Rb1、Rg1对肾缺血／再灌注血清诱导HK-2细胞凋亡中Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响

目的：探讨人参皂甙Rb1、Rg1在肾缺血／再灌注血清诱导HK-2细胞凋亡中对Bol-2、Bax表达的影响。方法：制备家兔肾缺血／再灌注血清（SIR）和对照组血清（SC）用于HK-2细胞培养,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡。实验分组：对照组、缺血／再灌注组、Rb1干预组、Rg1干预组,培养24h后免疫细胞化学法检测Bcl-2、Bax的表达。结果：与缺血／再灌注组比较,Rb1干预组和Rg1干预组Bax的表达明显下降（P〈0．01）,Bcl-2／Bax比值增大。结论：人参皂甙Rb1、Rg1对肾缺血／再灌注血清诱导HK-2细胞凋亡具有保护作用。     

OxLDL诱发大鼠血管内皮细胞凋亡模型的建立

目的　建立OxLDL诱发大鼠血管内皮细胞凋亡的模型。方法　SD大鼠尾静脉注射非氧化的LDL ,2 4h后取主动脉血管内皮细胞铺片 ,采用光学显微镜和荧光显微镜进行形态学观察 ,TUNEL法染色计算凋亡细胞比例。结果　( 1)静脉注射LDL组观察到明显的凋亡形态学改变 ,对照组未见凋亡内皮细胞 ;( 2 )静脉注射LDL ( 4mg/kg、 6mg/kg、8mg/kg)组凋亡细胞比例分别为 8 10 %、 18 92 %、 2 2 0 3 % ,三组间有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　 ( 1)尾静脉注射LDL后 2 4h可引起血管内皮细胞凋亡 ;( 2 )静脉注射LDL引起大鼠血管内皮细胞凋亡呈剂量依赖性     

人参皂甙Rg1对人慢性粒细胞白血病p210 bcr/abl融合蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究人参皂甙Rg1对人慢性髓细胞白血病敏感株K562细胞p210 ber/abl融合蛋白表达的影响.方法:体外培养K562细胞,经人参皂甙Rg1处理不同时间后,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;用Western印迹技术检测细胞内p210ber/abl融合蛋白表达.结果:人参皂甙Rg1可诱导细胞凋亡,凋亡率并随时间延长而升高;人参皂甙Rg1可下调p210 bcr/abl蛋白表达量,并具时间依赖性.结论:人参皂甙Rg1可通过降低p210 ber/abl蛋白水平来诱导K562细胞凋亡,达到有效抗人慢性髓细胞白血病的效果.     

内皮抑素对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC) 及体外微血管 模型的作用及其可能的机制

目的：探讨内皮抑素对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）及体外微血管模型的作用及其可能的机制。方法：1．MTT法检测不同浓度（10～50μg／ml）内皮抑素作用72h和30μg／ml内皮抑素作用不同时间（24～72h）对HUVEC细胞的影响;2、电镜观察HUVEC细胞超微结构的变化;3．光镜下观察内皮抑素（30μg／ml）对体外人造血管模型的影响。结果：1．MTT检测显示,内皮抑素（20～50μg／ml）能抑制HUVEC细胞的增殖（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,具有剂量-时间依赖性。2．电镜观察,HUVEC细胞内皮抑素作用组均出现凋亡改变。3．光镜观察,内皮抑素能抑制新生血管的形成,并能破坏新生的血管网。结论：内皮抑素能抑制人脐静脉血管内皮细胞HUVEC的增殖,并具有时间一剂量依赖性,机制可能为诱导细胞凋亡。提示,内皮抑素可能通过诱导HUVEC的凋亡抑制其增殖,并能破坏新生的血管。内皮抑素可能以此抑制机体肿瘤的生长与转移。     

人参皂甙 Rb1与Re对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察人参皂甙Rb1与Re对缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响,并比较两者的效应差异.方法结扎Wistar大鼠左冠状动脉前降支,建立大鼠缺血再灌注动物模型;采用透射电镜、缺口末端标记法检测心肌凋亡细胞,利用光学显微镜进行细胞计数.结果 (1)透射电镜发现缺血再灌注组缺血区出现心肌凋亡细胞,假手术组未发现心肌凋亡细胞;(2)缺血再灌注组心肌细胞凋亡数为134.45±45.61个/视野,人参皂甙Rb1治疗组51.65±13.71个/视野,人参皂甙Re治疗组90.66±19.22个/视野,三组间有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).结论心肌缺血再灌注诱导心肌细胞凋亡,人参皂甙Rb1和Re均可显著减少缺血再灌注心肌细胞的凋亡.证实人参皂甙Rb1与Re均有抑制缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡,减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用;人参皂甙Rb1的抗心肌细胞凋亡作用较Re的效果为佳.     

自噬对高糖诱导的人冠状动脉内皮细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的:研究自噬对高糖诱导的人冠状动脉内皮细胞凋亡的影响。方法:将人冠状动脉内皮细胞,分别用常规培养基(正常对照组)、含30 mmol/L D-葡萄糖的高糖培养基(高糖组)、高糖培养基合并雷帕霉素(Rapamycin,RAPA;100 nmol/L)干预(RAPA组)和高糖培养基合并3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-Methyladenine,3-MA,5 mmol/L)干预(3-MA组)培养。利用CCK-8法检测细胞生长活力,使用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平,western blot检测细胞自噬标记蛋白(Beclin1)的表达水平。结果:(1)高糖溶液刺激内皮细胞24 h后,细胞生长活力为正常组的55.0%(P0.01),自噬标记蛋白Beclin1的表达水平明显增加,凋亡水平为正常组的2.0倍;(2)与高糖组相比,RAPA组细胞生长活力明显增加,Beclin1的表达明显升高(P0.01),凋亡水平为高糖组的70.1%;(3)与高糖组相比,3-MA组细胞生长活力明显减少,Beclin1的表达明显降低(P0.01),凋亡水平为高糖组的1.42倍。结论:细胞自噬可能对高糖诱导的人冠状动脉内皮细胞具有凋亡保护作用。     

槲皮素对血管内皮细胞增殖和迁移的抑制作用

本实验研究了槲皮素对人脐静脉内皮细胞株(ECV304)增殖和迁移的抑制作用。研究发现,槲皮素作用一定的时间后,能明显抑制ECV304细胞的增殖(IC50为50．08μg/ml)和迁移(IC50为7．84μg／ml),而且其抑制作用呈浓度依赖性;细胞出现凋亡形态学改变,琼脂糖凝胶电泳形成DNA条带,推测其诱导细胞发生了凋亡。     

人参皂甙Rg1、肉桂酸和丹参酮IIA组合对成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞增殖与相关基因表达的影响

研究中药有效成分人参皂甙Rg1、肉桂酸和丹参酮IIA组合对人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞增殖抑制和相关基因表达影响,探索其对肿瘤细胞的生物学效应.以33 μg/ml人参皂甙Rg1、296.32 μgml肉桂酸和0.3 μg/ml丹参酮IIA的组合(简称RCT)处理人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞,以肿瘤细胞分化诱导物HMBA处理MG-63细胞为平行对照,用流式细胞仪、免疫细胞化学检测及光镜观察系统研究RCT组合对MG-63细胞的作用.生长曲线及细胞周期检测显示RCT组合可显著抑制MG-63细胞的增殖,细胞生长抑制率达72.37%,细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期;免疫细胞化学检测显示RCT组合处理后MG-63细胞的癌基因c-fos、c-myc表达下调,抑癌基因p27、Rb表达上调.RCT组合对MG-63细胞增殖及相关基因表达的影响与分化诱导物六亚甲基双乙酰胺(HMBA)处理组相似.     

氧化应激诱导内皮细胞凋亡microRNA表达改变的研究

目的:研究氧化应激诱导的内皮细胞micro RNA的表达变化。方法:ECM(Endothelial Cell Medium)培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,利用不同浓度双氧水(0μmol/L,200μmol/L,500μmol/L,800μmol/L)刺激24小时后应用流式细胞术检测其凋亡水平。提取细胞总RNA,利用实时定量PCR(Quantitive real-time PCR;q RT-PCR)检测micro RNA表达量变化,并利用生物信息学软件预测可能的靶基因。结果:加入不同浓度双氧水处理24 h后的内皮细胞总凋亡率均显著高于对照组,200μmol/L、500μmol/L和800μmol/L组的凋亡率分别为(13.31%vs 4.75%,35.9%vs 4.75%,89.75%vs 4.75%,P0.01)。200μmol/L的双氧水处理内皮细胞后,micro RNA的表达出现了明显的改变。其中mi R-92a、mi R-126的表达明显下调(P0.05),mi R-181a、mi R-217、mi R-34a和mi R-320的表达明显上调(P0.05)。靶基因预测显示mi R-320、mi R-92a可能调控多个和内皮细胞凋亡相关的基因表达。结论:在氧化应激诱导的内皮细胞凋亡中,mi RNA表达发生改变并可能参与调控内皮细胞功能。     

人参皂苷Rg1对阿尔茨海默症大鼠BDNF⁃TrkB信号通路的影响

为了探究人参皂苷Rg1对阿尔茨海默症（Alzheimer's disease, AD）大鼠模型脑源性神经营养因子/酪氨酸激酶受体B（BDNF-TrkB）信号通路的影响,选取75只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、低剂量Rg1组、中剂量Rg1组及高剂量Rg1组,每组15只。取各组大鼠脑组织制备脑片,除空白对照组外,其他组加入Aβ1-42试剂制备AD模型,低剂量Rg1组、中剂量Rg1组和高剂量Rg1组分别使用60、120、240 μmol·L^-1 Rg1处理。采用HE染色观察脑组织病理损伤,TUNEL染色检测脑组织细胞凋亡,比色法测定脑片中乙酰胆碱（acetylcholine,Ach）、5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）水平和乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase,TChE）活力,蛋白质印迹法检测各组脑片中切割后半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3（Cleaved Caspase-3）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（B cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关蛋白X（Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax）及BDNF-TrkB信号通路相关蛋白表达情况。与空白对照组相比,模型组脑组织细胞凋亡数、Cleaved Caspase-3、Bax/Bcl-2及TChE水平显著增加,5-HT、Ach、BDNF及TrkB蛋白表达量显著降低（P<0.05）;与模型组相比,低剂量Rg1组、中剂量Rg1组和高剂量Rg1组脑组织细胞凋亡数、Cleaved Caspase-3、Bax/Bcl-2及TChE水平显著降低,5-HT、Ach、BDNF及TrkB蛋白表达量显著增加（P<0.05）,且具有剂量依赖性。人参皂苷Rg1可有效保护阿尔茨海默症模型大鼠脑组织,抑制神经细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与激活BDNF-TrkB信号通路相关。通过分析人参皂苷Rg1对AD大鼠模型的保护机制,以期为人参皂苷Rg1用于治疗AD奠定理论基础。     

The multiple personality disorder phenotype(s) of circulating endothelial cells in cancer

Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating endothelial progenitors (CEPs) are currently being investigated in a variety of diseases as markers of vascular turnover or damage and, also in the case of CEPs, vasculogenesis. CEPs appear to have a “catalytic” role in different steps of cancer progression and recurrence after therapy, and there are preclinical and clinical data suggesting that CEC enumeration might be useful to select and stratify patients who are candidates for anti-angiogenic treatments. In some types of cancer, CECs and CEPs might be one of the possible hidden identities of cancer stem cells. The definition of CEC and CEP phenotype and the standardization of CEC and CEP enumeration strategies are highly desirable goals in order to exploit these cells as reliable biomarkers in oncology clinical trials.     

New approach to improving endothelial preservation in cryopreserved arterial substitutes

The endothelial loss provoked by the methods of vascular cryopreservation used at most human vessel banks is one of the main factors leading to the failure of grafting procedures performed using cryopreserved vessel substitutes. This study evaluates the effects of the storage temperature and thawing protocol on the endothelial cell loss suffered by cryopreserved vessels, and optimises the thawing temperature and protocol for cryopreserving arterial grafts in terms of that producing least endothelial loss. Segments of the common iliac artery of the minipig (n = 20) were frozen at a temperature reduction rate of 1 degrees C/min in a biological freezer. After storing the arterial fragments for 30 days, study groups were established according to the storage temperature (-80, -145 or -196 degrees C) and subsequent thawing procedure (slow or rapid thawing). Fresh vessel segments served as the control group. Once thawed, the specimens were examined by light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. The covered endothelial surface was determined by image analysis. Data for the different groups were compared by one way ANOVA. When cryopreservation at each of the storage temperatures was followed by slow thawing, the endothelial cells showed improved morphological features and viability over those of specimens subjected to rapid thawing. Rapidly thawed endothelial cells showed irreversible ultrastructural damage such as mitochondrial dilation and rupture, reticular fragmentation, and peripheral nuclear condensation. In contrast, slow thawing gave rise to changes compatible with reversible damage in a large proportion of the endothelial cells: general swelling, reticular dilation, mitochondrial swelling, and nuclear chromatin condensation. Gradually thawed cryopreserved arteries showed a lower proportion of damaged cells identified by the TUNEL method compared to the corresponding rapidly thawed specimens (p < 0.05, for all temperatures). In all the groups in which vessels underwent rapid thawing (except at -145 degrees C), significant differences (p < 0.05) in endothelial cover values were recorded with respect to control groups. Storage of cryopreserved vessels at -80 degrees C followed by rapid thawing led to greatest endothelial cell loss (61.36+/-9.06% covered endothelial surface), while a temperature of -145 degrees C followed by slow thawing was best at preserving the endothelium of the vessel wall (89.38+/-16.67% surface cover). In conclusion, storage at a temperature of -145 degrees C in nitrogen vapour followed by gradual automated thawing seems to be the best way of preserving the endothelial surface of the arterial cryograft. This method gives rise to best endothelial cell viability and cover values, with obvious benefits for subsequent grafting.     

Proteome of endothelial cell-derived procoagulant microparticles

Microparticles (MP) are small membrane vesicles that are released from cells upon activation or during apoptosis. Cellular MP in body fluids constitute a heterogeneous population, differing in cellular origin, numbers, size, antigenic composition and functional properties. MP support coagulation by exposure of tissue factor (TF), the initiator of coagulation in vivo. Moreover, MP may transfer bioactive molecules to other cells, thereby stimulating them to produce cytokines, cell-adhesion molecules, growth factors and TF, and modulate endothelial functions. However, a comprehensive characterization of the antigenic composition of MP has been poorly defined. This study describes the protein composition of endothelial cell (EC)-derived MP (EMP) using a proteomic approach. MS analysis indicated the presence of newly described protein such as metabolic enzymes, proteins involved in adhesion and fusion processes, members of protein folding event, cytoskeleton associated proteins and nucleosome. In conclusion, circulating EMP behave as an actual storage pool, able to disseminate blood-borne TF activity and other bioactive effectors, as confirmed by our experiments showing an increased procoagulant activity of EC exposed to EMP.     

Blockade of geranylgeranylation by rosuvastatin upregulates eNOS expression in human venous endothelial cells

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Positive effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) on the improvement of endothelial dysfunction have been shown. We investigated the effects of rosuvastatin and isoprenoid metabolites on endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein expression in human umbilical venous endothelial cells after exposure to 10(-8)-10(-5) mol/l rosuvastatin for 8 and 12 h. Cell viability was not significantly altered after exposure to the statin for 12h. In a concentration-dependent manner, rosuvastatin upregulated eNOS mRNA and protein expression. The effects on eNOS expression mediated through rosuvastatin could be reversed by treatment with mevalonate indicating inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase as the underlying mechanism. Treatment with geranylgeranylpyrophosphate, but not farnesylpyrophosphate, reversed the increase of eNOS expression induced by rosuvastatin. Rosuvastatin may have beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular diseases beyond its effects on lowering cholesterol.     

高脂血症患者血管内皮微颗粒水平的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨高脂血症患者血管内皮微颗粒(EMPs)水平的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2016年5月到2017年8月期间我院收治的高脂血症患者64例,将其作为研究组。另选取同期在我院体检的健康志愿者50例作为对照组。检测两组研究对象的甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、EMPs、压力-应变弹性系数(Ep)、顺应性(AC)、硬度指数(β)、脉搏波传导速度(PWV)水平,并采用Pearson相关性分析研究组患者EMPs水平与TC、TG、LDL-C、Ep、AC、β、PWV的相关性。结果:研究组血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、EMPs水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组的Ep、β、PWV均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组AC比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。研究组患者的EMPs水平与TC、TG、LDL-C、Ep、β、PWV均呈正相关(r=0.567,0.645,0.763,0.426,0.398,0.364,P均0.05)。结论:高脂血症患者的EMPs水平明显高于健康人群,且其水平与TC、TG、LDL-C、Ep、β、PWV均呈正相关。     

NO供体（SIN—1）损伤内皮细胞的实验研究

选择体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HU-VEC)为研究对象,研究了不同浓度NO供体 SIN-1(3-morpholinosydnonimine)对内皮细胞的作用以及SOD、CAT对内皮细胞的保护作用。结果提示:高浓度SIN-1可严重损伤内皮细胞;SOD、CAT能协同减轻NO对内皮细胞的损伤,说明ONOO~-的产生可能是NO损伤内皮细胞的重要机制。     

Wnt-1 signaling inhibits human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and alters cell morphology

Cell to cell interaction is one of the key processes effecting angiogenesis and endothelial cell function. There are many factors which can mediate this interaction including Wnt-signaling-related molecules. Wnt signaling is involved in many developmental processes and cellular functions. There is increasing evidence suggesting that Wnt signaling has a role in regulating endothelial cell growth although the precise mechanism is unclear. In this study, we established a coculture system to examine how Wnt-1 signaling regulates human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) growth and behavior. We found that Wnt-1 signals inhibited BrdU incorporation in HUVECs and the number of labeled cells also decreased in proportion to the number of Wnt-1-expressing cells present (P < 0.05). Moreover, HUVECs cocultured with Wnt-1-expressing C57MG cells clumped together rather than remaining scattered throughout the culture. These effects were dependent on cell contact. Treatment of HUVEC with LiCl, which inhibits the activity of GSK-3β and mimicked Wnt-1 signaling, also inhibited the BrdU incorporation in endothelial cells. Our results suggest that Wnt signaling has a role in endothelial cell growth control and this is mediated through cell–cell contact. They also suggest that Wnt signaling might participate in angiogenesis by regulating endothelial cell growth and function.     

G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interactor-1 (GIT1) is a new endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) interactor with functional effects on vascular homeostasis

Endothelial cell nitric-oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), the enzyme responsible for synthesis of NO in the vasculature, undergoes extensive post-translational modifications that modulate its activity. Here we have identified a novel eNOS interactor, G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase interactor-1 (GIT1), which plays an unexpected role in GPCR stimulated NO signaling. GIT1 interacted with eNOS in the endothelial cell cytoplasm, and this robust association was associated with stimulatory eNOS phosphorylation (Ser(1177)), enzyme activation, and NO synthesis. GIT1 knockdown had the opposite effect. Additionally, GIT1 expression was reduced in sinusoidal endothelial cells after liver injury, consistent with previously described endothelial dysfunction in this disease. Re-expression of GIT1 after liver injury rescued the endothelial phenotype. These data emphasize the role of GPCR signaling partners in eNOS function and have fundamental implications for vascular disorders involving dysregulated eNOS.     

Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients with uncomplicated malaria promote endothelial inflammation

The ability of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes (Pf-IEs) to activate endothelial cells has been described; however, the interaction of the endothelium with Pf-IEs field isolates from patients has been less characterized. Previous reports have shown that isolates alter the endothelial permeability and apoptosis. In this study, the adhesion of 19 uncomplicated malaria isolates to Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HDMEC), and their effect on the expression of ICAM-1 and proinflammatory molecules (sICAM-1, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1) was evaluated.P. falciparum isolates adhered to resting and TNFα-activated HDEMC cells at different levels. All isolates increased the ICAM-1 expression on the membrane (mICAM-1) of HDMEC and increased the release of its soluble form (sICAM-1), as well the production of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 by HDMEC with no signs of cell apoptosis. No correlation between parasite adhesion and production of cytokines was observed.In conclusion, isolates from uncomplicated malaria can induce a proinflammatory response in endothelial cells that may play a role during the initial inflammatory response to parasite infection; however, a continuous activation of the endothelium can contribute to pathogenesis.     

The matrix protein CCN1 (CYR61) promotes proliferation, migration and tube formation of endothelial progenitor cells

Neovascularization and re-endothelialization relies on circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), but their recruitment and angiogenic roles are subjected to regulation by the vascular microenvironment, which remains largely unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of mature ECs and matrix protein CCN1 on the properties of EPCs. In a coculture system, effects of ECs on proliferation, migration and participation in tube-like formation of EPCs were evaluated, and functional assays were employed to identify the exact role of CCN1 in EPCs vitality and function. We demonstrated that ECs, as an indispensable part of the cellular milieu, significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and tube formation activities of EPCs, and more importantly, CCN1 was potentially involved in such effects of ECs. Expression of CCN1 in EPCs was significantly increased by serum, VEGF, ECs-cocultivation and ECs conditioned medium. Moreover, Ad-CCN1-mediated overexpression of CCN1 directly enhanced migration and tube formation of EPCs, whereas silencing of endogenous CCN1 in EPCs inhibits cell functions. Furthermore, CCN1 induced the expressions of chemokines and growth factors, such as MCP-1 and VEGF, suggesting a complex interaction between those proangiogenic factors. Our data suggest that matrix protein CCN1 may play an important role in microenvironment-mediated biological properties of EPCs.