一硝基甲苯及其衍生物的开发（一）

目前，我国一硝基甲苯及其衍生物的产量足以左右欧洲市场行情，也导致了欧洲一些中间体生产企业日渐萎缩或停产，中问体生产重心逐渐向亚洲转移，使我国的开发、生产销售出现了良好机遇。详细介绍一硝基甲苯及其衍生物在有机合成中的应用，简述了其生产概况、科研现状及其应用前景。     

一硝基甲苯及其衍生物的开发（二）

目前,我国一硝基甲苯及其衍生物的产量足以左右欧洲市场行情，也导致了欧洲一些中间体生产企业日渐萎缩或停产，中间体生产重心逐渐向亚洲转移，使我国的开发、生产销售出现了良好机遇。详细介绍一硝基甲苯及其衍生物在有机合成中的应用，简述了其生产概况、科研现状及其应用前景。     

固体酒精的生产

介绍了固体酒精的用途、生产方法和原理，对其生产进行了其详尽的讨论。     

重整装置在炼油化工业中的作用分析

从重整装置的生产特点、原料来源、产品作用、生产效益等方面阐述了其在炼油生产与化工生产中的作用，对其在汽油调合、氢气平衡、芳烃生产等石油化工业中的作用进行了分析。     

由盘锦石油焦生产石墨电极的工业化研究

分析了盘锦焦与大庆焦的特性；以盘锦焦为原料生产Ф350mm石墨电极，并对其生产过程中的工艺进行控制。结果表明，通过技术改进，用盘锦石油焦生产的普通功率电极，理化指标达到用大庆石油焦生产的同类产品，通过试用其抗热震性能、抗氧化性能、消耗性能较好，能满足用户的使用要求；采用盘锦石油焦生产石墨电极，可降低制造成本。     

值得开发的医药中间体对羟基苯乙酸

对羟基苯乙酸是重要的医药中间体产品，其应用开发前景广阔。我国的最初生产是以出口为目的，现在虽有一定的生产实力，但在生产规模、生产工艺等方面都较落后，随着市场发展，我国对羟基苯乙酸产业机遇与挑战并存。本文对其合成工艺、生产现状、应用情况以及发展前景等作了阐述。     

聚乙烯生产工艺及催化剂研究分析

当今时代，聚乙烯这种优质树脂产品得到了广泛的应用，并且为工精业化发展发挥了诸多积极助益，越来越多的学者、技术人员以及生产厂家等群体开始投身对于其生产工作的研究，取得了一系列的研究成果。本文便以聚乙烯的生产作为中心，从其生产的工艺与催化剂两个方面展开了探讨，希望可以为当前的聚乙烯生产提供有效的理论助益。     

纳米抗菌技术在陶瓷生产中的应用及发展前景

纳米与抗菌技术相互结合应用在陶瓷生产中，将极大地改善传统陶瓷的性能。笔者介绍了抗菌机理及其在国内、外陶瓷生产中的应用现状，探讨了纳米抗菌技术在陶瓷生产中存在的问题，并对其发展前景作了预测和展望。     

粉末结晶山梨醇前景看好

粉末结晶山梨醇前景看好我国目前生产的山梨醇产品绝大多数是５０％或７０％的水溶液，主要利用其化学性能发酵生产维生素Ｃ、脱水酯化生产司盘，或利用其吸湿性能用于牙膏、化妆品及一些食品添加剂等生产中。由于产品含水量大，无形中增加了运输费用，虽然国内已有厂家率...     

无机非磷洗涤助剂的性能及生产发展前景

概括介绍了无机非磷助剂的性能、作用机理和生产方法，并对其生产现状、产品产量、市场需求情况进行了分析，指出在提高现有助剂的生产技术水平的同时，尽早开发出新型助剂，方是替代三聚磷酸钠的关键。     

氯乙酰氯生产工艺及其应用

阐述了国内外氯乙酰氯工业化生产技术,着重对乙酸为原料的两步法氯乙酰氯生产工艺进行技术经济评价,指出工业化生产氯乙酰氯仍以该法最为经济;综述了国内外生产现状,对今后的市场发展趋势进行了预测。结合吉化公司的原料优势,对氯乙酰氯的发展提出了几点建议。     

Innovative approach to simulating the biodeterioration of industrial cementitious products in sewer environment. Part II: Validation on CAC and BFSC linings

The development of a new test method for evaluating the resistance of manufactured cementitious products to biogenic acid attack, labeled BAC-Test for Biogenic Acid Concrete Test, was reported in Part I of this paper. The performance of the test in terms of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria selection and acid and sulfate production has been validated previously. In this second part, the representativeness of the degradation mechanisms of the cementitious materials is explored. Two segments of industrial pipes – ductile cast iron coated with cementitious linings (blast furnace slag cement (BFSC) and calcium aluminate cement (CAC) mortars) – were exposed to the test for 107 days. Then linings were analyzed by SEM coupled with EDS, EPMA, and XRD. Significant differences between BFSC and CAC linings were highlighted. Abundant cracking of the BFSC lining was observed, caused by precipitation of secondary ettringite, while no cracking was observed in the CAC lining. The CAC outer layer was composed mainly of AH₃ gel. The decalcification front was deeper in the BFSC matrix than in the CAC one.     

氯乙酰氯的生产与应用

综述氯乙酰氯在农用化学品、医药、染料、食品及饲料添加剂等方面的应用，并评述了其生产方法。     

Gluconate action in the hydration of calcium aluminate cements: Theoretical study,processing of aqueous suspensions and hydration reactivation

Considering the production of stable CAC aqueous suspensions, this work addressed the action of gluconate anion as a Ca²⁺ complexing agent and retarder of CAC hydration. Using quantum simulations, the complexation energy of gluconate complexes was calculated. The pH range of stability for the complexes was estimated and aqueous suspensions containing CAC and sodium gluconate (NaG), stable up to 4 days at room temperature, were prepared. Afterwards, their hydration reactions were reactivated by adjusting the systems’ pH. Results of solidification kinetics and mineralogical characterisation highlighted that, after reactivation, calcium aluminate hydrates were formed. Thermodynamics simulations indicated that using NaG up to 1 wt% would not be deleterious to the systems refractoriness up to 1700 °C. These systems could be applied in less explored processing routes for CAC-based refractory compositions (e.g. slip casting, direct foaming and additive manufacturing), resulting in innovations to produce advanced refractory ceramics.     

Influence of calcium additions on the compressive strength and microstructure of alkali‐activated ceramic sanitary‐ware

The ceramic sanitary‐ware market generates large amounts of waste, both during the production process and due to construction and demolition practices. In this paper, the effect of different amounts and calcium sources (calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)₂, calcium aluminate cement CAC, Portland cement PC) on the alkaline activation of ceramic sanitary‐ware waste (CSW) was assessed. Blended samples were activated with NaOH and sodium silicate solutions and cured for 3 and 7 days at 65°C. The maximum amount of calcium source‐type added to the system varied according to its influence on the compactability of the mortars.CSW was physico‐chemically characterized and the compressive strength development of activated samples was assessed on the mortars. The nature of the reaction products was analyzed in pastes, by X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy and microscopic studies. The results show a great positive influence with the addition of moderate amounts of Ca(OH)₂, PC and CAC on the mechanical properties. Among the typical hydrates usually observed in plain water‐hydrated PC or CAC, only AH₃ and a small amount of C₃AH₆ were identified in the alkali‐activated CSW/CAC blended pastes, which indicates that Al and Ca from PC, CAC and Ca(OH)₂ are taken up in the newly formed (N,C)‐A‐S‐H or C‐A‐S‐H gels.     

Calcium aluminate cement in castable alumina: From hydrate bonding to the in situ formation of calcium hexaluminate

Calcium hexaluminate (CA₆) is an intrinsically densification-resistant material, therefore, its porous structures are key materials for applications as high-temperature thermal insulators. This article reports on the combination of calcined alumina and calcium aluminate cement (CAC) in castable aqueous suspensions for the in situ production of porous CA₆. The CAC content (10–34 vol%) and the curing conditions ensure structural integrity prior to sintering and maximize the development of hydrated phases. Changes in physical properties, crystalline phases, and microstructure were investigated after isothermal treatments (120–1500 °C), and three sequential porogenic events were observed. The hydration of CAC preserved the water-derived pores (up to 120 °C), and the dehydroxylation of CAC hydrates (250–700 °C) generated inter-particles pores. Moreover, the in situ expansive formation of CA₂ and CA₆ (900–1500 °C) hindered densification and generated intra-particle pores. Such events differed from those observed with other CaO sources, and resulted in significantly higher pores content and lower thermal conductivity.     

城市污泥厌氧发酵残渣热解制备生物炭及其氮磷吸附研究

以污泥发酵前后的残渣热解制备生物炭,考察发酵前后污泥生物炭的物理性能及其对氨氮、总磷的吸附能力。实验结果表明污泥发酵有利于生物炭孔隙结构的发展,污泥发酵后制备的生物炭(FSBC)比表面积、孔体积均高于未发酵污泥制备的生物炭(SBC)。吸附实验结果表明,对于磷酸盐的吸附,3种材料吸附能力大小为 FSBC > SBC > CAC,对于氨氮的吸附,吸附能力顺序为CAC > FSBC > SBC,污泥发酵后制备的生物炭对氨氮和总磷的吸附能力较未发酵污泥生物炭明显增强。对于实际废水中氮、磷的吸附,其去除率顺序均为CAC > FSBC > SBC,其中CAC和FSBC对总磷的去除率分别为31%和27%,对氨氮的去除率则分别为7%和4%。FSBC与CAC对总磷和氨氮的去除率相差不大。FSBC作为污泥资源化得到的低成本吸附剂,有广阔的研究前景。     

醋酸纤维素氨基甲酸酯的合成及其膜性能的研究

研究了用甲苯二异氰酸酯对醋酸纤维素进行改性,合成醋酸纤维素氨基甲酸酯,以增强高聚物的物理性能和耐菌性能。探讨了反应时间、原料配比、反应温度、催化剂用量及产物分离用溶剂等因素对此高聚物材料合成的影响。对醋酸纤维素苯基氨基甲酸酯铸成的反渗透膜的水通量、脱盐率、耐水解和耐微生物的稳定性能的测试表明,经改性的醋酸纤维素膜具有较好的上述性能,是一种良好的膜材料。     

醋酸纤维素改性制备氨基甲酸酯超滤膜材料的研究

利用尿素对醋酸纤维素（CA）进行浸泡预处理，然后移入邻二甲苯惰性体系中进行反应。探讨合成过程中的影响因素，结果表明：预处理过程中尿素的质量分数为25％，预处理温度55℃，预处理时间5h，反应时间3．5h时，所得醋酸纤维素氨基甲酸酯（CAC）的取代度可达到0．1。FT-IR表征证明成功合成了CAC。用制备的CAC进行铸膜，CAC膜的拉伸强度及水通量要优于CA膜，并且随着取代度的提高，CAC膜的拉伸强度及水通量呈上升趋势。