广西黄皮叶挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析研究

目的:对广西黄皮叶挥发油进行气相-质谱研究.方法:利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取广西黄皮叶挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法鉴定化学成分,归一化法测定各成分相对含量.结果:从广西黄皮叶挥发油中共分离出40多个组分,鉴定了其中32个化合物,占总量的90%以上,主要成分为石竹烯(25.31%)、石竹烯氧化物(14.86%)、β-红没药烯(8.95%)、斯巴醇(8.88%)、柏木-8(15)-烯-9-醇(7.54%)、α-法呢烯(6.51%)等,并鉴定出12种文献未见报道的组分.结论:广西黄皮叶挥发油中含倍半萜醇类、倍半萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等多种化学成分,本试验为广西黄皮叶的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据.     

大叶钩藤叶挥发油成分气相色谱-质谱联用分析

目的:分析大叶钩藤叶挥发油成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取大叶钩藤叶的挥发油,经气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪分析,归一化法测得各组分的相对含量。结果:检出127个色谱峰,鉴定了大叶钩藤叶挥发油化合物中的85个成分,约占相对总含量的96.47%。大叶钩藤叶挥发油主要成份及其相对含量为酯(23.57%)、烯酮类(15.11%)、烷烃类(14.62%)、烯醇类(7.66%)醛、醇、酮等物质,其中含量最高的是2-甲基-1-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-2-甲基-1,3-丙二基丙酸酯(10.17%)、三十一烷(10.17%);含量较高的有4-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(7.9%)、叶绿醇(5.8%)、(E)-2-己烯酸丁酯(4.76%)、十六烷酸乙酯(3.76%)、4-(2,6,6-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-基)-3-丁烯-2-酮、3,5,11,15-四甲基-1-十六碳烯-3-醇等。结论:本实验建立的分析方法能够较全面反映出大叶钩藤叶挥发油中的化学成分,为其进一步开发利用提供了实验依据。     

山楂叶挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的分析蔷薇科山楂属植物山楂叶挥发油的化学成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法从山楂叶中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术及克瓦兹指数对挥发油化学成分进行分析,以归一化法计算各个化学成分的相对含量。结果共分离出154个色谱峰,鉴定了其中93个化合物,占挥发油总量的质量分数为78.78%。山楂叶挥发油中主要成分是:2,7(14),10-bisabolatrien-1-ol-4-one(质量分数为18.42%)(75)、nezukol(质量分数为6.25%)(90)、反-水合桧烯(transsabinene hydrate,质量分数为4.11%)(10)、丙酸香茅酯(citronellyl propanoate,质量分数为2.8%)(46)、zonarene(质量分数为2.65%)(55)、(5E,9E)-法呢基丙酮((5E,9E)-farnesyl acetone,质量分数为2.5%)(77)等。结论首次采用克瓦兹指数对山楂叶挥发油的化学成分进行分析,为山楂叶的开发研究提供了科学依据。     

GC-MS测定白背叶中的挥发油

目的 分析白背叶挥发油的化学成分并用归一化法测定各成分的质量分数.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取白背叶中的挥发油.用GC-MS法鉴定其化学成分.结果 共鉴定了41个成分,占挥发油总成分的90%以上.结论 白背叶挥发油的主成分为橙花叔醇、1,6-辛二烯-3-醇、冰片基胺、己二酸二异辛酯和2,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯.     

橘叶挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

目的:分析橘叶挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取橘叶挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用法分析鉴定其化学成分,并应用面积归一法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果:从橘叶挥发油中分离出50种化学组分,鉴定了其中34种,占总油量的83%。结论:橘叶挥发油中主要成分为β-榄香烯(19.96%)、石竹烯(10.27%)、石竹烯氧化物(8.78%)、[1R-(1a,3aβ,4a,7β)]-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-八氢-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)-薁(6.97%)、邻伞花烃(6.27%)等。     

GC-MS法同时测定黄皮不同部位中4个挥发性成分的含量

目的:建立快速、准确和可同时测定黄皮不同部位挥发油中4个挥发性成分(香桧烯、β-水芹烯、4-萜烯醇、β-石竹烯)含量的GC-MS分析方法。方法:通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取黄皮叶、果皮、种子中的挥发油。GC-MS分析测定4个成分,采用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25μm),程序升温,进样口温度250℃,载气为氦气,柱流量1.0 mL·min^-1,进样量1.0μL;EI源,选择性离子扫描模式,离子源温度250℃,接口温度280℃。结果:黄皮叶、果皮、种子挥发油中4个挥发性成分和其他成分分离良好,香桧烯、β-水芹烯、4-萜烯醇和β-石竹烯分别在0.27～34.05μg·mL^-1、0.053～6.84μg·mL^-1、0.056～7.15μg·mL^-1、0.11～7.29μg·mL^-1的范围线性关系良好,加样回收率范围为99.7%～100.6%,RSD为1.3%～1.5%。样品测定结果显示黄皮不同部位中的4个挥发性成分差异最大,其中黄皮叶中β-石竹烯含量最高,为3...     

浙江产异叶茴芹叶挥发油化学成分研究

目的 研究浙江产伞形科茴芹属植物异叶茴芹叶挥发油的化学成分.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用气相色谱一质谱联用仪作定性分析,按峰面积归一化法计算挥发油中化学成分的相对百分含量.结果 鉴定出38个化合物,占总挥发油相对含量的94%.主要成分为IH-苯并环庚烯(22.70%)、水芹烯(17.77%)、β-花柏烯(15.94%),还含有一定量的β-榄香烯(2.99%)和β-法尼烯(1.75%).结论 浙江产异叶茴芹叶可作为提取榄香烯和法尼烯的原料药材.     

泰山野生白苏叶挥发油成分GC-MS分析与抑菌活性的研究

目的研究泰山野生白苏叶挥发油成分和抑菌的活性。方法提取白苏叶挥发油进行GC-MS分析,选取几种常见的细菌和真菌,用平板打孔法测定挥发油的抑菌活性。结果认定40种化合物共占挥发油总量的98.46%,含量最多的5种化合物分别为2,6-二甲基-6-(4-甲基-3-戊烯基)-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯、紫苏酮、戊基苯酚、石竹烯、芳樟醇,分别占到了18.22%、18.15%、17.31%、14.78%、7.68%,白苏叶挥发油对4中菌的活性都具有一定的抑制作用,其中对红色毛癣菌的抑制效果最大。结论白苏叶挥发油对细菌和真菌都有抑制作用,对红色毛癣菌的抑制效果显著。     

黄皮化学成分的研究进展

黄皮是芸香科黄皮属植物,原产于我国热带和亚热带地区的一种特种果树,具有很高的药用价值,果、叶、根、种等均可入药。黄皮果实有化痰、消食的功效,民间用其叶煮水洗浴治疗疥癫,消风肿等。研究黄皮化学成分主要在黄皮的叶和根茎等。从黄皮叶中分离得到3个酰胺类化合物,黄皮酰胺、新黄皮酰胺、桥环黄皮酰胺;从黄皮果挥发油中分离得到43个化合物,主要有萜品烯-4-醇,桧萜等;黄皮果肉中具有丰富的氨基酸,且含有大量黄酮。现代药理学研究证明黄皮的粗提物及有效化学成分具有广泛的药理活性。黄酮是一类天然的抗氧化剂;黄皮酰胺能明显抑制由酒精中毒诱发的肝脂质过氧化反应,提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,清除自由基,抵抗氧化损伤,并对β-淀粉样多肽25-35片段诱导以及糖尿病诱导的大鼠学习记忆功能障碍具有明显的改善作用。本文对黄皮的化学成分研究做一综述,为其药学、药理学作用的深入研究提供思路。     

宽叶羌活根茎和根的挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的分析宽叶羌活(Notopterygium forbesiiBoiss.)根茎和根的挥发油化学成分,为其质量评价提供科学依据。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取宽叶羌活根茎和根的挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。结果共检出217个色谱峰,初步鉴定出100个化合物,占挥发油总量的78·30%。结论宽叶羌活根茎和根的挥发油中的化学成分主要为单萜和倍半萜类化合物,两者分别占总挥发油中化学成分的41·30%和32·65%。这与狭叶羌活根茎和根的挥发油中单萜和倍半萜类化合物分别占总挥发油中化学成分的13·63%和67·93%不同。(1R)-α-蒎烯(3·98 %)、桧烯(2·51 %)、(1S)-β-蒎烯(5·78 %)、m-月桂烯(4·05 %)、柠檬烯(3·55 %)、3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-庚三烯(3·98 %)、γ-萜品烯(8·70 %)、茴香醚(1·78 %)和(1S)-桥环醋酸冰片酯(2·62 %)为单萜类化合物及其衍生物中的主要成分;( )-β-榄香烯(1·17 %)、异愈创木烯(1·40 %)、( )-β-没药烯(1·21 %)、(±)-榄香醇(1·42 %)、愈创木醇(1·14 %)、去羟基异菖蒲二醇(1·13 %)、( -)-土青木香烯(1·99 %)、异愈创木醇(9·48 %)、γ-桉醇(1·77 %)、愈创木-1(10)-烯-11-醇(1·12 %)和α-没药醇(5·35 %)为倍半萜类化合物及其衍生物中的主要成分。     

Carbazole alkaloids from the stems of Clausena excavata

A new carbazole alkaloid, sansoakamine (8), together with 11 known compounds, was isolated from the stems of Clausena excavata. All structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Compound 7 showed moderate anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with a MIC value of 6.74 μg/ml.     

Carbazole alkaloids from the peels of Clausena lansium

A new carbazole alkaloid, claulansine K (1), together with six known carbazole alkaloids (2–7), was isolated from the peels of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels. The new compound was elucidated using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, COSY, and ROESY) techniques, and HR-EI-MS analyses. Compound 1 showed in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with the IC₅₀ value of 0.11 mM. Compound 2 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the diameter of inhibition zone of 14.2 mm.     

Anti-inflammatory amide alkaloids from the stems of Clausena emarginata

Two new amide alkaloids, clauemaramide A (1) and clauemaramide B (2), and three known analogs were isolated from the stems of Clausena emarginata. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were confirmed by CD spectroscopy. Compound 3 showed moderate inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production (IC₅₀ value = 4.9 μM).     

Carbazole and amide alkaloids from the stems of Clausena lansium

Two new carbazole alkaloids, claulansine S (1) and claulansine T (2), and one new amide alkaloid, clauamide A (3), together with four known analogues (4–7) were isolated from the stems of Clausena lansium. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including UV, IR, and NMR experiments (HSQC, HMBC, and NOE experiments). Compounds 4 and 6 showed moderate hepatoprotective activities.     

Limonoids with neuroprotective activity from the stems of Clausena emarginata

Two new limonoids, clauemargines M-N (1–2), together with five known compounds (3–7), were isolated from the stems of Clausena emarginata, and compounds 6 and 7 were gained from this plant for the first time. Their structures were established and elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 1–2 were further determined by the octant rule of saturated cyclic ketone. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 showed moderate neuroprotective effects against L-glutamic acid-induced cellular damage in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells at 10 μM.     

从黄皮茎枝中分离到的一个新的咔唑生物碱

采用HPD100大孔树脂、PRP-512A大孔树脂、硅胶、ODS制备色谱柱等方法,从黄皮茎枝中分离得到1个新的咔唑生物碱化合物,通过UV、IR、HR-ESI-MS、1D/2DNMR、ECD等光谱分析方法对其进行结构鉴定,确定其结构,并命名为Claulamine F (1)。通过抗菌实验筛选,未发现其对金葡菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌具有显著活性。此外,通过MTT法,化合物1未显示其对5种肿瘤细胞株具有明显细胞毒活性。     

黑果黄皮Clausena dunniana Levl.中一个新的咔唑类生物碱

从黑果黄皮Clusena dunniana Levl.中分到一个新的咔唑类生物碱1,并通过谱学手段确定了1的化学结构为3－methoxymethylcarbazole。     

Lipid-lowering property of Clausena anisum-olens in hypercholesterolemic rats

Context: Clausena anisum-olens (Blanco) Merr. (Rutaceae) is a medicinal shrub which has been reported to have various pharmacological uses. No study regarding the effects of C. anisum-olens on cholesterol-lowering has been reported.

Objective: The effects of the ethanol extract of C. anisum-olens leaves on the cholesterol level of hypercholesterolemic rats were evaluated.

Materials and methods: Acute oral toxicity of the extract (175, 550 and 2000?mg/kg) was determined using female Sprague-Dawley rats, as described in OECD 425 Main test guidelines. The lipid-lowering assay utilized 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into five groups (A–E). Triton X-100 was administered to induce hypercholesterolemia. After hypercholesterolemia induction, oral treatment of Atorvastatin and crude ethanol extract was given daily to the treatment groups for 14 days. The total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL were determined before induction, after induction, after first week of treatment and after second week of treatment.

Results: Acute oral toxicity showed the crude extract is nontoxic up to 2000?mg/kg. The lipid-lowering assay indicated reduction of serum cholesterol (87.21?±?5.10?mg/dL), triglycerides (58.09?±?4.10?mg/dL) and LDL (27.82?±?4.11?mg/dL) for 200?mg/kw extract. Reduction in serum cholesterol (74.72?±?3.64?mg/dL), triglycerides (52.79?±?2.98?mg/dL) and LDL (12.06?±?5.51?mg/dL) were observed for 400?mg/kg group. The result is comparable to Atorvastatin, which showed serum cholesterol (80.90?±?9.72?mg/dL), triglycerides (55.94?±?7.19?mg/dL) and LDL (22.09?±?7.60?mg/dL) reduction.

Discussion and conclusion: The crude extract of C. anisum-olens proved to be useful in lowering of cholesterol.