胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤的诊治

目的 总结胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤（IPMT）的诊治经验,以提高对该疾病的认识和诊治水平。方法 自1993年5月至2000年8月共收治胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤患者8例,男性6例,女性2例,年龄33-72岁,平均54岁,患者均行B超和CT检查,均提示有不同程度的胰管扩张,5例发现胰头囊实性占位,5例行ERCP检查,发现十二指肠乳头增大和粘液溢出者3例,血清CA19-9值6.5-108U/ml(平均66.88U/ml),CEA值有1例为32.2ng/L,其余均为小于15ng/L。结果 8例患者中只有3例在入院时诊断为IPMT,除1命名中层得拒绝手术外,7例均进行了手术治疗（胰十二指肠切除术）,术后病理诊断胰头导管内乳头状粘液性腺癌2例、胰头导管内乳头状粘液性腺瘤伴局部癌变2例、胰头导管内乳头状液性腺瘤伴不典型增生1例、胰头导内乳头状粘液性腺瘤2例,术后患者均健在,最长1例已6年,结论 胰腺有囊性占位伴胰管全程扩张的患者应考虑胰腺导管内乳头状粘液性肿瘤,ERCP发现十二指肠乳头有粘液溢出者可确诊该疾病,术前要鉴别良恶性较困难,手术切除是最有效的治疗,术后预后良好。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤13例临床分析

目的总结胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMT)的诊治经验,提高对该病治疗水平。方法自1985年5月至2004年3月共收治IPMT病人13例,男8例,女5例。所有病人均有不同程度的胰管扩张,8例进行了ERCP检查,发现胰管扩张,胰液溢出5例。结果除1人外,其他病人均接受了手术治疗,手术效果良好。术后病理诊断为胰头导管乳头状黏液性腺癌3例;胰头导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤伴局部癌变2例;胰头导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤伴不典型增生2例;胰头导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤5例。结论IPMT与胰腺导管癌不同,ERCP有助于诊断本病,积极的手术治疗可获得良好的预后。     

保留十二指肠的胰头切除术的手术要点

1972年Beger首先实施保留十二指肠的胰头切除术(DPRHP)治疗慢性胰腺炎以来[1],由于该术式在切除胰头病变的同时,保留了消化道的完整性,更加符合生理,且创伤较小,提高了术后的生存质量,目前已经成为欧洲国家及日本治疗胰头部良性占位病变的标准术式之一.保留十二指肠的胰头切除术适用于慢性胰腺炎(肿块型)和胰腺的良性疾病(浆液性或黏液性囊性肿瘤、实性假乳头状瘤、胰腺导管内乳头黏液性肿瘤、胰岛细胞瘤靠近胰管无法局部切除者、神经内分泌肿瘤和淋巴上皮囊肿)[2],低度恶性肿瘤不需要淋巴结廓清,也可行保留十二指肠胰头切除,然而囊腺癌是否适合此手术还存在争议.     

胰头占位性病变的诊断与治疗

目的 总结胰头占位性病变的诊断与治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年4月中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的247例胰头占位性病变患者的临床资料.术前均行胰腺增强CT和(或)胰腺MRI等影像学检查.血清学检查包括AFP、CA19-9、CA125、CEA,对于怀疑自身免疫性胰腺炎的患者检查血清IgG4.临床诊断为胰头癌、胰头肿块、肿块型胰腺炎的患者行术中病理学检查.胰头癌根据肿瘤的分期及浸润程度选择胰十二指肠切除术、扩大的胰十二指肠切除术或胆肠吻合和(或)胃肠吻合术.肿块型慢性胰腺炎在患者及家属充分了解并同意的前提下选择行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术或胰十二指肠切除术.胰腺良性及低度恶性肿瘤应在肿瘤完整切除的基础上尽量保留肿瘤周围的组织和器官,行个体化治疗.结果 胰头实性占位性病变194例,其中胰头癌125例、胰头肿块45例、肿块型慢性胰腺炎9例、自身免疫性胰腺炎11例,胰岛素瘤4例;胰头囊性占位性病变53例,其中黏液性囊腺瘤12例、浆液性囊腺瘤8例、胰腺囊肿17例、实性假乳头状瘤12例、导管内乳头状黏液瘤4例.病理学检查确诊胰腺癌的71例患者术前肿瘤系列检查阳性率分别为:AFP为7.0％ (5/71)、CA19-9为94.4％ (67/71)、CA125为42.3％(30/71)、CEA为0.12例肿块型慢性胰腺炎肿瘤系列检查阳性率分别为:AFP为1/12、CA19-9为4/12、CA125为1/12、CEA为0.119例患者进行手术治疗获得病理学诊断,其中胰头癌71例、肿块型慢性胰腺炎7例、胰岛素瘤4例、胰腺结核1例,黏液性囊腺瘤8例、浆液性囊腺瘤4例、胰腺假性囊肿6例、巨大淋巴管瘤1例、淋巴上皮囊肿1例、实性假乳头状瘤12例、导管内乳头状黏液瘤4例.247例胰头占位性病变患者中,61例行胰十二指肠切除术,4例行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术,4例行胰头、胰颈部切除术,2例行钩突部分切除术,9例行肿瘤摘除术,38例行胆肠吻合和(或)胃肠吻合术,22例行ERCP+内支架治疗,18例行PTCD+内支架治疗,1例行剖腹探查,88例未行治疗.结论 胰头占位性病变的临床诊断及鉴别诊断主要依靠病史、临床表现、实验室检查及超声、CT、MRI检查.根据肿瘤性质、疾病种类个体化制订手术方案,对胰头良性及低度恶性的肿瘤应行个体化治疗,在肿瘤完整切除的基础上尽量保留肿瘤周围的组织和器官,术中病理学诊断有利于手术方案的选择.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺导管内乳头状肿瘤的诊断、治疗。方法回顾性分析我院2002年1月至2007年3月间收治的5例胰腺导管内乳头状肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果本组4例表现为上腹隐痛不适,慢性胰腺炎反复发作2例,1例体检发现。血清CA19-9值2例大于39U/ml,余正常。CEA值有l例为33ng/ml,其余均为小于5ng/ml。患者均行CT检查,提示有不同程度的胰管扩张以及扩张的胰管内有假乳头形成。肿瘤平均直径3.2cm,肿瘤位于胰头者3例,胰体尾2例。术前确诊1例,其余均为术后病理诊断确诊。3例行Whipple术,胰体尾加脾脏切除术2例。本组手术无死亡,随访肿瘤均无复发,本组生存满意。结论胰腺囊性占位伴胰管全程扩张的患者应考虑胰腺导管内乳头状肿瘤。ERCP有助于术前确诊;手术切除是有效的治疗,术后预后佳。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 总结胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的诊断和治疗经验。方法 对2000年8月至2004年2月收治的12例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤病例进行回顾性研究。结果 12例患者年龄13—53岁,平均29．1岁,其中女性11例,男性1例。肿瘤位于胰头6例,胰颈部1例,胰体尾部5例。无特异性临床表现。B超发现胰腺低回声实性或囊实性占位。CT检查发现胰腺低密度占位病变,增强扫描肿瘤周边出现明显不规则强化。血清肿瘤标记物均为阴性。2例行胰十二指肠切除术,3例行胰头肿物切除术及胰管空肠吻合术,1例行胰头肿物切除术,1例行胰腺节段切除术及远端胰管空肠吻合术,5例行胰体尾及脾切除术。对10例患者进行随访,平均随访时间14．3个月,均未发现肿瘤复发转移。结论 胰腺实性假乳头状瘤是一种罕见的低度恶性胰腺肿瘤,多发于青年女性,切除肿瘤后能获得良好的预后。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的诊断与治疗

[摘 要] 目的 提高对胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,IPMN）的认识和诊治水平。方法 对2005年7月至2017年3月洛阳市第二中医院普外科收治的19例IPMN患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 19例胰腺PIMN患者主胰管型6例（31.6%）,分支胰管型9例（47.4%）,混合型4例（21.1%）;12例胰腺IPMN行胰十二指肠切除术,其中1例行胰十二指肠并门静脉切除术;3例行胰体尾切除术;4例行胰腺局部切除术。结论 胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤是一种预后较好的胰腺肿瘤,早期手术切除疗效满意,预后良好。     

胰腺非浸润性导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤21例的临床分析

目的探讨非浸润性胰腺导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤的临床特征、治疗及预后。方法收集1999年1月—2005年12月中山医院手术切除的21例非浸润性胰腺导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤患者病历资料并对其进行随访,分析肿瘤的临床特征及手术治疗效果。结果21例非浸润性导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤中,男性17例,女性4例;12例为腺瘤,4例为交界性肿瘤,5例为原位癌;19例位于胰头,2例位于胰体尾;临床表现均以腹痛为主（11/21）,黄疸少见（3/21）,部分无症状（4/21）; CA19-9水平多正常（17/20）或仅轻度升高（3/20）,CT主要表现为囊性占位,其中5例可见病灶与主胰管相通。19例行胰十二指肠切除,2例行胰体尾切除,无手术死亡;术后20例患者得到随访,平均随访时间24个月,至随访结束,除1例失访,1例死于心肌梗塞外,其他患者均存活且未见肿瘤复发。结论非浸润性导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤手术治疗效果极佳,在其尚未恶变前予以切除能改善患者生存;对术后复发的评估可能需要长期的跟踪随访。     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床分析

目的：总结胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治经验，提高对该疾病的认识和诊治水平。方法：对1986—2004年中24例胰腺囊性肿瘤的临床病例资料作回顾性分析。结果：全组中胰腺囊腺瘤10例，胰腺囊腺癌6例，胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性腺癌3例。实性假乳头瘤2例，胰腺腺泡细胞囊腺癌、胰岛细胞癌囊性变及胰腺继发性囊性肿瘤各1例。全组男8例，女16例，平均年龄51岁。肿瘤位于胰头部8例，胰体尾部16例。手术方式为胰十二指肠切除4例，胰体尾切除15例，内引流2例，活检3例。胰腺囊腺瘤、囊腺癌、导管内乳头状黏液性腺癌、实性假性乳头瘤等的临床表现、病理特征、手术方式和预后显著不同。结论：不同病理类型的胰腺囊性肿瘤之临床特征和预后显著不同。提高对胰腺囊性肿瘤的认识对指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

微创手术在胰腺囊性肿瘤治疗中的应用(附236例报告)

目的:探讨微创手术在胰腺囊性肿瘤治疗中的可行性及安全性,并总结其适应证及优势。方法:回顾性分析我院自2005年9月至2015年7月期间接受微创手术236例胰腺囊性肿瘤病人的病例资料。根据手术方式分为机器人组(n=198)和腹腔镜组(n=38)。结果:机器人组包括:黏液性囊性肿瘤28例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤46例,浆液性囊性肿瘤88例,实性假乳头状肿瘤36例,手术方式为胰十二指肠切除术61例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术10例,胰体尾切除术85例,肿瘤剜除术12例,胰中段切除术30例。腹腔镜组包括:黏液性囊性肿瘤13例,导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤3例,浆液性囊性肿瘤16例,实性假乳头状肿瘤6例,手术方式为胰十二指肠切除术2例,胰体尾切除术36例。3例中转开腹(1例机器人胰十二指肠切除手术,2例腹腔镜胰体尾切除手术),3例因术中操作困难行手助式腹腔镜手术,其余病人手术均在全腔镜下完成。术后并发腹腔出血3例,内疝1例,胰漏80例(A级33例,B级38例,C级9例),经处理后无围手术期死亡。随访至今,无复发和并发症发生。结论:微创手术治疗胰腺囊性肿瘤安全、可行,术后创伤小、恢复快。机器人手术在胰腺囊性肿瘤治疗中有一定优势,在手术方式上提供了更多的选择。     

Demonstration of microcystic disease of the pancreas by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: Report of a case

A case of microcystic disease of the pancreas which was clearly demonstrated by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is reported herein. Cystic dilatation of the pancreatic duct was recognized by computed tomography scanning and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Furthermore, the existence of microcystic clusters surrounding the dilated pancreatic duct were clearly visualized by MRCP. These microcystic clusters were strongly suspected preoperatively of having caused dilatation of the major pancreatic duct. Based on these findings, a distal pancreatectomy was performed. The operative specimen showed no accumulation of mucin and no evident lesions in the dilated pancreatic duct, being inconsistent with the entity of a mucus-producing tumor. Pathological examination revealed that the inner parts of microcysts constituted columnar epithelium with mucus production and papillary growth. Thus, a final histological diagnosis of intraductal papillary adenoma with idiopathic pancreatic duct ectasia was confirmed. In conclusion, MRCP, being a less aggressive diagnostic procedure than ERCP, proved extremely useful for obtaining precise information on cystic lesions of the pancreas in this patient.     

Uncinatectomy: a novel surgical option for the management of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas

An intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) is a rare cystic lesion of the pancreas, comprising only 1% of all pancreatic exocrine neoplasms. The prognosis for these lesions is typically favorable as compared with invasive ductal carcinomas. Nevertheless, the management of IPMTs involves surgical resection due to their malignant potential. When located in the pancreatic head, the conventional treatment for IPMT is pancreatoduodenectomy. Some authors have advocated limited pancreatectomy for low-grade IPMTs of the pancreas, thereby decreasing the morbidity of more extensive resection. In this report, we describe our technique of minimal pancreatectomy, whereby the uncinate process and associated branch duct were completely extirpated while preserving remainder of the pancreatic head, duodenum, and pancreatic ducts. The case presented underscores the feasibility and advantages of minimal pancreatic resection in the management of such tumors.     

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??Surgical diagnosis and treatment for pancreatic cystic lesions??161 resected cases summary LI Ji, WANG Xiao-yi, FU De-liang, et al. Department of Pancreatic Surgery of Huashan Hospital; Pancreatic Disease Institute; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
Corresponding author: FU De-liang, E-mail: surgeonfu@163.com
Abstract Objective To explore strategies of the diagnosis and treatment for pancreatic cystic lesions by retrospectively analyzing the clinical and pathological data over the last decade in a single-center institution. Methods Clinical data regarding diagnosis and treatment of cystic diseases of the pancreas, their surgical treatment and follow-up, from years 2002 to 2012 in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University was retrospectively analyzed. Decisions and trends of surgical treatment for the pancreatic cystic diseases by incorporating with their clincopathological classifications were discussed. Results A total of 161 cases of pancreatic cystic lesion underwent surgery, including about half the cases in Pancreatic Surgical Department in the past three years. Postsurgical pathology revealed pancreatic pseudocyst (14.9%), congenital cysts (11.8%), serous cystic neoplasm (18.6%), mucinous cystic neoplasm (11.2%), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (19.3%) and solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (24.2%). Overall postoperative pancreatic fistula rate was 45.96% with Grade A 19.2%, Grade B 25.5% and Grade C 1.2%. There was no perioperative deaths. Conclusion The diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions has increased significantly in past ten years, specialized diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cystic lesions should be taken seriously because of their potential malignancy. Abdominal ultrasonography and abdominal CT/MR are effective diagnostic tools. Surgical resection is not only the preferred but also safe and effective treatment, especially with the preoperatively suspected pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and solid pseudopapillary neoplasm.     

胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治研究

目的 初步探讨胰腺囊性肿瘤的诊治策略.方法 回顾性分析我院近十年来收治的21例胰腺囊性肿瘤的病例资料.结果 21例胰腺囊性肿瘤患者中胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤11例,黏液性囊腺瘤6例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤2例,胰腺实性假乳头状瘤2例;其中仅7例患者伴有相应的症状和体征,其他均为健康体检时所发现.所有患者均经手术治疗,其中8例行胰十二指肠切除术、5例行胰体尾切除术、1例行腹腔镜下胰尾切除术、2例行胰腺肿瘤摘除术、4例行胰腺节段切除术;1例囊腺癌患者仅可行姑息手术,其余20例患者随访11～96个月,均未出现肿瘤复发或转移.结论 任何影像学检查都不能准确判断胰腺囊性肿瘤的具体病理类型;及时手术探查是防止肿瘤癌变的重要手段,除了已经获得明确诊断、肿瘤较小且无明显症状的浆液性囊腺瘤之外,都应该积极手术治疗.     

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??Analysis of clinical and pathological features of asymptomatic cystic neoplasms of pancreas DAI Meng-hua*, XU Tao, ZHANG Tai-ping et al. *Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100730, China
Corresponding author: ZHAO Yu-pei, E-mail: zhao8028@263.net
Abstract Objective To analyze and study clinical and pathological features of incidental cystic neoplasms of pancreas. Methods The clinical data of 126 cases of pancreatic resection performed for cystic neoplasms between January 1984 and June 2008 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. Results Among 126 cases of cystic neoplasms of pancreas, 60 cases were asymptomatic including 56 cases of benign and 4 cases of malignant. The benign cases included 28 cases of serous cystic neoplasms, 25 cases of mucinous cystic neoplasms and 3 cases of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. The malignant cases inclued 3 cases of mucinous cystic adenocarcinoma and 1 case of invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that gender, tumor size and radiological features(solid component and main duct dilation) were significant different between benign and malignant cystic neoplasm of pancreas. Gender was a predictor of malignant pathology, with male cases having a higher incidence of malignancy (3/11, 27.3%) compared with female cases (1/44, 2.27%; P=0.001). The presence of radiographic features (solid component and main pancreatic duct dilation) was associated with malignancy of cystic neoplasms. Tumor size less than 3cm in diameter was more common in benign, asymptomatic cystic neoplasms of pancreas. Conclusion Among asymptomatic cystic neoplasms of pancreas, the incidence of malignant cases is lower. The study suggests that if tumor size in asymptomatic cases is less than 3cm in diameter without malignant radiographic features (solid component and main pancreatic duct dilation) observation and regular folllow-up can be selected.     

Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Tumor of the Pancreas in a Young Man: Report of a Case

We report the rare case of an intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) in a man younger than 30 years of age. The patient was admitted with upper abdominal pain and an elevated amylase level of 662 IU/l. Ultrasonography showed a cystic mass in the pancreatic body and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed a dilated pancreatic duct with a filling defect communicating with the tumor. He was successfully treated by segmental resection, which seems to be the best surgical option for pancreatic body tumors since it results in long-term survival and preserves as much pancreatic parenchyma as possible. Nevertheless, it can only be done in the absence of additional nodules along the pancreatic duct. A pathological diagnosis of intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma of the noninvasive type was confirmed, and both stumps were free of tumor. Received: August 8, 2001 / Accepted: July 2, 2002 Reprint requests to: T. Tokoro     

Central pancreatectomy: single-center experience of 50 cases

Central pancreatectomy is a nonstandard operation for unusual lesions. This study reports a single-center experience of central pancreatectomy. Thirty-eight women and 12 men with a mean age of 49.4 years (range, 13.4-79.2 years) underwent central pancreatectomy from January 1987 to October 2005. Indications included 18 neuroendocrine tumors (11 nonfunctioning), 10 serous and 10 mucinous cystadenomas, 5 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, 3 main pancreatic duct strictures, 2 solid cystic papillary tumors, 1 hydatid cyst, and 1 acinar cell carcinoma. The proximal pancreatic remnant was suture ligated. The distal pancreatic end was anastomosed to a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop (n = 6) or to the stomach (n = 44). Three patients had associated procedures, 1 each for metastatic liver cytoreduction (VIPoma), hydatid liver disease, and pancreatic resection for multifocal mucinous cystadenoma. The median operative time was 3 hours 21 minutes (range, 1 hour 50 minutes to 6 hours). The mean length of the resected pancreas was 45 mm (range, 20-80 mm) and the mean tumor size was 23 mm (5-60 mm). The perioperative mortality was nil. Complications included the following: 4 patients (8%) had pancreatic anastomotic leak, 5 patients (10%) had acute pancreatitis, 7 patients (14%) had intra-abdominal collection, and 3 patients (6%) had bleeding. Six patients (12%) required a reoperation during the postoperative period. Eight patients (16%) required endoscopic (1 with biliary endoscopic stent) or radiological (7 with percutaneous drainage) intervention. No patients developed de novo diabetes. On long-term follow-up, 2 patients with invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia had recurrence; one was treated successfully by completion pancreatectomy and the other died at 20 months. One patient with serous cystadenoma died at 16.8 years without recurrence. One patient with metastatic VIPoma had a liver transplant 9 years postoperatively and is alive. The median follow-up was 55 months (range, 2 months to 16.8 years). The actuarial 5-year patient and pancreatic remnant survival rates were 98% and 95%, respectively. In our series, central pancreatectomy led to effective preservation of both cephalic and distal pancreatic remnants without a significant increase in postoperative morbidity compared with conventional pancreatectomy.