外国专利遏制战略对中国电子信息产业出口竞争力的影响

电子信息产业是我国外贸出口的主力军,所占比例超过三分之一,成为提升我国出口竞争力的基础性产业.因此,电子信息产业是中外企业进行国际竞争力较量的主战场.跨国公司是影响我国电子信息产业出口竞争力的主要因素之一,它们将专利战略作为遏制中国出口竞争力的主要手段,不断强化对我国企业的专利遏制,将技术优势转化成出口竞争优势.中国要采取多种对应措施,才能化解外国专利遏制战略的负面影响,全面提升我国企业的出口竞争力.     

全球液晶显示产业专利质量评价

利用德温特专利数据库以及Thomson Reuters集团旗下的Aureka在线平台,选用专利引证数和专利族规模两个指标评价全球液晶显示产业的专利质量,并对中国液晶显示产业中代表企业的专利质量进行了比较和分析,明确了中国液晶显示产业发展中存在的问题,即对专利重视不够、开展液晶显示技术国际化合作的深度和广度不足。指出:应加强研发成果保护意识、增大专利族规模、扩大国际合作规模,采取专利交叉许可等方式与国际大企业开展多领域的广泛合作。     

中国专利质量研究：开放经济的视角

基于全球经济一体化的背景,将表明一国贸易竞争力的指标NTB指数引入到专利质量的评价当中,并建立模型证明了其可行性。通过计算国际收支专有权利使用费和特许费的NTB指数对中国专利的竞争力进行了国际比较,发现中国专利的质量总体上十分低下;对其近11年间的NTB指数动态分析后发现其值始终接近于-1,表明中国研发经费投入的增长并未换来专利产出质量的提高。同时,对中国专利数据本身进行了分析,通过发明专利占总授权专利数量中的比例、发明专利的有效量、专利授权量中职务和非职务专利的结构、国内职务发明专利主体的结构等多个维度验证了使用NTB指数对中国专利质量进行分析的结果,表明将NTB指数引入到专利质量的评价当中是可行的。     

中国风电技术专利信息分析

从中国风电技术的应用及风电产业的发展出发,从专利类型、年度趋势、技术领域、区域分布、申请人、发明人和生命周期等角度,分析了1985—2010年3月期间中国风电技术领域的专利信息。研究结果显示:中国风电技术领域专利处于快速发展阶段;从专利类型看,该领域专利主要为发明专利和实用新型专利;从技术领域看,该领域专利主要集中于IPC-F03D;从区域看,江苏、上海、北京等风能资源较丰富或科研力量较强区域的该领域专利申请量较多;从申请人看,通用电气、艾劳埃斯.乌本和维斯塔斯等企业或个人在中国风电技术领域的专利具有较强的竞争力;从发明人的角度看,艾劳埃斯.乌本是中国风电技术领域最具竞争力的创新者。     

开放经济条件下基于NTB指数的中国专利质量研究

文章基于全球经济一体化的背景,将表征一国贸易竞争力的指标——NTB指数引入到专利质量的评价当中,并建立模型证明了其可行性。文章通过计算国际收支专有权利使用费和特许费的NTB指数对中国专利的竞争力进行了国际比较,发现中国专利的质量总体上十分低下,近11年的NTB指数始终接近于-1,表明中国研发经费投入的增长并未带来专利产出质量的提高。同时,文章对中国专利数据本身进行了分析,通过发明专利占总授权专利数量的比例、发明专利的有效量、专利授权量中职务和非职务专利的结构、国内职务发明专利主体的结构等多个维度验证了使用NTB指数分析中国专利质量的结果,表明将NTB指数引入到专利质量的评价中是可行的。     

中国在新兴技术领域的国际科技合作模式及其影响因素

基于Worldwide数据库中的专利数据,利用文献计量方法分析了中国四大新兴技术领域的国际合作模式,并构建回归模型测度了现有国际科技合作模式对专利质量的影响。结果表明:中国在四大新兴技术领域的专利活动的国际化模式存在一定差别,且中国对国际科技合作专利拥有控制权的专利较少;国家创新指数和合作国家数对中国国际合作专利质量的提高有较大影响。     

市场信号、技术特征与中国国际高质量专利

近年来,中国专利申请量与授权量得到了快速飞跃,然而“专利泡沫”“专利沉睡”等问题也日益凸显,如何有效促进专利数量到专利质量的转变是实现专利强国的关键。本文基于信号传递理论,构建了市场信号与技术特征共同影响国际高质量专利形成的理论模型,并利用中国在美国专利与商标局(USPTO)申请的专利数据进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:市场信号有助于传递积极的专利信号与打破信息不对称,推动形成国际高质量专利;技术特征能够扩大专利自身的技术范围与技术合作空间,与国际高质量专利也存在显著正向关系;此外,技术特征能够产生技术噪音与技术竞争压力,弱化信号传递效率,从而负向调节市场信号对国际高质量专利的促进效应。本文认为与市场上的普通商品一样,专利存在“酒香也怕巷子深”问题,一方面企业应该加强专利国际推广;另一方面政府需要进一步完善市场机制与减弱信息不对称,共同塑造中国国际高质量专利。     

我国商业银行金融创新策略初探——以金融产品专利为视角

随着信息科学技术的快速发展及其在金融业的广泛应用,金融创新的代表——金融产品专利逐渐成为现代商业银行强化竞争优势的法宝。通过对当前中国内外资银行金融产品专利数量及质量的对比分析可以发现,近年来我国商业银行在金融产品创新和专利申请方面取得了一定的成绩,但在专利领域的竞争优势尚未确立。因此,为应对外资银行的竞争,银行业需要加大金融创新,加强行业合作,运用技术和法律双重武器增强自身竞争力。     

中国授权不同性质专利技术领域布局实证研究

分析了中国授权不同类型创新主体拥有的不同性质专利的技术领域分布,得出以下结论：化学冶金技术领域中方法专利比例明显高于产品专利、产品与方法专利,其中科研院所拥有的方法专利比例最高;纺织造纸技术领域中科研院所拥有的方法专利比例高于其它性质专利比例;机械工程和物理技术领域中企业、科研院所和个人拥有的专利都集中于产品专利;生活需要技术领域中专利集中于产品专利,但科研院所专利以方法专利为主;固定建筑和电学技术领域中企业与科研院所拥有的专利比例从高到低依次为产品专利、方法专利和产品与方法专利。     

基于专利引证的数据生存周期安全技术竞争态势研究

以Patentics数据库获取的33229项有效专利文献为数据来源，采用专利引证分析法进行分析发现：美国、日本和中国是全球拥有数据生存周期安全技术TOP100专利申请人数量最多的前3个国家，其中国际商业机器、微软和日立为开拓者，国际商业机器、微软和惠普为领导者，苹果、阿里巴巴、亚马逊科技为新兴竞争者。我国有3所高校、14家企业进入全球数据生存周期安全技术专利数量TOP100申请人行列；华为作为全球数据生存周期安全技术专利TOP10的中国企业，其优势技术领域为H04L029、H04L009、H04L012，但目前研发团队个体创新能力不足。因此，应从国家层面转变政策思维，注重政策导向，推进政策落地；从行业层面推进协同研发，推动专利开放许可，推广技术国产化替代方案；从企业层面重视自主研发，寻求外部合作，引入发明人。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.