中频炉熔炼合金灰铸铁中合金元素的烧损规律

凸轮轴是汽车发动机的关键零件之一,绝大多数乘用车的凸轮轴都采用灰铸铁或球铁制造.在我国,绝大多数凸轮轴铸造厂都采用中频感应电炉熔炼铸铁,了解合金元素在中频感应电炉中的烧损规律,对于获得化学成分一致的铸铁至关重要.     

激冷铸铁凸轮轴铸造工艺及断裂分析

某批次激冷铸铁HT300CrMoCu汽车凸轮轴装配时,近1/4的凸轮轴在中间轴颈处发生断裂,采用宏观、微观对凸轮轴进行了理化检测,并对凸轮轴的铸造工艺进行分析.结果表明,凸轮轴致裂的原因首先是由于Cr含量超标,强烈阻碍铸铁的石墨化,形成合金碳化物;再就是冬天气温下降快,浇注温度低,冷铁未作及时调整,引起凸轮部分全白口,轴颈也出现了白口组织.通过控制合金成分、浇注温度、孕育处理、过热温度和保温时间、冷铁的尺寸等因素,来控制石墨的形成,改善和提高凸轮轴的性能.     

基于正交试验-遗传神经网络的凸轮轴高速磨削参数优化

采用X-C两轴联动的加工方式,在CNC8325型超高速凸轮轴复合磨床上,对冷激铸铁凸轮轴进行了加工试验。采用正交试验法设计实验,并运用极差法和方差法综合分析相关磨削工艺参数对工件加工质量的影响规律。利用遗传神经网络算法建立了工件加工质量和相关磨削工艺参数间的非线性映射关系,同时基于正交试验法的分析结果改进了遗传神经网络算法,实现了相关磨削工艺参数的优化,缩短了冷激铸铁材料凸轮轴数控磨削工艺制定的时间,提高了磨削加工的质量。     

碳当量对Cr—Cu-Ni合金灰铸铁冷激凸轮轴铸造弯曲变形的影响

设计了碳当量高低不同的两组铸铁,浇注凸轮轴考察其变形情况。采用大量数据统计分析碳当量对Cr-Cu—Ni合金灰铸铁冷激凸轮轴弯曲变形的影响。对统计数据初步分析的结果表明,提高铸铁的碳当量,并将其控制在4．10％～4．25％,可以将过度弯曲变形（跳动超过1mm）凸轮轴的数量减少80％左右。     

铸铁凸轮轴的激冷与性能研究

研究了 EQ140激冷铸铁凸轮轴的激冷方式及铸造工艺、合金成分对激冷层硬度、激冷深度及金相组织的影响。试验表明,激冷铸铁凸轮轴具有良好的耐磨和抗擦伤性能。     

冷激铸铁凸轮轴三点弯曲断裂载荷的统计分析

采用直方图分析和Weibull统计分析相结合的方法,分析了TU5GP4型冷激铸铁凸轮轴三点弯曲断裂载荷的分布规律。结果表明:(1)TU5GP4型冷激铸铁凸轮轴三点弯曲断裂载荷的分布直方图属偏态型,标准偏差S=0.223,说明数据分布集中程度高,离散程度小。(2)Weibull模量为33.4,表明其三点弯曲断裂载荷集中程度高,凸轮轴生产工艺可靠性高。     

铸铁凸轮轴铸造技术及发展

合金铸铁凸轮轴已成为国内外轿车及轻型汽车应用的主流.介绍了铸铁凸轮轴的生产工艺及提高凸轮轴耐磨性的强化工艺,指出在目前生产条件下激冷法是使用最广泛的一种方法.同时.也介绍了凸轮轴在生产过程中经常出现的一些缺陷以及防止措施.     

冷硬铸铁凸轮轴铸造技术与控制

选择化学成分(W_B/%)为:3.40～3.65 C,1.7～2.0 Si,0.6～0.8 Mn,≤0.1 P,≤0.1 S,0.6～1.0 Cr,0.3～4.5 Mo,0.4～0.8 Cu的冷硬铸铁生产凸轮轴,并对工艺过程进行合理控制,从而控制冷硬铸铁的白口深度,达到凸轮轴耐磨的目的。     

富康轿车凸轮轴国产化生产技术

介绍了在壳型铸造的基础上,采用无合金化的灰铸铁成分、成型冷铁360°全周激冷凸轮及生产富康轿车凸轮轴的生产技术,生产出的凸轮轴材质性能满足法国标致-雪铁龙公司PSA集团GLA1冷硬铸铁凸轮轴材质技术标准,实现了富康轿车凸轮轴铸件的完全国产化。     

激冷铸铁凸轮轴及其加工技术

根据对凸轮轴常用材料的分析,选取合适的化学成分、组织性能和铸造工艺以生产激冷合金铸铁凸轮轴。凸轮轴铸件生产的关键是针对国内原材料来源,形成相应的生产技术和工艺。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.