用PCR技术研究疱疹病毒与新生儿黄疸的相关性

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测了３９例新生儿黄疸患儿。结果１３例外周血淋巴细胞检出疱疹病毒ＤＮＡ，总检出率３３３％，其中巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）１１例，Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶⅡ）２例，检出率分别为２８２％（１１／３９）和５１％（２／３９），未检出Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶⅠ）和ＥＢ病毒（ＥＢＶ）ＤＮＡ。提示新生儿黄疸与疱疹病毒感染有关     

环氧化酶-2抑制剂对Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒复活的抑制作用

目的：证实选择性环氧化酶-2（COX-2）抑制剂可阻断前列腺素在Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV—1）复活中的作用。方法：用HSV—1感染小鼠角膜，待30d病毒在二三叉神经节内的潜伏感染建立后，腹腔注射氯诺昔康（Lomoxj—can），处理后的小鼠和对照组均用紫外线B光照射170mJ／cm^2，诱导HSV—1复活，将角膜擦拭液和三叉神经节匀浆分别和指示细胞-293细胞共同培养，以鉴别有无病毒复制。结果：腹腔给予氯诺昔康注射的小鼠角膜和三叉神经节内包含的病毒复发率比对照组小鼠明显减少（X^2角膜=22．43，P角膜〈0．01；X^2三叉神经节=29．16，P三叉神经节〈0．01）。结论：选择性COX-2抑制剂能显著抑制紫外线诱导的Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒的复活。     

紫草多糖抗疱疹病毒地方株实验研究

作者从11名树枝状角膜炎患者中,分离出可疑疱疹病毒6株,经鉴定为单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(HSV-Ⅰ),用100μg/ml的紫草多糖维持液对该病毒进行敏感性试验,其抑病毒指数为3—5,证明紫草多糖有抗疱疹病毒地方株的作用。     

茯苓多糖对荷瘤小鼠及老年人和肿瘤患者免疫功能影响的探讨

作者用小鼠作试验模型，采用灌胃的方法，观察了茯苓多糖对荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤主及免疫功能的影响。结果表明茯苓多糖剂量在２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ抑瘤率最好（５１．８％），并能增强小鼠的Ｍφ吞噬功能（Ｐ〈０．０１），增加ＡＮＡＥ阳性淋巴细胞数（Ｐ〈０．０５）。还有使小鼠脾脏抗体分泌细胞数ＰＦＣ明显增多（Ｐ〈０．０１），在一定的剂量范围内起到抗胸腺萎缩及抗脾脏增大，保护免疫器官的作用。另从老年人免疫功能测试结果发现     

更昔洛韦治疗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型脑炎小鼠血清一氧化氮、白细胞介素-1β的变化及病理学观察

目的：探讨更昔洛韦治疗单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎小鼠血一氧化氮、白细胞介素-1β水平变化及病理学改变。方法：建立单纯疱疹病毒-1感染的小鼠病毒性脑炎模型,将模型分为模型组、阿昔洛韦治疗组和更昔洛韦治疗组,同时设正常对照组,比较各组小鼠病死率、血清一氧化氮、白细胞介素-1β水平变化和电镜下小鼠神经细胞形态结构变化。结果：模型组小鼠脑组织单纯疱疹病毒-1DNA均为阳性,正常对照组为阴性;电镜下模型组神经细胞内可见单纯疱疹病毒-1病毒颗粒;阿昔洛韦治疗组和更昔洛韦治疗组小鼠死亡率、血清一氧化氮及白细胞介素-1β水平均比未治疗组明显降低,差异有显著性（P﹤0.01）;更昔洛韦治疗组白细胞介素-1β下降水平较阿昔洛韦治疗组明显（P〈0.01）。电镜下更昔洛韦治疗组小鼠神经细胞,髓鞘病变均较轻。结论：更昔洛韦可能通过降低单纯疱珍病毒-Ⅰ型脑炎小鼠血清一氧化氮、白细胞介素-1β水平,且降低白细胞介素-1β水平的作用较阿昔洛韦明显,减轻神经细胞的炎症反应及细胞因子引起的神经毒性作用达到对神经细胞的保护作用。     

治咳川贝枇杷滴丸体外抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的作用

目的：研究治咳川贝枇杷滴丸体外抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型（HSV—Ⅰ）的作用。方法：采用CPE法和MTT法在细胞水平上检测治咳川贝枇杷滴丸抗HSV—Ⅰ的作用;观察不同时间段的含药血清抑制HSV—Ⅰ的情况,在血清水平上进一步验证治咳川贝枇杷滴丸抗HSV—Ⅰ的作用。结果：细胞水平上,治咳川贝枇杷滴丸对HSV—Ⅰ有直接灭活作用、侵入阻断作用、生物合成抑制作用,最高抑制率分别为75．41％、60．76％和56．71％（P〈0．05）。在Tco范围以下,随着药物浓度的增加,病毒抑制率明显升高,呈量效关系。血清水平上,含药血清具有明显的抗HSV—Ⅰ作用,抑制作用呈一定的浓度、时间依赖性。结论：治咳川贝枇杷滴丸具有一定的体外抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型作用。     

清温冲剂抗病毒作用的实验研究

体外实验表明，倍比稀释１：３２０清温冲剂对合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ），单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ，Ⅱ型（ＨＳＶⅠ，ＨＳＶⅡ）有显著抑制作用。对腺病毒Ⅱ型无影响。清温冲剂５．４ｇ／ｋｇｉｇ能显著降低小鼠肺炎病毒所致小鼠的死亡率；２．４ｇ／ｋｇ与１．４ｇ／ｌｇ组则无效；５．４ｇ／ｋｇ与２．８ｇ／ｋｇ组对鸡胚内流感病毒有抑制作用。     

灰树花多糖促进干扰素诱生作用的研究

灰树花多糖以２０００，１００Ｏ，５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ的剂量给ＮＩＨ小鼠灌胄７天，然后腹腔注射１２８０ＨＡＵ／ｍｌ的ＮＤＶ（新城鸡瘟病毒）０．５ｍｌ。６ｈ后放血，分离血清，以Ｌ９２９细胞、ＶＳＶ病毒检测鼠干扰素。结果发现，灰树花多糖能够促进ＮＤＶ诱生干扰素。各实验组、ＮＤＶ对照组和生理盐水对照组的干扰素活性分别为４４．５，４５．０，２９．０，１２．０和２．０Ｕ／ｍｌ，据此认为，灰树花多糖抗病毒感染的作用可能由干扰素系统介导，但也可能有其他机理参与。     

通用引物检测宫颈脱落细胞中病毒的临床应用

目的：探讨通用引物检测多种病毒的ＰＣＲ方法。方法：应用聚合酶链反应－酶谱法（ＰＣＲ－ＥＣ０和疱疹病毒通用引物,检测宫颈脱落细胞中单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型（ＨＳＶ－Ⅰ）、单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型（ＨＳＶ－Ⅱ）、爱泼期坦－巴尔病毒（ＥＢＶ０和人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）。结果：健康人（２０例）和宫颈糜烂患者（３４例）。ＨＣＭＶ阳性检出率分别为１０．０％和４１．２％,两者差异显著;ＨＳＶ－１分别为５．０％和１４．７％;ＨＳ     

灰树花多糖促进干扰素诱生作用的研究

灰树花多糖以２０００，１０００，５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ的剂量给ＮＩＨ小鼠灌胃７天，然后腹腔注射１２８０ＨＡＵ／ｍｌ的ＮＤＶ（新城鸡瘟病毒）０．５ｍｌ。６ｈ后放血，分离血清，以Ｌ９２９细胞、ＶＳＶ病毒检测鼠干扰素。结果发现，灰树花多糖能够促进ＮＤＶ诱生干扰素。各实验组、ＮＤＶ对照组和生理盐水对照组的干扰素活性分别为４４．５，４５．０，２９．０，１２．０和２．０Ｕ／ｍｌ，据此认为，灰树花多糖抗病毒感染的     

龟肌肽对甲型流感病毒感染鼠模型疗效的观察

目的：观察龟肌肽注射液对甲型流感病毒感染鼠模型的疗效。方法：用甲型流感病毒PR－8株（H3N2）建立NIH小鼠呼吸道病毒感染模型，其中50只作病毒毒力试验，另70只随机分成5组，每组14只，前3组分别用浓度5mg/ml和2．5mg/ml的龟肌肽、三氮唑核苷作尾静脉注射，第4组为感染对照组，第5组为不感染病毒的空白对照组，观察各组14d内的每天死亡数。结果：高浓度龟肌肽组和低浓度龟肌肽组的存活率分别为64．3％和42．9％，三氮唑核苷对照组的存活率为85．7％，感染对照组小鼠7d内均死亡，而空白对照组小鼠均存活14d以上。高浓度龟肌肽存活率接近三氮唑核苷对照组（χ^2=1.71,P＞0．05）。结论：龟肌肽具有体内抗甲型流感病毒感染的作用，高浓度的龟肌肽疗效较佳。     

Antiviral Effect of Chinonin against Herpes Simplex Virus

In order to investigate the antiviral effect of chinonin against Herpes simplex virus (HSV), the encephalitis model in mice and skin infection model in guinea pigs were established by HSV-Ⅰ and HSV-Ⅱ infection respectively. Acyclovir was used as the positive reference drug to evaluate the antiviral capacity of chinonin. Chinonin showed an obvious therapeutic effect on encephalitis in mice at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. At both dosages, chinonin demonstrated stronger protection than acyclovir (1 and 5 mg/kg) to the infected mice from death. It was also found that chinonin could treat the skin infection in guinea pigs effectively. The therapeutic effect of chinonin was similar to that of acyclovir (5 mg/kg) at 25 mg/kg but obviously better than that at 50 and 75 mg/kg. In conclusion, chinonin is a potential candidate for the treatment against HSV.     

复方感冒冲剂体外抗流感病毒作用

目的探讨复方感冒冲剂体外对流感病毒（H3N2）的抑制作用,为临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法使用狗肾传代细胞（Madin-Darby canine kidney,MDCK）建立体外病毒感染模型。将病毒与药物通过三种不同给药方式,通过细胞病变法观察复方感冒冲剂对流感病毒的抑制及对被感染细胞的保护作用。结果复方感冒冲剂在感染病毒同时加药方式下对流感病毒（H3N2）感染的MDCK细胞有明显的保护作用;在先给药再感染病毒的方式下对MD-CK细胞的保护作用较弱;在先加病毒后加药的方式下,复方感冒冲剂对病毒感染的MDCK细胞无明显保护作用。结论复方感冒冲剂具有体外抗流感病毒作用,其药效发挥可能依赖机体的代谢并与给药方式有关。     

Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 in rheumatic valvular tissue

Background Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most important sequela of rheumatic fever (RF):evidence that streptococcal infection is aetiological is prominent, but sometimes contradictory. Acute HSV-1 infection in mouse leads to carditis and valvulitis whereas recurrent infection results in inflammatory granulomatous lesions that resemble Aschoff bodies. Cells containing HSV-1 inclusions or virus infected giant cells appear similar to Anitschkow cells or Asehoff cells respectively. We hypothesized that HSV-1 infection also may be involved in RHD.Methods Formalin-fixed, paraMn-embedded valvular tissue samples from 32 patients with RHD were investigated for evidence of HSV-1 infection. HSV-1 antigen was detected by immunohistoehemistry, using HSV-1-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. HSV-1 glyeoprotein D gene sequences were amplified by nPCR,using β-globin gene amplification in the same samples as internal control. Valvular tissue from 5 cases of sudden death and 3 cases died of neisseria meningitis without a history of valvular disease was used for comparison. HSV-1-infected lung tissue was used as positive control.Results HSV-I antigens were detected in valvular tissues from 21 of 32 (65.6%) patients. Fifteen of these 21 (46.9% of cases), but no antigen-negative sample, were positive also for HSV DNA. Nueleotide sequence of PCR products was homologous to the targeted region of the HSV-1 glycoprotein D gene. HSV-1 antigen was present also in one case of sudden death but viral DNA was not found in any tissue sample from tile comparison group. Results from reagent and positive controls were as anticipated.Conclusions This is the first study to show the presence of HSV-1 antigen and genomic DNA in valvular tissues from patients with RHD and provides evidence for an association of HSV-1 infection with some cases of rheumatic valvular disease.     

4-苯乙烯磺酸马来酸酐共聚物抑制HSV-2感染研究

目的:探索4-苯乙烯磺酸马来酸酐共聚物(PSM)对单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV-2)感染细胞或小鼠的抑制作用。方法:建立Vero-ICP10细胞系,通过Luciferase检测不同浓度PSM对感染细胞中HSV-2的抑制作用,并通过In cell western技术检测HSV-2 gD蛋白表达,确定不同PSM浓度对HSV-2 gD蛋白表达的抑制作用;建立HSV-2阴道感染小鼠模型,观察PSM对HSV-2经生殖道感染小鼠的抑制作用。结果:Luciferase实验和In cell western实验结果均表明PSM具有抗HSV-2感染细胞的作用;小鼠模型中,5%的PSM能有效防止小鼠感染HSV-2(P<0.001)。结论:PSM在体内和体外模型中均可以抑制HSV-2感染。     

延吉市单纯疱疹病毒抗体的间接血球凝集试验法检测

用间接血球凝集试验法验测延吉市282例健康人的血清中单纯疱疹病毒1型抗体。检查结果表明:10岁以下年龄组抗体阳性率为48.0％,其他年龄组抗体阳性率为97.8％,两者有显著性差异(P<0.01)。10岁以上的儿童几乎都感染过HSV-1毒,汉族儿童的抗体阳性率为58.1％,朝鲜族儿童的抗体阳性率为35.1％,两者有显著性差异(P<0.01)。     

Antiviral effect of chinonin against herpes simples virus

Summary In order to investigate the antiviral effect of chinonin against Herpes simplex virus (HSV), the encephalitis model in mice and skin infection model in guinea pigs were established by HSV-1 and HSV-II infection respectively. Acyclovir was used as the positive reference drug to evaluate the antiviral capacity of chinonin. Chinonin showed an obvious therapeutic effect on encephalitis in mice at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. At both dosages, chinonin demonstrated stronger protection than acyclovir (1 and 5 mg/kg) to the infected mice from death. It was also found that chinonin could treat the skin infection in guinea pigs effectively. The therapeutic effect of chinonin was similar to that of acyclovir (5 mg/kg) at 25 mg/kg but obviously better than that at 50 and 75 mg/kg. In conclusion, chinonin is a potential candidate for the treatment against HSV. JIANG Jie, male, born in 1973. M.D., Ph.D.     

Recombinant glycoprotein vaccine for the prevention of genital HSV-2 infection: two randomized controlled trials. Chiron HSV Vaccine Study Group.

CONTEXT: In the last 3 decades, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection seroprevalence and neonatal herpes have increased substantially. An effective vaccine for the prevention of genital herpes could help control this epidemic. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a vaccine for prevention of HSV-2 infection. DESIGN: Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trials of a recombinant subunit vaccine containing 30 microg each of 2 major HSV-2 surface glycoproteins (gB2 and gD2) against which neutralizing antibodies are directed, administered at months 0, 1, and 6. Control subjects were given a citrate buffer vehicle. Participants were followed up for 1 year after the third immunization. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We enrolled 2393 persons from December 10, 1993, to April 4, 1995, who were HSV-2 and human immunodeficiency virus seronegative. One trial with 18 centers enrolled 531 HSV-2-seronegative partners of HSV-2-infected persons; the other, with 22 centers, enrolled 1862 persons attending sexually transmitted disease clinics. A total of 2268 (94.8%) met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis with 1135 randomized to placebo and 2012 to vaccine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Time to acquisition of HSV-2 infection, defined by seroconversion or isolation of HSV-2 in culture during the study period by randomization group. RESULTS: Time-to-event curves indicated a 50% lower acquisition rate among vaccine vs placebo recipients during the initial 5 months of the trial; however, overall vaccine efficacy was 9% (95% confidence interval, -29% to 36%). Acquisition rates of HSV-2 were 4.6 and 4.2 per 100 patient-years in the placebo and vaccine recipients, respectively (P =.58). Follow-up of vaccine recipients acquiring HSV-2 infection showed vaccination had no significant influence on duration of clinical first genital HSV-2 episodes (vaccine, median of 7.1 days; placebo, 6.5 days; P>.10) or subsequent frequency of reactivation (median monthly recurrence rate with vaccine, 0.2; with placebo, 0.3; P>.10). The vaccine induced high levels of HSV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated persons who did and did not develop genital herpes. CONCLUSIONS: Efficient and sustained protection from sexual acquisition of HSV-2 infection will require more than high titers of specific neutralizing antibodies. Protection against sexually transmitted viruses involving exposure over a prolonged period will require a higher degree of vaccine efficacy than that achieved in this study.     

新生儿咽拭子检测在诊断单纯疱疹病毒先天性感染中的意义

目的以巢式PCR检测新生儿脐带血中单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)gD基因和HSV-2 gG基因并用测序确认的结果为参比,分析利用新生儿咽拭子检测相应病毒基因在诊断新生儿HSV先天性感染中的意义。方法采集顺产新生儿抗凝脐带血35份,同时采集咽拭子35份。采用检测HSV-1 gD基因和HSV-2 gG基因的PCR法检测新生儿脐带血和咽拭子标本DNA,阳性扩增结果确认后,比较咽拭子检测与脐带血检测结果,以及咽拭子检测特异性、灵敏度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值4个指标,分析新生儿咽拭子检测能否为诊断HSV先天性感染提供依据。结果 35份脐带血中HSV-1阳性率28.6%(10/35),咽拭子HSV-1阳性率25.7%(9/35),两者差异无统计学意义。脐带血中HSV-2阳性率22.8%(8/35),咽拭子HSV-2阳性率28.6%(10/35),两者差异无统计学意义。HSV-1两种标本检测一致率68.6%;HSV-2两种标本一致率77.1%。咽拭子HSV-1、HSV-2检测灵敏度分别为40.0%和62.5%,特异性分别为80.0%和84.6%,阳性预测值分别为44.4%和50.0%,阴性预测值分别为76.9%和88.0%。结论以新生儿脐带血单核细胞中HSV-1 gD基因和HSV-2 gG基因检测结果为参比,新生儿咽拭子检测与脐带血检测具有较高的一致性,表明咽拭子检测用于新生儿HSV先天性感染诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Prior herpes simplex virus type 2 infection as a risk factor for HIV infection

Antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) in three sequential serum samples from 62 men who did and 61 men who did not develop human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at the time of the final (third) serum specimen were studied. Antibody titers to CMV, EBV, and HSV-1 did not significantly rise in or differ between men who did or did not get HIV infection. However, we found that 32 (68%) of 47 HIV seroconverters had antibodies to HSV-2 at the time the third specimen was drawn, whereas only 26 (46%) of 57 men who remained HIV seronegative had HSV-2 antibody positivity. Seroconversion to HSV-2 between any two serum specimens was found in 11 (42%) of the 26 HIV seroconverters but in only five (14%) of 35 men who remained HIV seronegative. The association between HSV-2 seropositivity (or seroconversion) and subsequent or concurrent HIV seroconversion remained when we controlled for factors known to influence HIV infection, including age, number of sexual partners, and percentage of sexual acts involving receptive anal intercourse. These serologic studies do not support the role of CMV, EBV, or HSV-1 in HIV infection but do suggest that HSV-2 infection is a risk factor for subsequent or concurrent HIV infection.