中国粮食中长期消费需求预测研究

粮食中长期消费需求预测是粮食经济、粮食安全研究领域的前沿科学问题。本文采用面板数据分析,估计了4个人均粮食消费需求函数方程;通过时间序列分析确立了2030年和2050年中国的人口、收入、价格和工业用粮比例等重要参数;结合上述参数和估计结果,对中国的长期粮食消费需求进行了不同情景的预测和模拟。模型预测结果表明:未来中国粮食消费总需求将稳步增长,到2030年为5.6亿~5.8亿t,到2050年为6.1亿~6.5亿t;3种主要农作物的消费份额将发生很大的变化,玉米的消费份额增加,水稻和小麦的份额减少。中国的粮食政策应当根据经济形势和经济政策灵活调整。     

新一轮土地利用总体规划耕地需求量预测研究——以吉林省为例

耕地是土地利用规划调整指标中的重要指标,做好耕地总量的预测工作,对于保护耕地,实现耕地总量动态平衡具有重要意义.耕地需求量预测有数学模型预测法、粮食安全角度预测法、部门预测法和基于社会经济发展战略预测法等几种常用方法,以吉林省为例,运用数学模型和粮食需求预测方法,对全省2010年、2020年耕地需求量做出了初步预测,结果分别为551万公顷和547万公顷.以此作为新一轮土地利用总体规划期的吉林省耕地需求量.     

建设用地需求预测的理论与方法--以江苏省为例

研究目的:探寻适合中国土地管理实际需求的建设用地需求预测的理论与方法.研究方法:在理论分析基础上将建设用地需求预测概念以及三种可能适用于需求预测的土地经济理论数学化、模型化,并进行实证研究.研究结果:研究发现"十一五"期间江苏省建设用地需求与管理压力进一步增大,但适当的土地政策可以避免3-5万hm2的过度性土地损失.研究结论:加快先进分析方法与工具的创新与应用,提升中国土地资源规划管理的水平.     

基于指数平滑法的黑龙江粮食货运量需求预测

文章根据黑龙江省2004~2012年统计年鉴的数据,运用指数平滑法分别对铁路运输和公路运输的粮食货运量进行短期需求预测。通过预测发现,黑龙江在2014年和2015年的粮食货运总量及各类交通运输方式的粮食货运量分别处于上升趋势,黑龙江粮食物流需求将逐渐扩大。针对研究结果,文章总结了黑龙江粮食物流当前存在的诸多问题,并为提高该省粮食物流管理水平提出了相应的政策建议,在一定程度上为黑龙江近期粮食物流基础设施建设提供了决策依据。     

对调整粮食种植结构的几点建议

一、以科学规划、合理布局为依据指导粮食种植结构调整"应在现有粮食库存、粮食生产现状、潜力以及对市场需求变化的调查分析和预测的基础上,尊重自然规律,尊重经济规律,遵循可持续发展的原则,对粮食种植结构调整作出整体规划,在粮食供求总量平衡的基础上谋求粮食种植结构的优化和粮食生产的合理布局。二、以市场需求为导向引导调整。在市场经济条件下,任何商品都不应是越多越好,因此,要以市场需求为导向进行粮食种植结构调整。调整的重点是增加市场需求的短缺品种的生产,当然,对一些市场有需求的老品种不可一味地彻底取消。三、…     

基于Shift-Share模型的“镰刀弯”地区食增产结构变动分析——兼论玉米种植结构调整

[目的]"镰刀弯"地区玉米种植面积大幅度增加,粮食种植结构单一,为确保粮食安全稳定、多元化发展,需要明确该地区粮食生产结构中不同作物的变化特点和竞争优势.[方法]文章运用Shift-Share模型对"镰刀弯"地区的粮食作物生产结构和竞争力优势进行比较,分析了水稻、玉米、薯类、豆类以及其他作物的结构和竞争力优势差异.[结果]"镰刀弯"地区内部不同区域之间不同作物的结构优势和竞争力优势差异明显,其主要原因在于不同作物的播种面积和单位面积产量增长变动速度不同.[结论]"镰刀弯"地区粮食种植结构的调整,尤其是玉米种植面积的调减,应当充分考虑不同作物之间的优势差异,在满足可持续发展和市场需求且不形成过度供给的情况下,增加优势作物的种植,最终形成合理的种植结构和区域布局.     

面向突发事件的粮食应急保障研究现状与思考

从印尼海啸到新冠疫情,粮食应急保障越来越成为社会关注的热点.文章将粮食应急保障体系分成粮食储备与应急物流建设两方面进行分析,指出中国粮食储备系统存在储备品种少、质量差、储备主体不明、地区不平衡不匹配等问题;同时提出中国粮食应急系统最大的短板不是储备,而是粮食物流体系的建设,尤其粮食应急物流体系建设.     

农户参与电商行为影响因素研究——基于文献的荟萃回归分析

数字乡村发展战略和农业供给侧结构性改革背景下,如何提高农村地区电商渗透率成为理论界关注的热点问题,但鲜有研究针对已有研究成果展开对比分析和综合阐述。为检验有关“农户参与电商行为影响因素”现有实证结论和研究特征是否有关联性,文章在严格择取国内实证文献基础上,分别采用Logit模型和Probit模型对样本文献进行荟萃回归分析。结果发现,研究背景特征和研究方法特征是导致该研究主题结论相异的重要原因,其中“自变量个数”“样本量”“回归方法”等研究特征同步作用于总体显著性和单向显著性。因此,本研究认为该主题后续研究要着重研究指标选择、注重问卷设计和模型构建,以保障实证研究的稳健性和可靠性。     

上海市水产品市场价格规律分析及预测模型构建

为减少生产者、分销商风险,指导政府及消费者决策,水产品市场价格预测具有重要意义。以2010-2017年上海市七种水产品的批发市场价格为原始数据,构建时间序列模型,对上海市水产品的市场价格进行监测和预测,实证结果显示,上海市水产品周期和季节变化都非常明显,不同品种之间的变化差别也比较大;水产品养殖技术比较成熟,消费者偏好较稳定;Holt-winters模型对不同水产品价格预测存在差异,可对大宗淡水鱼、特种鱼进行三个月的预测,而对虾蟹类只能进行一个月的预测。     

基于三阶段SBM-Malmquist指数的粮食生产用水绿色效率研究——以宁夏为例

目的 农业可持续发展离不开粮食生产用水效率,探明宁夏区域内粮食生产用水特征有助于提高该地区农水利用效率,实现农业绿色发展。方法 文章以粮食水足迹作为投入指标,粮食灰水足迹作为非期望产出指标,采用三阶段超效率SBM-Malmquist模型,对2006—2020年宁夏18个县区粮食生产用水绿色效率进行了测算。结果 （1）受粮食产量、播种面积以及种植结构的影响,宁夏粮食生产水足迹、灰水足迹地域分异明显,由北向南依次减少;（2）不同粮食品种灰水足迹不同,玉米的灰水足迹最多,造成的污染最严重,主要原因在于玉米播种面积较广,单位面积施氮量大于小麦和水稻;（3）剔除环境因素后发现,环境变量会夸大综合技术效率,导致不同地区粮食生产用水绿色效率不同。结论 研究发现：宁夏粮食生产用水绿色效率高于平均值的地区,如银川、永宁县、贺兰县等,主要受技术效率的影响;而低于平均值的地区,如平罗县、同心县、泾源县,受技术效率影响的同时也受到技术进步的影响。为此,宁夏农业生产用水管理要因地制宜,分区施策,在加大技术创新投入的同时,重点关注单位面积氮肥施用量;继续推进节水型农业,实现粮食生产用水绿色效率的稳步提升。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.