Investigation of Carbohydrate Compositions for Poplar I-214 and Chinese Fir

Carbohydrates are main compositions for wood (Menachem et al. 1991). The chemical components of poplar I-214 and Chinese fir have been reported (Huang Luohua et al. 2002; Qin Tefu et al. 2003). Through the studies of carbohydrate compositions of poplar I-214 and Chinese fir, different composition of monosaccharides can be found in both poplar I-214 and Chinese fir. 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1.1 Materials Wood samples of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lancedata) and poplar I-214 (Populus…     

欧美杨新品种抗寒性的研究*

为了检验已培育出的适于我国华北地区生长的一批欧美杨新品种(以鲁克斯杨P.delt-oides cv‘Lux’(ex.I-69/55)简称69杨为母本,欧洲黑杨及其变种为父本)的抗寒性,进行了2年(1988～1989年)的抗寒实验。实验用自然低温冷冻、人工低温冷冻、苗木失水试验和冷冻后生长恢复试验四种方法,对欧美杨新品种及对照I-69杨和I-214杨的抗寒性进行了研究,结果是欧美杨新品种抗寒性极显著地高于母本I-69杨,接近或稍高于我国黄河流域广为栽培的I-214杨,遗传了父本欧洲黑杨的抗寒能力。实验为欧美杨新品种的栽培范围提供了可靠的科学依据。     

Natural Resistance of Two Plantation Woods Populus × canadensis cv. and Cunninghamia lanceolata to Decay Fungi and Termites

Natural durability of two plantation woods, Chinese fir and I-214 poplar, was investigated thoroughly by three testing methods, namely an accelerated laboratory decay test, a fungus cellar test and a field test. After the decay test using Postia placenta and Trametes versicolor, Chinese fir and the I-214 poplar showed 34% and 69% of mass loss, respectively, indicating they should be classified as slightly durable and non-durable wood. This conclusion was confirmed by the fungus cellar test and the field test. Like the performance in the decay test, I-214 poplar showed no resistance to termites either in the laboratory or in the field, whereas Chinese fir would be classified as moderately resistant. [Supported by Sino-Japanese Technical Cooperation Project Titled “Studies on Chinese Plantation Wood” (JICA PROJECT/033-1418-E-O)]     

Adaptation and morpho-physiology of three Populus deltoides Marsh.?×?P. nigra L. clones after preconditioning to prolonged waterlogging

The implementation of a management-protection program, using suitable cultivation practices, contributes to rehabilitating marginal areas prone to prolonged waterlogging and preserving biodiversity. Three hybrid poplar clones (‘I-488’, ‘Rimini’ and ‘D-64’) were tested to assess their degree of tolerance to waterlogging by imposing four water regimes over a 1?year period: control (C), non-preconditioned (NPr), and two levels of flood preconditioning (Pr₁₀ and Pr₂₀). During the 2nd?year, waterlogging (1.9?±?0.7?mg/l O₂) was imposed on plants from NPr, Pr₁₀ and Pr₂₀ treatments for 60?days followed by drainage. Survival rate, dry mass production, net photosynthesis and relative damage to membrane structural integrity were evaluated. The treatment response varied among clones and levels of preconditioning. Less pronounced damage to ‘I-488’ clones in comparison to those of ‘Rimini’ and ‘D-64’ indicates its superior tolerance to waterlogging. Preconditioning treatments (Pr₂₀) and, to a lesser extent (Pr₁₀), significantly improved the ability of the clones to tolerate flooding, suggesting that the application of a Pr₂₀ preconditioning treatment in the nursery before outplanting would give hybrid poplar clones the morpho-physiological advantages necessary to counteract the arduous conditions on inundated sites.     

Natural Resistance of Two Plantation Woods Populus × canadensis cv. and Cunninghamia lanceolata to Decay Fungi and Termites

Natural durability of two plantation woods, Chinese fir and I-214 poplar, was investigated thoroughly by three testing methods, namely an accelerated laboratory decay test, a fungus cellar test and a field test. Aft er the decay test using Postia placenta and Trametes versicolor, Chinese fir and the I-214 poplar showed 34% and 69% of mass loss, respectively, indicating they should be classified as slightly durable and non-durable wood. This conclusion was confirmed by the fungus cellar test and the field test. Like the performance in the decay test, I-214 poplar showed no resistance to termites either in the laboratory or in the field,whereas Chinese fir would be classified as moderately resistant.     

Natural Resistance of Two Plantation Woods Populus × canadensis cv. and Cunninghamia lanceolata to Decay Fungi and Termites

Natural durability of two plantation woods, Chinese fir and I-214 poplar, was investigated thoroughly by three test- ing methods, namely an accelerated laboratory decay test, a fungus cellar test and a field test. After the decay test using Postia pla- centa and Trametes versicolor, Chinese fir and the I-214 poplar showed 34% and 69% of mass loss, respectively, indicating they should be classified as slightly durable and non-durable wood. This conclusion was confirmed by the fungus cellar test and the field test. Like the performance in the decay test, I-214 poplar showed no resistance to termites either in the laboratory or in the field, whereas Chinese fir would be classified as moderately resistant.     

光辐射染色木材的变色规律及化学组分结构的变化

以I-214杨木染色单板为试材、氙光作为辐射光源,考察其在100h光照过程中表面颜色的变化规律;依据红外光谱图的谱峰位置和谱峰相对吸收强度,分析和确定光变色过程中染色杨木木材的化学组分。结果表明:染色杨木木材受光辐射易发生变色,其中酸性蓝染色单板的明度指数L*和色品指数b*变化显著,其光变色度显著大于酸性大红GR染色单板;若以波数1510cm-1为基准,非共轭羰基C=O振动的吸收峰(1738cm-1)吸收强度显著增强;共轭羰基C=O伸缩振动的吸收峰(1650cm-1)吸收强度有所增强;芳香环骨架C-C振动的吸收峰(1510cm-1)吸收强度明显减弱;C-O-H振动的吸收峰(1160～1052cm-1)吸收强度有所减弱。     

大连地区I-107、I-108等杨树新品种引进选育研究

对引进的I-107、I-108等11个杨树新品种，通过造林试验获取各品种生长、形质指标，以及抗虫、抗病性状等数据分析基础上进行了多性状选择。结果I-108、I-107、I-214等生长快、形质指标优良、适应性广、抗杨干象等蛀干害虫能力强，材积生长比对照(荷兰3930)可增益85．21％，为大连地区优良杨树新品种。     

Dyeability of Chemically Treated Wood and its Discoloration by UV-ray Irradiation

INTRODUCTION Wood is far from a stable material. One of the biggest challenges for woodworking is learning to work within the constraints of wood properties. Discoloration of wood directly influences the decorative performance of wood products. Therefore, the degree of color change is a critical factor that determines the utilization area of dyed wood (Sakuragawa Satoshi, 1996). Discoloration has occurred because the wood components and dye molecules are degraded by UV-ray (Kaneko Shin…     

杨树膜脂脂肪酸和磷脂的组成与抗寒性的关系

对一年生草本植物小麦、水稻、玉米等从生物膜膜脂的组成和配比的角度来探讨抗寒机理已有很多的报告,对多年生木本植物的研究还不很多。以前的研究结果大部分都支持了脂肪酸不饱和度与抗寒性的相关性,但各种植物也不尽相同,甚至有一些相反的结论。为了比较杨树耐寒品种和不耐寒品种在化学和生理特性上的差别,本研究用现代仪器分析方法测定了耐寒欧美杨(45杨)和不耐寒美洲黑杨(69杨)的膜脂总脂肪酸、磷脂组分的配比和总磷脂含量,为判别杨树无性系新品种的抗寒能力提供了依据。     

Genotypic Differences in Antioxidative Stress and Salt Tolerance of Three Poplars Under Salt Stress

To evaluate genotypic difference in antioxidative ability and salt tolerance in poplars, the authors investigated the effects of increasing content of soil NaCl on salt concentration in leaves, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and membrane permeability (MP) in Populus euphratica Oliv., P. popularis “35–44,” and P. × euramericana cv. I-214 (hereafter abbreviated as P. cv. I-214). Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations in leaves of P. popularis increased markedly over the increase of the duration of exposure to salinity, and culminated after 28 days of salt stress. SOD and POD activities declined correspondingly, followed by significant increases of MDA and MP, and leaf injury was finally observed. Compared with P. popularis, leaf Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in P. cv. I-214 exhibited a trend similar to P. popularis, but a lower salt-induced increase of MDA and permeability was observed and lighter leaf necrosis occurred. In contrast to P. popularis and P. cv. I-214, SOD and POD activities in P. euphratica leaves increased rapidly at the beginning of salt stress with a light soil NaCl concentration of 58.5 mmol/L. Furthermore, salt ion concentration, MDA content, and MP in P. euphratica leaves did not increase significantly during 28 days of increasing salt stress. Therefore, the increase in MP in P. popularis and P. cv. I-214 had a close relationship with a salt buildup in leaves under increasing salt stress. Salt-induced declines of SOD and POD activities might accelerate lipid peroxide and consequently resulted in ion leakage. P. euphratica rapidly activated antioxidant enzymes after the onset of salt stress, which might reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the subsequent acceleration of lipid peroxide. P. euphratica leaves exhibited a higher capacity to exclude salt in a longer period of increasing salinity, thus limited salt-induced lipid peroxide and MP, which contributed to membrane integrity maintenance and salt tolerance of P. euphratica. Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(3) (in Chinese)     

欧美杨新无性系-中保28、中保115和中保95的选育

当前世界各国的杨树人工林中欧美杨占有重要位置。到目前为止,我国栽培的欧美杨品种全部从欧洲引进。为此,从1979年起,用速生的鲁克斯杨(I-69/55)为母本,以抗寒、窄冠的欧洲黑杨及其变种为父本,经过杂交、选择和无性系测试林的比较,选出了中保28、中保115和中保95三个欧美杨优良无性系。共同具有速生、优质、抗性强的特点:主干通直、圆满、侧枝细、顶端优势明显、易于繁殖;木材气干密度和基本密度都高于本地推广良种I-214(母本因气候条件不适而死亡),平均材积超过I—214杨 52.2—33.5％;其遗传增益分别为38.6％、31.1％和24.8％;耐寒性高于母本,对病虫害尤其对溃疡病有高度抗性。为我国培育了第一代欧美杨新无性系。现已在河南、山东、山西等地进行区域化试验。     

Die Vererbung der Resistenz von Pappeln gegenüberGypsonoma aceriana Dup. undPhyllocnistis suffusella Z.

Zusammenfassung Die Resistenz von Pappeln, die in vorliegenden Untersuchungen verwendet wurden, gegenüberGypsonoma aceriana undPhyllocnistis suffusella scheint unter strenger genetischer Verankerung zu stehen. Die Daten zeigen, da? die Eigenschaften der Resistenz sich recessiv in heterocygoter Kombination mit den sensitiven verhalten. Klon „ I-455” scheint resistenter als Klon „I-214” gegen Befall vonGypsonoma aceriana zu sein.

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Summary The resistance of Poplars used in this experiment toGypsonoma aceriana andPhyllocnistis suffusella appeared to be under strong genetic control. It was presented data showing that the character for resistance behaves as recessive in heterojugous combination with the sensitive one. Clone “I-455” appeared to be more resistant than clone “I-214” toGypsonoma aceriana attack.

     

12个樱花新品种的耐热性研究

樱花是早春重要的观花植物,在城市园林绿化和美丽乡村建设中具有重要的作用.本研究采用电导率法测定了12个樱花新品种叶片在40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃、60℃、65℃、70℃下细胞伤害率的变化,利用Logistic方程,计算出其高温半致死温度(LT50),结合夏季高温后的热害等级数据,进行聚类分析和耐热性评价.结果表明:...     

杨树枝条韧皮部提取液对光肩星天牛羧酸酯酶的影响

分别用石油醚和甲醇浸提8种杨树枝条韧皮部，测定提取液对光肩星天牛幼虫羧酸酯酶活力的影响。试验表明：新疆杨石油醚提取液的影响与加拿大杨这间存在显著差异；新疆杨甲醇提取液的影响与毛白杨、山海关杨、I－214杨、北京杨之间，J－杨、加拿大杨与山海关杨、I－214杨、北京杨之间，存在显著差异。     

割地草在214意杨育苗中的应用技术研究

通过试验与推广总结出在杨树育苗中应用割地草最适施用时期是杨树芽苞未萌动前,最经济施用浓度为0.1%喷湿土表,除草效果90%以上,结合一次中耕除草,可基本免除人工除草。     

意杨害虫种类的调查与发生危害原因分析

系统调查了湖北省2个地点意杨林的害虫种类,共发现昆虫22种,分属5目16科.根据调查结果将意杨害虫分为蛀干、食叶、地下害虫及其它3类.其中星天牛和光肩星天牛为主要优势种,是危害最重的蛀干害虫.结合环境等因素分析了光肩星天牛等主要蛀干害虫发生危害的原因.     

欧美107杨伐根嫁接法造林技术与效果分析

在采伐迹地上,以意大利214杨的伐根做砧木,欧美107杨的1a生条做接穗,进行嫁接法造林技术试验。结果表明,该法造林具有成本低、适应性强、速生等特点。7a生的伐根嫁接法造林的树木平均胸径18.9cm,平均树高19m,单株立木材积为0.1562m3;而利用植苗法造林的同龄树木平均胸径为7.7cm,平均树高为8.4m,单株立木材积为0.0174m3,差异显著。     

杨树二元立木材积表的编制

据不完全统计,杨树人工林全国共有114.8万ha,为能进一步提高杨树经营管理水平,编制杨树二元立木材积表已成为当务之急。作者利用从1981年起经过5a时间测定与收集16个树种共6383株实测样木资料,编制了12个杨树二元立木材积表,供生产、科研工作应用。