防治水稻大螟及纵卷叶螟优良药剂筛选

为了筛选防治水稻大螟或稻纵卷叶螟的优良药剂,对5种供试药剂进行了田间小区药效试验。结果表明,在推荐剂量下,药后41d20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、5.7%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐水分散粒剂和0.1%阿维·苏云菌云菌可湿性粉剂对大螟的防效均达80%以上。药后15d,20%氯虫苯甲酰胺对纵卷叶螟的保叶和治虫效果分别为84.99%和92.02%。结论:氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐等药剂是防治大螟及纵卷叶螟的优良药剂,可结合纵卷叶螟防治大螟。     

生物农药防治小菜蛾田间药效试验

为了解不同生物农药及其与苏云金杆菌混用对小菜蛾的田间防效,选取5种生物农药以及与苏云金杆菌混用进行田间药效对比试验。结果表明:60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC、甜核·苏云菌WP 2个药剂对小菜蛾防效较好,各生物农药与苏云金杆菌混用防效显著提高。田间推荐使用单剂商品剂量及混用量为甜核·苏云菌WP 1125 g/hm2,60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC 675 mL/hm2,参试生物农药单剂处理用量加32000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌WP 750 g/hm2。     

甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒等多种药剂防治水稻大螟田间药效试验

为筛选防治水稻大螟的有效药剂,开展了甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒等7种药剂防治水稻大螟的田间药效试验。结果表明:30亿PIB/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒SC 1 200 mL/hm~2、10%阿维·甲虫肼SC 1 200 mL/hm~2、16 000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌WP 6 000 g/hm~2等3个药剂处理对3代大螟有较好的防治效果,且保穗效果良好。34%乙多·甲氧虫SC 450 mL/hm~2、33%阿维·抑食肼WP 600 g/hm~2对大螟有一定防效。100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌SC 1 500 mL/hm~2和20%阿维·二嗪磷EC 1 500 mL/hm~2防效较低。     

种子处理剂防治机插稻恶苗病试验效果

为了筛选防治机插稻恶苗病的浸种药剂,采用25%氰烯菌酯SC、16%咪鲜·杀螟丹WP等药剂浸种并进行田间药效对比试验。结果表明:25%氰烯菌酯SC对水稻恶苗病具有优异的防治效果,可作为咪鲜胺类浸种药剂的替代品种;16%咪鲜·杀螟丹WP与80%乙蒜素EC或25%脱臭乙蒜素EC混用可提高对恶苗病的防治效果。     

42.8%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂对甜豌豆白粉病的田间防效

明确42.8%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂对甜豌豆白粉病的防治效果。以甜豌豆白粉病为防治对象,采用田间小区试验法检测2种药剂对其防治效果。42.8%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂对甜豌豆白粉病具有很好的防治效果,192.60 g a.i./hm22次施药后的防效为98.61%。42.8%氟菌·肟菌酯悬浮剂对甜豌豆白粉病防治效果好,对作物安全,是防治甜豌豆白粉病的优良杀菌剂。     

水稻纹枯病、穗颈瘟总体防治关键技术的集成与应用

<正>纹枯病、稻瘟病是水稻生长中后期两大主要病害,对水稻安全生长和产量品质影响极大,在水稻生产上两病的防治一般都是选用各自对路的单剂进行混用,而能同时兼治两病的单纯药剂则较少,亟需进行试验研究与推广应用。新型杀菌剂吡唑醚菌酯、肟菌·已唑醇、嘧菌酯等药剂对稻瘟病、纹枯病均具有良好的兼治效果,为了进一步明确吡唑醚菌酯、肟菌·已唑醇、嘧菌酯等总体防治水稻纹枯病、穗颈瘟的田间试验效果及其关键应用技术,为大面积推广应用提供科学依据,2015年7~8     

防治水稻纹枯病的药剂筛选试验

为有效防治水稻纹枯病,对市售药剂进行了田间药剂筛选试验。结果表明:在水稻分蘖期与孕穗期2次施药情况下,240 g/L噻呋酰胺SC防效最好,在95%左右。325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯SC、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG能有效防治水稻纹枯病,药效在80%以上。18.7%丙环·嘧菌酯SC需提高剂量再进行试验。300 g/L苯甲·丙环唑EC防效较差。所有药剂处理对水稻均安全。     

水稻钻蛀性害虫药剂防治试验研究

为筛选防治水稻钻蛀性害虫的有效药剂,2016年开展了防治水稻大螟、二化螟田间试验研究。试验结果表明:10%阿维·甲虫肼SC 1 200 mL/hm~2、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 150 mL/hm~2、5.7%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐SC 450 g/hm~2对大螟的防治效果好。33%阿维·抑食肼WP 900 g/hm~2、5.7%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐SC 450 g/hm~2、10%阿维·甲虫肼SC 1 200 mL/hm~2、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 150mL/hm~2对二化螟的防治效果好。连续用药2次处理的防效明显好于1次用药处理,生产上应根据大螟和二化螟的发生情况确定防治次数。     

5种复配药剂对水稻纹枯病防治效果研究

为有效控制水稻纹枯病,延缓病原菌对单一药剂抗性的产生,采用随机区组设计,开展了5种复配药剂对水稻纹枯病的田间药效试验。试验结果表明,17%四氟·嘧菌酯SC、27.8%噻呋·苯醚SC、14%井冈·氟环唑SC对水稻纹枯病有良好的防治效果,防效高于生产上常用药剂20%烯肟·戊唑醇SC。5种复配制剂处理能增加水稻产量,与清水对照相比达显著性差异。在寒地水稻种植地区,推荐使用17%四氟·嘧菌酯SC、27.8%噻呋·苯醚SC进行水稻纹枯病防治。     

甲氧虫酰肼等药剂总体防治纵卷叶螟、大螟的试验效果

<正>近来,水稻三代纵卷叶螟均为中等偏重至大发生。同时,部分地区大螟、二化螟回升迅速,共同对水稻壮苗、分蘖和高产丰收影响较大。为了探索甲氧虫酰胺等药剂对水稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟、大螟的总体防治效果及其应用技术,并为大面积推广应用提供科学依据,受江苏通联植保公司的委托,我们于8月下旬在通州区平潮镇进行甲氧虫酰胺防治水稻纵卷叶螟、大螟的田间效果试验,取得了令人满意的结果,现将有关试验结果整理如下:     

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Pink Stem Borer, Sesamia inferens, in Comparison with Four Other Noctuid Moths

The complete 15,413-bp mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was sequenced and compared with those of four other noctuid moths. All of the mitogenomes analyzed displayed similar characteristics with respect to gene content, genome organization, nucleotide comparison, and codon usages. Twelve-one protein-coding genes (PCGs) utilized the standard ATN, but the cox1 gene used CGA as the initiation codon; cox1, cox2, and nad4 genes had the truncated termination codon T in the S. inferens mitogenome. All of the tRNA genes had typical cloverleaf secondary structures except for trnS1(AGN), in which the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm did not form a stable stem-loop structure. Both the secondary structures of rrnL and rrnS genes inferred from the S. inferens mitogenome closely resembled those of other noctuid moths. In the A+T-rich region, the conserved motif "ATAGA" followed by a long T-stretch was observed in all noctuid moths, but other specific tandem-repeat elements were more variable. Additionally, the S. inferens mitogenome contained a potential stem-loop structure, a duplicated 17-bp repeat element, a decuplicated segment, and a microsatellite "(AT)(7)", without a poly-A element upstream of the trnM in the A+T-rich region. Finally, the phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed based on amino acid sequences of mitochondrial 13 PCGs, which support the traditional morphologically based view of relationships within the Noctuidae.     

Effects of Genetic Modification on Herbivore-Induced Volatiles from Maize

Large-scale implementation of transgenic crop varieties raises concerns about possible nontarget effects on other organisms. This study examines the effects of genetic modification on plant volatile production and its potential impact on arthropod population dynamics. We compared herbivore-induced volatile emissions from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) maize plants to those from a nontransformed isoline following exposure to various types of leaf damage. When equal numbers of Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae fed on Bt and non-Bt maize, volatile emissions were significantly lower in the transgenic plants, which also exhibited less leaf damage. When damage levels were controlled by adding more larvae to Bt plants, the plants' volatile emissions increased but displayed significant differences from those of nontransgenic plants. Significantly higher amounts of linalool, β-myrcene, and geranyl acetate were released from transgenic maize than from non-Bt plants. Manipulating the duration of feeding by individual larvae to produce similar damage patterns resulted in similar volatile profiles for Bt and non-Bt plants. Controlling damage levels more precisely by mechanically wounding leaves and applying larval regurgitant likewise resulted in similar emission patterns for Bt and non-Bt maize. Overall, changes in the herbivore-induced volatile profiles of Bt maize appeared to be a consequence of altered larval feeding behavior rather than of changes in biochemical plant defense pathways. The implications of these findings for understanding the impacts of plant-mediated cues on pest and natural enemy behavior in transgenic crop systems are discussed.     

Thermal aging of bentonite‐filled ethylene propylene diene monomer composites

Bentonite‐filled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM/Bt) composites were prepared using two roll mill compounding method and the effect of Bt loading on the thermal aging, swelling resistance and crosslink density of EPDM/Bt composites were studied. The effect of in situ addition of different silane coupling agents (SCAs) on the above properties at optimum Bt loading of EPDM/Bt composite was also investigated. Thermal aging test results show that the tensile strength and tensile modulus at 100% elongation (M100) increase initially for 2 days aged composites and decrease slightly after 4 days of aging, meanwhile the elongation at break (E_b) decrease gradually with aging period as compared to the unaged composites. Upon aging, swelling resistance increase initially indicating increased crosslink density of EPDM/Bt composite due to post‐curing and reduced after 4 days of aging due to crosslink destruction and EPDM chain scissioning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4419–4427, 2013     

Optimization and effect of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane content on the properties of bentonite‐filled ethylene propylene diene monomer composites

The effect of silane coupling agent, 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) content on the curing, tensile, swelling, and morphological properties of bentonite (Bt)‐filled ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) composite was studied. The EPDM composites containing constant Bt composition of 30 phr and various APTES content (0, 1, 3, and 5 phr) were prepared using a laboratory scale two‐roll mill. The result showed that the cure time (t₉₀) and scorch time (t_S2) were shortened, whilst, the cure rate index (CRI), the maximum (M_H) and minimum (M_L) torque increased with increasing APTES content. The experimental results revealed that the optimum APTES content that led to the highest tensile and swelling properties was 3 phr. The presence of APTES greatly improved the dispersion of Bt in EPDM matrix and enhanced the interfacial interaction between EPDM and Bt. Morphological study through scanning electron microscopy revealed the enhanced adhesion between EPDM and Bt in the presence of 3 phr APTES. POLYM. COMPOS., 33:1993–2000, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Curing Characteristics,Morphological, Tensile and Thermal Properties of Bentonite-Filled Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM) Composites

Bentonite (Bt) with irregular shape and surface morphology was used as a new type of filler in EPDM. EPDM/Bt composites were prepared using a laboratory size two-roll mill by adding 0 to 70 phr Bt. The effects of Bt loading on curing characteristics, morphology, tensile and thermal properties of EPDM/Bt composite were studied. Scorch and curing time were decreased with 0 to 30 phr loading and increased subsequently at 50 and 70 phr. Tensile strength and elongation at break (E_b) were increased with increasing Bt loading from 0 to 50 phr and decreased at 70 phr, whereas the tensile modulus (M100%) shows an increasing trend with increasing Bt loading. Thermogravimetric analysis shows the enhancements of thermal properties with increasing Bt loading. Morphological studies of tensile fracture surfaces of EPDM/Bt composite proves good interaction between Bt particles and EPDM at 50 phr and formation of Bt agglomerates at 70 phr.     

0.1%阿维·100亿活芽孢/g苏WP防治稻纵卷叶螟和二化螟药效试验

室内测定了生物农药阿维菌素与苏云金杆菌对水稻纵卷叶螟的联合作用,增效明显,共毒系数为147.73,据此研制成0.1%阿维·100亿活芽孢/g苏可湿性粉剂。2000年和2001年作田间药效试验,每667m2用120g、100g、80g防治稻纵卷叶螟的杀虫效果分别为94.74%和95.08%、87.50%和91.80%、84.58%和86.88%;防治二化螟的保苗效果分别为84.61%和86.40%、79.71%和82.06%、73.50%和74.44%。该剂对高等动物毒性低,稻田使用有利于环境和生产无公害稻米。     

Bt菌株对小猿叶甲的活性筛选

筛选了 2 9种苏云金杆菌菌株对小猿叶甲幼虫的活性。结果表明 ,在 0 .0 5显著水平 ,有 1 2种苏云金杆菌菌株对小猿叶甲幼虫表现出不同程度的杀虫活性。     

Differences in Yields,Residue Composition and N Mineralization Dynamics of Bt and Non-Bt Maize

Cultivation of genetically modified crops may have several direct and indirect effects on soil ecosystem processes, such as soil nitrogen (N) transformations. Field studies were initiated in Northeast Missouri in 2002 and 2003 to determine grain and biomass yields and the effects of application of crop residues from five Bt maize hybrids and their respective non-Bt isolines on soil inorganic N under tilled and no-till conditions in a maize-soybean rotation. A separate aerobic incubation study examined soil N mineralization from residue components (leaves, stems, roots) of one Bt maize hybrid and its non-Bt isoline in soils of varying soil textural class. Three Bt maize hybrids produced 13–23% greater grain yields than the non-Bt isolines. Generally no differences in leaf and stem tissues composition and biomass was observed between Bt and non-Bt maize varieties. Additionally, no differences were observed in cumulative N mineralization from Bt and non-Bt maize residues, except for non-Bt maize roots that mineralized 2.7 times more N than Bt maize roots in silt loam soil. Incorporation of Bt residues in the field did not significantly affect soil inorganic N under tilled or no-till conditions. Overall Bt and non-Bt maize residues did not differ in their effect on N dynamics in laboratory and field studies.