化学沉淀法制备CeO2-La2O3-ZrO2陶瓷粉末

采用化学沉淀法制备了La2Zr2O7(LZ)和CeO2-La2O3-ZrO2(LCZ)陶瓷粉末。通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、X射线衍射、DSC及霍尔流速计等分析方法,对粉末的化学组成、不同CeO2掺杂量LCZ的相组成、不同煅烧温度下的相组成、高温相稳定性和流动性能进行了研究。结果表明:所制备粉末的组成与锆酸镧烧绿石相的组成相近;热处理温度600℃时粉末为无定形的混合氧化物,900℃时转化为复合氧化物,1 150℃时转变为单一的锆酸镧烧绿石相;高温下LCZ无明显相变;温度高于1 400℃煅烧后,LCZ的流动性显著改善,可用于等离子喷涂。     

稀土La对变形条件下低碳高铌钢组织和硬度的影响

应用Gleeble-1500D、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和维氏硬度计研究了变形条件下稀土镧对低碳高铌钢显微组织和硬度的影响。结果表明,稀土镧可显著细化低碳高铌钢室温组织,贝氏体铁素体板条宽度由8.78 μｍ减小到4.85 μｍ;并使M/A岛细小弥散分布,使低碳髙铌钢硬度提高51 HV5。     

镍酸镧陶瓷靶材的制备工艺北大核心CSCD

采用固相反应法制备镍酸镧(LaNiO3)粉体,利用常压烧结法烧结LaNiO3陶瓷靶材。探索了制备LaNiO3陶瓷粉体的工艺条件;利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析了固相反应热处理工艺及烧结工艺对LaNiO3陶瓷粉体及靶材的相组成及微观形貌的影响。结果表明:在氧气气氛中,900℃下煅烧10 h可获得纯度较高、晶粒细小的LaNiO3粉体;烧结温度为1100℃保温4 h时,获得了比较致密且晶粒分布均匀的LaNiO3陶瓷靶材,同时电阻率达到了0.52 mΩ·cm。     

铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷掺杂及制备技术现状

铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷因具有环境友好型、良好的电学性能、较好的居里温度等成为当前压电铁电材料的研究热点之一,广泛应用于科技、工业等方面。综述近年来铌酸钾钠压电陶瓷材料的研究进展,主要从金属离子及其氧化物掺杂、稀土离子,以及其他化合物掺杂等方面对铌酸钾钠的掺杂制备进行总结,从热压烧结、微波烧结及放电等离子烧结等方面对其烧结技术进行论述,从激光脉冲沉积技术、射频磁控溅射法等方面对其成形工艺进行综述。结果表明,对铌酸钾钠压电陶瓷进行掺杂制备及采取先进的烧结技术可以明显提升其电学性能,铌酸钾钠压电陶瓷薄膜和涂层的制备拓展了铌酸钾钠的应用范围,使其可以应用于国防、航空航天及通信等方面。最后对铌酸钾钠的发展趋势进行总结。主要从铌酸钾钠陶瓷的掺杂制备、烧结工艺及成形工艺等方面进行综述,对铌酸钾钠压电陶瓷在各领域的研究有一定理论与参考意义。     

盐酸法富集钨渣中的钽和铌

采用ICP-OES、XRD和SEM-EDS分别对钨渣成分、物相及各元素分布状态进行分析。结果表明,钨渣的主要物相为铁/锰氧化物、硅酸盐及石英,钽和铌主要包裹于含硅、锰物相中。在此基础上,提出了钨渣稀盐酸脱硅-浓盐酸深度脱铁、锰的钽铌酸法富集新方法。考察钨渣中硅、铁、锰、钙和铝等杂质元素的脱除规律,获得最优工艺条件。在最优条件下,钨渣脱硅率可达70%以上,铁和锰的脱除率可分别达到98.01%和98.71%,钽和铌回收率分别为86.57%和82.48%,富集渣中钽和铌的品位分别达到2.81%和9.23%,可直接作为钽铌湿法冶炼工业原料。     

KxNa1-xNbO3无铅压电陶瓷的常压烧结及其性能研究

以固相法合成了铌酸钾钠(KxNa1-xNbO3)粉体,采用常压烧结制备了铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷,研究了粉体相组成,烧结温度,极化电压与陶瓷致密度、电学性能的关系。结果表明:当x=0.5,烧结温度为1050℃,极化电压为3kV/mm时,可制备出具有较好压电性能的铌酸钾钠压电陶瓷(相对密度为94%,压电常数d33=105pC/N,平面机电耦合系数kp=0.39,介质损耗tanδ=0.29,机械品质因数Qm=45,介电常数εr=720)。随着极化电场的增加,陶瓷压电性能提高,当极化电场E=3kV/mm时,极化基本达到饱和。     

正铌酸镧颗粒复合增韧氧化铝陶瓷

采用热压烧结工艺制备了添加一系列不同含量LaNbO4相的氧化铝基复合陶瓷(Al2O3-LaNbO4),并对它们的相组成、显微组织和力学性能进行了分析测试.结果表明经高温烧结后LaNbO4相能够与基体保持稳定共存,并且对材料的烧结性能有一定的促进作用;LaNbO4相对氧化铝基体产生了显著的增韧效果,在适当的添加量下,相比同样条件下制备的纯氧化铝,复合陶瓷的断裂韧性KIC提高约80%.对LaNbO4相的增韧机理进行了分析讨论,提出LaNbO4相内部畴结构在应力作用下发生切换而产生相应应变,这一过程将释放材料内部应力,宏观上产生增韧效果.透射电镜分析显示了在多晶LaNbO4陶瓷晶粒内大量存在的均匀平行排列的畴结构.     

稀土添加量对20CrMnTi钢表面碳铌复合渗层组织及性能的影响

目的提高20CrMnTi钢表面硬度及耐磨性能。方法采用粉末包埋法在20CrMnTi钢表面制备了碳铌复合渗层。粉末渗铌剂组成为铌粉、氧化镧、氧化铝及氯化铵,渗铌温度为950℃,保温时间为5 h。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及微动摩擦磨损试验机,研究了不同La_2O_3添加量条件下,碳铌复合渗层的硬度、厚度、组织、物相组成及摩擦系数。结果不同La_2O_3添加量条件下,复合渗层主要由NbC相组成,厚度为23~28mm,硬度为2250~2950HV0.5。随着La_2O_3添加量的增加,复合渗层物相组成变化不明显,渗层晶粒尺寸先增大后减小,厚度逐渐下降,硬度先上升后逐渐下降,摩擦系数基本是先上升后下降。稀土添加量(质量分数)为0.5%时,其摩擦系数较低。结论粉末包埋复合渗铌渗剂中,La_2O_3的最佳添加量为0.5%,能细化渗层晶粒尺寸,有利于提高20CrMnTi表面碳铌复合渗层的致密性及硬度。     

KxNa1-xNbO3无铅压电陶瓷的制备工艺分析

采用同相合成及常压烧结法制备了铌酸钾钠(KNN)无铅压电陶瓷,利用阿基米德排水法测定陶瓷的密度,通过X射线衍射进行陶瓷的物相分析,使用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了陶瓷的表面形貌.分析了相组成、烧结温度和保温时间对陶瓷烧结性能的影响.结果表明:采用固相合成法制备的KNN无铅压电陶瓷为具有钙钛矿结构的固溶体;钾取代立方相NaNbO3中的钠使晶格发生畸变及晶格常数变大,引起了致密度下降、晶粒尺寸增大;在合适的温度范围内,延长保温时间,提高烧结温度有利于晶体的发育与长大;烧结温度过高或保温时间过长,在烧结过程中Na、K元素易挥发从而导致陶瓷致密度下降.     

镧对H13钢表面渗铌层组织及性能的影响

采用固体粉末包埋法和添加镧的渗铌剂在H13钢表面制备了碳化铌渗层,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射仪等研究了稀土镧对渗层组织及摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,不同La含量(0%～5%)条件下,H13钢表面渗层主要由NbC组成;适量La的加入有利于提高渗层的致密性、硬度及摩擦学性能;随着La含量的增加,渗层显微硬度先增大后减小;当La含量为3%时,渗层组织均匀致密,厚度达7～9μm,硬度较高(1669 HV0.2)。在相应的摩擦条件下,随着La含量的增加,渗层平均摩擦因数先降低后升高,稀土La含量为3%时渗层的耐磨性最佳。     

THE APPLICATION OF THE LAW OF MASS ACTION IN COMBINATION WITH THE COEXISTENCE THEORY OF SLAG STRUCTURE TO THE MULTICOMPONENT SLAG SYSTEMS

1. IDtroduction to the Coexistence Theory of Slag StructureA lot of paper have already been published in the field for application of the law ofmass action in combination with the coexistence theory of slag structure to the binaryand ternary slag systems[1--'1. In this paper3 some examples about application of both tothe multicomponent slag systems are given. First of all, an introduction to the coexistencetheory of slag structure is presented, then followed by some examples about its applic…     

Synthesis and Structural Determination of Nine-Coordinate K[GdIII(edta)(H2O)3]·5H2O

The title complex K[GdIII(edta)(H2O)3]·5H2O was synthesized, where edta denotes ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid. The crystal and molecular structure of the complex were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The crystal belongs to an orthorhombic crystal system and an Fdd2 space group. The complex anion [GdIII(edta)(H2O)3]- has a pseudo-monocapped square antiprismatic nine-coordinate structure in which six coordinate atoms (two N and four O) are from an edta ligand and three water molecules coordinate to GdIII ion directly. It can be predicted that GdIII ion can also form a nine-coordinate complex with ttha (triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid) ligand, so the GdIII complex anion [GdIII(Httha)]2- can supply a free non-coordinate carboxyl group used for molecular embellishment in some biological molecules to form a contrast agent of Magnetic Resonance Imagine (MRI) with targeting function.     

拓扑微晶转换法合成片状KNbO3粉体

以K2CO3,Nb2O5为原料,KCl为熔盐,采用熔盐法合成片状K4Nb6O17粉体,系统研究了熔盐含量、合成温度和保温时间对K4Nb6O17粉体形貌的影响。当熔盐含量与反应物的质量比为5:5,合成温度为1050℃,保温3h的条件下,能够制备出长5~100μm,宽5~10μm,厚1~3μm,边缘整齐且具有钙钛矿结构的片状K4Nb6O17粉体。以获得的片状K4Nb6O17粉体为前驱体,采用拓扑微晶转化法,在950℃下保温8h,成功制备出了片状KNbO3粉体,可作为制备织构化铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷的模板剂。     

Study on syntheses and structures of nine-coordinated mononuclear K[TbⅢ(edta)(H2O)3]·5H2O and binuclear K4[TbⅢ2(Httha)2]·14H2O complexes

The crystal and molecular structures of the K[TbⅢ(edta)(H2O)3]-5H2O (edta = ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and K4[TbⅢ2(Httha)2]+14H2O (ttha = triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid) complexes have been determined by sin-gle-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The crystal of the K[TbⅢ(edta)(H2O)3]·5H2O complex belongs to orthorhombic crys-tal system and Fdd2 space group. The crystal data are as follows: a = 1.9373(5) nm, b = 3.5429(10) nm, c = 1.2114(3) nm, V = 8.315(4) nm3, Z= 16, M = 630.35, Dc = 2.014 g cn-3, m = 3.683 mm-1 and F(000) = 5024. The final R and wR values are 0.0224 and 0.0557 for 3189 [I> 2.0o(I)] unique reflections, and 0.0245 and 0.0567 for all 8206 reflections, respectively. The [TbⅢ(edta)(H2O)3]- complex anion has a nine-coordinated pseudo-monocapped square antiprismatic structure in which the nine coordinate atoms, two N and seven O come from one edta ligand and three water molecules. The crystal of the K4[TbⅢ2(Httha)2]·14H2O complex belongs to monoclinic system and P2(1)/n sp     

氯酸钠氧化法从废氧化铝-铂催化剂中提取铂

本文采用盐酸介质中加入氯酸钠的方法进行废氧化铝-铂催化剂中铂的选择性氧化浸出,浸出液用锌片还原得到粗铂,粗铂用丁二酮肟沉淀除钯,再结合溴酸钠水解法来分离其中的其它杂质元素,可得到产品海绵铂.该方法有效可行,分离效果好,金属回收率高,产品质量符合国家标准.     

Bonding of Al2O3 ceramic and Nb using transient liquid phase brazing

The brazing of Al2O3 to Nb was achieved by the method of transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding. Ti foil and Ni-5V alloy foil were used as interlayers for the bonding. The base materials were brazed at 1423-1573 K for 1-120 min. The results show that the shear strength of the joint first increases and then decreases with increasing holding time and brazing temperature. The joint interface microstructure and elements distribution were investigated. It can be concluded that a composite structure, in which the base metals are solid solution Nb(V) and Nb(Ti) reinforced by Ni3Ti, is formed when the brazing temperature is 1473 K and holding time 15 min, and a satisfactory joint strength can be achieved. The interaction of Ti foil and Ni-5V foil leads to the formation of liquid eutectic phase with low melting point, at the same time the combination of Ti come from the interlayer with O atoms from Al2O3 results in the bonding of Al2O3 and Nb.     

等离子喷涂Al2O3涂层腐蚀失效机制

采用等离子喷涂方法制备Al2O3陶瓷涂层，研究 了涂层在不同腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性及其失效机制.结果表明，Al2O3涂层在碱性环境中耐 蚀性较强，在酸性环境中的耐蚀性较差，在盐类环境中的耐蚀性一般.陶瓷涂层在腐蚀介质 环境中工作时，因其内部非平衡相、夹杂物、残余应力及孔隙率的存在发生化学腐蚀.     

室温下Li-Fe（II）-P-H2O体系共沉淀制备LiFePO4的热力学分析（英文）

对Li-Fe（II）-P-H2O体系共沉淀制备LiFePO4进行热力学研究。在常温条件下,当pH值为0～11.3时可生成LiFePO4;而当pH值大于11.3和12.9时,会依次生成Li3PO4和Fe（OH）2。LiFePO4共沉淀的最佳pH值为8～10.5。考虑到低温条件下共沉淀前躯体向LiFePO4相转变的动力学速度较慢,对亚稳态Li-Fe（II）-P-H2O体系进行研究。结果表明,当共沉淀体系的初始Li与Fe与P摩尔比为1：1：1或1：1：3时,不能得到等摩尔量的Fe3（PO4）2.8H2O和Li3PO4沉淀;而当摩尔比为3：1：1、溶液pH值为7～9.2时,能够制备出符合化学计量比的前躯体。这表明采用共沉淀法制备LiFePO4的一个重要条件是溶液中要存在过量的Li＋。     

φ–pH diagram of As–N–Na–H2O system for arsenic removal during alkaline pressure oxidation leaching of lead anode slime

In order to illustrate the thermodynamic characteristics of arsenic during alkaline pressure oxidation leaching process of lead anode slime (NaNO₃ as oxidant; NaOH as alkaline reagent), the φ–pH diagrams of As–Na–H₂O, N–H₂O, As–N–Na–H₂O systems at ionic mass concentration of 0.1 mol/kg and temperatures of 298, 373, 423 and 473 K were established according to thermodynamic calculation. The results show that the existence forms of arsenic are associated with pH value, which mainly exists in the forms of H₃AsO₄, H₂AsO₄^?, HAsO₄^2?, and As₂O₃ in lower pH region, while it mainly exists in the form of when pH>11.14. High alkali concentration and high temperature are advantageous to the arsenic leaching. The alkaline pressure oxidation leaching experiments display that the tendency of arsenic leaching rate confirms the thermodynamic analysis results obtained from the φ–pH diagrams of As–N–Na–H₂O system, and the highest leaching rate of arsenic reaches 95.85% at 453 K.     

废感光胶片制备超细银粉的研究

采用Lu2O3/TiO2/Nb2O5作为ZrO2热障涂层材料的稳定剂,研究Lu2O3/TiO2/Nb2O5共稳定ZRO2(15％ LTNSZ)热障涂层材料在900℃、40 mol％V2O5+60 mol％Na2SO4熔盐中的热腐蚀行为.结果表明:8％YSZ热障涂层材料热腐蚀2h后,t相ZrO2全部相变为m相ZrO2,热腐蚀产物为尺寸较大的YVO4晶体;15％ LTNSZ热障涂层材料热腐蚀20 h后,m相ZrO2的比例仅为5.5％,热腐蚀产物为尺寸较小的LuVO4晶体.与Y2O3稳定剂相比,Lu2O3/TiO2/Nb2O5稳定剂使ZrO2在40 mol％ V2O5+60 mol％ Na2SO4熔盐中的抗热腐蚀性能提高1个量级以上.