疏肝滋肾汤治疗女性腰椎骨性关节炎40例

目的:观察疏肝滋肾汤内服、外敷治疗女性腰椎骨性关节炎(LOA)的临床疗效。方法:将80例患者随机均分为观察组和对照组各40例。观察组采用疏肝滋肾汤口服、外敷治疗,对照组采用壮骨关节丸口服治疗,2组均连续治疗1个月。观察2组临床疗效及症状积分的变化情况和不良反应发生情况。结果:总有效率观察组为90.0%,对照组为77.5%,2组比较差异有统计学意义。腰痛、僵硬感、下肢痛及麻木、步行能力、直腿抬高试验、腰椎活动角度等症状积分治疗前后2组组内比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组未出现明显不良反应。结论:疏肝滋肾汤内服、外敷治疗LOA临床疗效显著,可改善腰椎功能,且安全可靠。     

疏肝补肾汤治疗女性尿道综合征疗效观察

目的:观察疏肝补肾汤治疗女性尿道综合征的疗效。方法:52例随机分成2组,治疗组26例用疏肝补肾汤加减,对照组26例用安定和谷维素。2周为一疗程,2疗程后评定疗效。结果:总有效率治疗组92.3%,对照组69.2%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:疏肝补肾汤治疗女性尿道综合征疗效显著。     

滋肾疏肝汤治疗肾虚肝郁型卵巢储备功能减退临床观察

目的:观察滋肾疏肝汤治疗肾虚肝郁型卵巢储备功能减退的临床疗效。方法:选取本院妇科诊断为肾虚肝郁型卵巢储备功能减退患者50例,随机分为观察组和对照组各25例,对照组给予坤泰胶囊口服,观察组给予滋肾疏肝汤口服。两组均以1个月为1个疗程,均观察3个疗程,比较两组患者临床疗效及治疗前后性激素水平变化。结果:对照组痊愈1例,显效6例,有效8例,无效10例,有效率为60.0%;观察组痊愈2例,显效8例,有效10例,无效5例,有效率为80.0%,两组有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗前症状评分差异无统计学意义,治疗后观察组症状评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前两组卵泡生成激素(follicle-forming hormone,FSH)、促黄体素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、雌二醇(estradiol,E_2)水平比较无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后两组E_2水平升高,FSH、LH水平均下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:滋肾疏肝汤可以改善肾虚肝郁型卵巢储备功能减退患者临床症状及性激素水平。     

滋肾定悸汤治疗更年期女性阴虚火旺型心悸49例

目的:观察滋肾定悸汤治疗更年期女性阴虚火旺型心悸的临床疗效。方法:将98例患者随机分为观察组、对照组各49例,观察组予以滋肾定悸汤加减治疗,对照组口服美托洛尔片、谷维素片治疗。2组均连续治疗15天为1个疗程,2个疗程后观察疗效。结果:总有效率观察组为91.84%,对照组为81.63%。2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组治疗后均未出现明显不良反应。结论:滋肾定悸汤治疗更年期女性阴虚火旺型心悸疗效显著。     

柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤加减方治疗绝经女性膝骨关节炎111例疗效观察

目的:观察柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤加减方治疗绝经女性膝骨关节炎的临床疗效和安全性。方法:采用随机对照方法,将确诊为膝骨关节炎的绝经女性111例,分为观察组56例,给予"柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤"加减方治疗;对照组55例,给予西药萘丁美酮口服0.5 g/次,2次/d,14 d为1个疗程。结果:观察组总有效率92%,对照组总有效率90%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用"柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤加减方"治疗绝经女性膝骨关节炎有效。     

补肾疏肝汤治疗女性高泌乳素血症54例临床研究

目的观察补肾疏肝汤治疗女性高泌乳素血症的临床疗效。方法将84例高泌乳素血症患者随机分为2组。治疗组54例予补肾疏肝汤治疗,对照组30例予甲磺酸溴隐亭片治疗。2组均1个月为1个疗程,3个疗程后统计临床疗效,并观察2组治疗前后血清泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E_2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)及黄体生成激素(LH)水平,随访1年,统计妊娠率。结果治疗组总有效率81.48%,对照组总有效率80.00%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),疗效相当。2组治疗后血清PRL水平下降(P0.05),E_2、FSH及LH水平提高(P0.05),且组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组不良反应发生率高于治疗组(P0.05)。治疗组妊娠率81.25%,对照组妊娠率57.14%,治疗组妊娠率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论补肾疏肝汤治疗高泌乳素血症疗效确切,且无不良反应,提高妊娠率。     

滋肾运肠汤联合西沙必利改善慢传输型便秘患者胃肠功能的效果研究

目的观察滋肾运肠汤联合西沙必利改善慢传输型便秘患者胃肠功能的效果。方法将80例慢传输型便秘患者按照随机数字表法分为2组。对照组40例予西沙必利片治疗,治疗组40例在对照组治疗基础上加服滋肾运肠汤治疗。2组均1周为1个疗程,4个疗程后统计临床疗效,并观察2组治疗前后、6个月后随访症状总积分及主要症状积分。结果治疗组总有效率90%,对照组总有效率75%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组疗效优于对照组。2组治疗后、6个月后随访症状总积分与本组治疗前比较均降低,比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),且治疗组治疗后、6个月后随访症状总积分均低于对照组同期(P0.05)。治疗组治疗后、6个月后随访主要症状(大便性状、排便次数及费力程度)积分均低于本组治疗前及对照组同期,比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论滋肾运肠汤联合西沙必利能够促进结肠蠕动,从而促进排便,治疗慢传输型便秘疗效确切。     

疏肝滋肾汤治疗膝骨关节炎临床研究

目的:研究疏肝滋肾汤治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:80例患者随机分为2组,治疗组40例患者予疏肝滋肾汤,每次300 m L,早晚各1次;对照组40例给予非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDS)美洛昔康口服,1粒/次,1次/日,连服2月,应用WOMAC积分表、膝关节X线评价,对比治疗前后、随访6月指标变化。结果:治疗组与对照组总有效率分别为90.0%、77.5%(P0.05);2组WOMAC评价积分均下降,但治疗组效果明显优于对照组;2组膝关节X线评分均下降,治疗组优于对照组,差异有显著性。结论:疏肝滋肾汤治疗膝骨关节炎疗效确切,能有效缓解膝骨关节炎症状,且副作用少,安全可靠。     

滋肾化瘀方治疗黄褐斑40例观察

目的:观察滋肾化瘀方治疗黄褐斑的临床疗效。方法:80例随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例,治疗组予滋肾化瘀方口服,对照组予维生素C口服,两组均以4周为一疗程,治疗3个疗程后评定疗效。结果:总有效率治疗组82.5%,对照组52.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:滋肾化瘀方治疗黄褐斑有较好疗效。     

柴胡疏肝散合六君子汤加减治疗胃脘痛40例疗效观察

目的:观察柴胡疏肝散合六君子汤加减治疗胃脘痛的临床疗效。方法:将70例胃脘痛患者分为2组,对照组30例予西医常规治疗,治疗组40例予柴胡疏肝散合六君子汤加减治疗。7d为1个疗程,2个疗程后观察比较临床疗效。结果:总有效率治疗组为87.5%,对照组为73.3%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:柴胡疏肝散合六君子汤加减对胃脘痛有较好疗效。     

A comparison on the metabolic profiling of the Mexican anxiolytic and sedative plant Galphimia glauca four years later

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Galphimia glauca has a long traditional use, and continues to be used in Mexico as a natural tranquilizer for the treatment of Central Nervous System disorders as well as for other illnesses.

Aim of the study

In 2005 the initial use of metabolic profiling to populations of Galphimia glauca resulted in two of the six collected populations being producers for galphimines, the markers for sedative and anxiolytic activities. The aim of this investigation was to confirm the previously established metabolic profile, as well as the previous in vivo results on mice. Additionally in this study we wanted to investigate potential anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

Four years later, we collected samples in the five localities designated for the first-stage investigation in 2005, and in two new locations. Metabolic profiling was carried out by means of ¹H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis applied to crude extracts from wild plant specimens. HPLC analysis was performed to confirm and quantify the presence of galphimines. Two neuropharmacological in vivo assays on mice were employed to study anxiolytic (elevated plus maze test) and sedative (sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis model) activities in the extracts. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by using the tetradecanoylphorbol acetate-induced mouse ear inflammation model (TPA).

Results and conclusions

The results for the 2009 collected species were similar to the 2005 collection, confirming the metabolic profiles and that galphimines are consistent good markers for CNS activity. Galloylquinic acid levels varied between the years without, as of yet, known effects. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was similar for all plants and thus not linked with galphimines, requiring further studies to identify the active compound(s). Areas of collection affect neuropharmacological activities but not anti-inflammatory action.     

关于针灸教材中穴位主治表述的探讨

目的：通过对腧穴主治表述的调整使针灸基础教材统一规范。方法：在教材中加入功效和对主治病种进行分类使穴位的主治表述具有逻辑性；简明的穴理研究成果介绍有助于学习者对穴位主治的理解。结论：无论从学习者对腧穴主治的掌握还是从针灸发展以及针灸对外交流等多方面看，对穴位主治的传统表述方式在正规针灸教材中有必要作出适当的调整。     

Traditional dietary additives of the Maasai are antiviral against the measles virus

Although ethnopharmacological investigations emphasize the importance of medicinal plants in developing countries, species used regularly with diet are under-investigated and potentially make greater contributions to health. Thirteen traditional plants most commonly added to milk/soups by the Maasai for perceived health benefits were tested for activity against measles virus (MV) using non-medicinal plants as controls. Antiviral effects of plant extracts were sought using a modified neutralization assay. Methanolic extracts of medicinal species exhibited significantly greater activity neutralizing MV in vitro in comparison to non-medicinal extracts (p<0.02). Four of 13 (31%) medicinal species versus 0/13 controls had measurable effects against MV in vitro. Olinia rochetiana (Olkirenyi) and Warburgia ugandensis (Osokonoi) extracts were most potent with the number of plaque forming units reduced 37- and 34-fold, respectively. Given the importance of monocytes in the dissemination of MV, we assessed the capacity of a subset of plant extracts to inhibit MV growth in monocytoid cell line, U937. MV output from U937 cells was significantly reduced by four of seven medicinal plant extracts (mean reduction 48 h: 39.0+/-26.0%, range 3.5-87%; 72 h: 56.4+/-29.5%, range 14.1-103.1%) (p<0.05). This study provides evidence that medicinal plants added to the Maasai diet may contribute to the modulation of viral infections.     

DNA barcoding of the Mexican sedative and anxiolytic plant Galphimia glauca

Ethnopharmacology relevance

Galphimia glauca (Malpighiaceae) is a Mexican plant popularly used as a tranquilizer in the treatment of nervous system disorders, although it is also used to treat other common illnesses.

Aim of the study

The aim of this investigation is to find out if populations of Galphimia glauca collected in different regions and ecosystems in Mexico actually belong to the same species by using the contemporary technique of DNA barcodes. Our previous metabolic profiling study demonstrates that different collections of this plant obtained from various geographical areas exhibited diverse chemical profiles in terms of the active compounds named Galphimines. We expected the DNA barcodes apart from indicating the different species of Galphimia would indicate the active populations.

Materials and methods

We employed matK, rpoC1 and rbcL DNA barcodes to indicate the different species. Furthermore to investigate the possible impact of the several different ecosystems where the seven populations were collected, thin layer chromatography was employed to create a partial chemical profile, which was then compared with the metabolic profiles obtained by ¹H-NMR and multivariate data analysis.

Results and conclusions

This study showed that the seven populations here analyzed contain at least three different species of the genus Galphimia, although each individual population is homogeneous. Interestingly our TLC analysis clearly showed that the active populations displayed a distinctively unique chemical profile. This work also showed that the use of DNA barcodes combined with chemical profile analysis is an excellent approach to solve the problems of quality control in the development of Galphimia-based medicines as well as for any breeding programs for this species.     

Effect of tongxinluo on vasoconstriction induced by the chronic injury of the adventitia in the rat carotid artery

Objective

Tongxinluo (TXL) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is developed on the meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine, with the function of alleviating the angina. The present study was undertaken to explore the molecular mechanism of TXL in treating the pectoris angina through observing the effectiveness of TXL superfine powder on the vasoconstriction and the activation of RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway induced by the injury of the adventitia.

Methods

36 male Wistar Kyoto rats were assigned to 3 treatments (n = 12): vehicle, TXL (400 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) and fasudil (15 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹). After 1 week of treatment, adventitia injury was induced by positioning a silicone collar around the right carotid artery for 1 week. Blood flow and vascular reactivity to serotonin were determined 1 week after injurying, the both sides of carotids were harvested for morphometry, Western blotting analysis and RT-PCR analysis.

Results

Adventitia injury leaded to histological changes of vasoconstriction with the lumen cross-sectional area of 44.7% (p < 0.001) decreasing and the media diameter of 62.31% (p < 0.001) increasing, accompanying by the reduction of the blood flow and the increase of vascular reactivity sensitivity to serotonin. Treatment with both TXL superfine powder and fasudil can prevent the development of vasoconstriction, improve the carotid blood flow and normalize the vascular hypersensitivity to serotonin. Adventitia injuring of the rat carotid increased the expression of Rho-kinase mRNA and p-MYPT1^Thr696 protein by 1.78-fold (p < 0.05) and >2-fold respectively (p < 0.05). TXL reduced the expression of Rho-kinase mRNA and p-MYPT1^Thr696 protein by 54.2% (p < 0.05) and 57.1% (p < 0.05) respectively in collared arteries. Fasudil restrained the p-MYPT1^Thr696 protein expression by 63.8% (p < 0.05) in collared arteries, did not affect the collar-induced the increase of Rho-kinase mRNA expression (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Treatment with TXL, similar to that with fasudil, can effectively prevent collar-induced vasoconstriction and vascular hyperreactivity to serotonin through inhibiting the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway.     

中药治疗膝骨关节炎临床疗效和安全性的系统评价

目的：系统评价中药治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效和安全性.方法：运用计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库2000年1月至2012年9月收录的国内公开发表的中药治疗膝骨关节炎的临床研究文献,并进行Meta分析.结果：共检索出590篇相关文献,通过筛选最终有32篇文献纳入研究,涉及2 950例患者.纳入文献Jadad评分普遍不高,最高分为2分;32篇文献均说明了基线资料具有可比性;3篇文献采用随机数字表进行分组,3篇文献按就诊顺序随机分组,其余各篇随机方法未说明;各篇均未描述随机分配方案的隐藏方法;l篇文献采用单盲,l篇文献采用双盲,其余各篇均未描述盲法;各篇均未描述病例失访或退出情况.对32篇文献进行合并分析显示,治疗组和对照组的有效率分别为64.01％和43.96％,治疗组的临床疗效优于对照组（Z =6.850,P=0.000）,比数比=2.35,95％可信区间为1.84 ～3.01.20篇文献提及对用药安全性的观察,其中15篇文献记录了患者用药后不良反应发生情况.治疗组不良反应发生率低于对照组（Z=8.870,P=0.000）,比数比=0.14,95％可信区间为0.09～0.21.纳入疗效分析的32篇文献及纳入安全性评价的15篇文献的漏斗图均呈倒漏斗形,图形两侧分布均匀,提示纳入文献发表性偏倚不明显.结论：中药治疗膝骨关节炎疗效优于非甾类消炎药,且不良反应较少.但由于纳入的文献在方法学上存在问题,Meta分析得出的结论有一定的局限性,中药治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效和安全性还需要大样本、多中心、随机双盲的临床对照试验来进一步验证.     

面向临床的中药标准化研究

本文从源自临床的几个中药基本问题入手,通过对中药标准的概念与范畴以及当今中药标准化研究的现状与问题的探讨分析,首次提出面向临床的中药标准化研究的重要设想。结合临床的中药标准化研究的核心目标和关键就是要建立面向临床的中药标准体系,包括药性标准、品质标准、用量标准以及中药调剂操作规程（GUP）,“使质量标准更加贴近临床,使临床标准更有科学依据”,为中医临床“用好药,用好药”与中药科技产业上中下游协调发展提供技术支持和参考依据。     

Acute and subchronic oral toxicity assessment of the herbal formula Kai-Xin-San

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. It has been used in the treatment of diseases including neurasthenia, Alzheimer's disease and neurosis.

Aim of the study

To provide information on the potential toxicity of KXS, we evaluated the acute and subchronic toxicity in rodents.

Materials and methods

In acute study, a single administration of KXS was given orally to mice at doses ranging from 19.67 to 60.04 g/kg. In the sub-chronic oral toxicity study, KXS was administered to rats at 0, 1, 3 and 9 g/kg for 13 weeks. Moreover, 30 days of post treatment (withdrawal study) was conducted. Mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, food and water consumption, haematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings and organ weights were monitored during the study period.

Results

In the sub-chronic study in rats, daily oral administration of KXS at the dose of 9 g/kg/day result in significant increase in WBC, lymphocyte, alkaline phosphatase, blood sugar and significant decrease in bodyweight, serum Cre, CK and CHO at the last week of treatment. Recovery except for the body weight was observed after 30 days of post treatment.

Conclusions

KXS is relatively safe for oral medication. The LD₅₀ of KXS was over 32.59 g/kg for mice. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was considered to be 19.67 g/kg/day for rats.     

Medicinal plants and their uses by the people in the Region of Randa,Djibouti

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The article presents the local knowledge on medicinal plants and their relevance in managing health problems. Important ethnobotanical leads are given with priority species and disease categories, casting insight on future phytochemical and pharmacological studies.

Aim of the study

The use of traditional medicinal plants has been an integral part of the traditional healthcare systems in Djibouti. However, scientific studies on the traditional herbal healing systems of the various cultural groups have never been undertaken. This study has, therefore, aimed at assessing plant-related ethnomedicinal knowledge of the people in Randa Region; prioritising the plants with respect to common disease categories and inferring about prospects of new pharmacological products.

Materials and methods

Interview-based ethnobotanical field study was carried out to document the plant-based ethnomedicinal knowledge handed down to the present by the oral tradition of people living in 24 villages in Tadjourah District of Randa Region (north Djibouti). Informant Consensus Factors (ICF) and Fidelity Level (FL) values of the medicinal plants were calculated to check the level of informant agreement and the healing potentials of the species.

Results

A total of 91 plant species that belong to 72 genera and 40 families were documented. Most of these species (92%) were collected from non-cultivated areas. Their local names and traditional uses in medicine were also studied. The plant family Fabaceae was represented by the highest number of taxa (17 species). Strong informant agreements hinted at good healing potentials of some species as shown by high values of consensus factors for eye diseases (0.98), mouth diseases (0.93), kidney problems (0.89) and microbial infections (0.84). Dodonea angustifolia, Solanum cordatum, Grewia erythraea, Acalypha indica, Acacia etbaica, Fagonia schweinfurthii, Solanum coagulans, Senna alexandrina and Grewia tembensis scored high FL values emerging as promising priority species for future pharmacological screening against microbial infections.

Conclusion

The results of this study may inspire further ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological research and investigations toward drug discovery in Djibouti and beyond.     

The effects of allitridi and amiodarone on the conduction system and reverse use-dependence in the isolated hearts of rats with myocardial infarction

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Allium sativum L. (DaSuan in Mandarin) is a traditional Chinese herb that has been used to prevent and heal cardiovascular diseases.

Objective

To study the effects of allitridi (an active constituent of Allium sativum L.) and amiodarone on the conduction system and on reverse use-dependence in the isolated hearts of normal rats and rats with myocardial infarction (MI).

Materials and methods

Male Sprague Dawley rats, with a ligated left anterior descending coronary artery, were used as myocardial infarction models to investigate the biological effects of the traditional Chinese herb. A single-phase electrode assay and isolated heart perfusion administration methods were employed to study and compare the electrophysiological effects of allitridi and amiodarone on normal and MI rats. Monophasic action potential (MAP) in vitro, effective refractory period (ERP) and monophasic action potential duration (MAPD)/ERP were measured to investigate reverse use-dependence (RUD) with allitridi and amiodarone. Moreover, bundle maps and heart rates were analyzed to evaluate the electrophysiological effects of allitridi on the conduction system of the cardiac muscles. Coronary flow was used to study the beneficial effects of the two drugs on the bundle of His in myocardial infraction.

Results

(1) Allitridi and amiodarone can reduce the infarction model of the His bundle (A-H, H-V) conduction and cardiac sinus rhythm in normal rats and isolated rat hearts. After washing in physiological solution (AK-H) for 15 min, the allitridi group partially recovered, but the amiodarone group did not recover. (2) Allitridi and amiodarone had no significant effects on the change of MAPD₉₀ or ERP in normal and MI rat hearts at different pacing frequencies (200, 250 and 300 beats/min), which indicated no RUD. In addition, the effects of allitridi on prolonging MAPD₉₀ and ERP were weaker than those of amiodarone (P < 0.01). The effects of allitridi on myocardial repolarization and its variation rate were also weaker than those of amiodarone (P < 0.01). However, the prolonged administration of allitridi still did not cause RUD. Allitridi and amiodarone can significantly increase the ERP/APD₉₀ rate of the isolated heart ventricles of normal rats and rats with MI.

Conclusion

We propose that allitridi and amiodarone have similar effects on the cardiac conduction system and on the electrophysiology without RUD, which may be the result of the use of multi-channel blockers, such as calcium channel blockers and IKr and IKs channel blockers. Allitridi may be a promising antiarrythmic drug.