新一代的单模光纤设计

本文简述了单模光纤设计进展的四个阶段。从常规单模光纤开始，零色散波长于光纤通信工作的１．３１μｍ，其后激光管技术改进和光纤放大器实用化，使光纤通信工作波长转移，相应地出现零色散移位至１．５５μｍ的单模光纤。     

低损耗色散补偿光纤及其应用

本文给出了为消除１．３μｍ零色散波长传输光纤的异常色散而用大常规色散单模光纤作色散补偿光纤的设计原理。     

全固高非线性低色散斜率光子晶体光纤设计

提出了利用掺氟同心圆环的光纤结构来提高光子晶体光纤(PCF)的非线性,所需控制的参量仅有两个。设计了三种具有高非线性、低色散斜率和低限制损耗的全固光子晶体光纤。这三种光纤分别具有正常色散、双零色散点和零色散点恰好在1.55 μm波长处的色散曲线特性。所设计的零色散点恰好在1.55 μm波长处的光子晶体光纤色散斜率值为5.12×10-4 ps/(km·nm2),这比传统的高非线性光纤的色散斜率小了2个数量级。同时,该光纤在1.55 μm波长处的非线性系数为31.5 W-1·km-1,限制损耗为9.62×10-5 dB/km。     

色散的测量:EXFO相移测量法

1 现有的色散测量方法 为了测定光纤的色散(CD)曲线,通常需要测量相对时延与波长的函数关系。例如,在许多波长上同时产生多个短光脉冲,然后注入到较长的光纤中,由于色散的原因,不同的波长上的光脉冲将以不同的速度在光纤中传播,最终导致到达时刻的相对时延。这就是大多数用于测试光纤色散的测量仪器的基本原理。     

G.655光纤与波分复用通信系统

一、各种单模光纤的特性比较1996年8月国际电信联盟ITU－T提出了第5个关于光纤方面的建议——G．655建议。5个建议中关于单模光纤的建议有4个。第1种G．652光纤（SMF）：发明于1983年,既可用于1310mn波长区,又可用于1550nm波长区,但由于零色散波长在1310nm附近,因而最适用于1310nm波长区,是我们迄今为止仍大量使用的光纤,我国的干线通信线路基本上是采用这种光纤建成的。由于在1550nm窗口光纤色散较大,限制了系统向高速发展。第2种G．653光纤（DSF）：也称色散位移单模光纤,发明于1985年。它是为了克服G．652光纤在1550nm窗口…     

色散平坦渐减光纤中超连续谱产生的特性研究

理论研究了色散平坦渐减光纤中超连续谱的产生。研究结果表明，光纤的色散特征对光脉冲的传输和超连续谱的产生有重要影响。由于住泵浦波长处光纤的色散斜率为零，因此脉冲在光纤中传输时保持对称，并产生对称的超连续谱。光纤的色散曲线越平坦，色散曲线的两个零色散波长相距就越远，越有利于超连续谱的展宽。     

正方形栅格全固态光子晶体光纤色散的研究

为了研究正方形栅格全固态光子晶体光纤色散特性,基于全矢量有限元法,对其色散特性进行了数值模拟.通过改变正方形栅格全固态光子晶体光纤的结构参量,分析比较了它们的色散特点,并通过改进结构得出一种零散波长在1.55μm的四方栅格全固态光子带隙光纤.结果表明,四方栅格全固态光子带隙光纤色散具有3个零色散点,其零色散波长随高折射率棒直径d的增大而向长波方向移动,其色散平坦程度随棒间距Λ的减少而变得更加平坦.这为全固态光子晶体光纤的设计和制作提供了理论依据.     

级联光纤参量放大器的增益特性分析

首先介绍了级联结构光纤参量放大器的工作原理,即通过两种光纤色散补偿来平坦信号输出增益。其次推导出小信号近似下单泵浦级联光纤参量放大器的信号输出增益表达式,并在此基础上利用Matlab软件对影响增益特性的各个参数进行数值分析。结果表明,级联光纤参量放大器的峰值增益与增益带宽,受到分段数、泵浦光功率、泵浦波长、色散补偿光纤(DCF)长度、高非线性光纤(HNLF)的零色散波长、HNLF长度、HNLF非线性系数和HNLF色散斜率的影响。     

接近于零色散的色散平坦光子晶体光纤的数值模拟与分析

基于标量近似理论利用有效折射率方法对低空气填充率的光子晶体光纤 (PCF)的色散特性进行了数值模拟。发现通过调节光纤包层的空气穴节距或空气穴大小可以有效地调节光子晶体光纤的色散特性 ,可以实现光子晶体光纤零色散波长向短波方向 (小于石英材料的零色散波长 1 2 7μm)移动 ,甚至在光通信波段出现两个零色散波长 ;可以设计在光通信波段接近于零色散的色散平坦光子晶体光纤 ,其色散系数D的绝对值在 1 2～ 1 7μm波长范围小于 2 0 ps·km-1·nm-1,其色散斜率D′的绝对值小于 0 0 2 ps·km-1·nm-2 。     

宽带色散平坦光子晶体光纤的优化设计与特性分析

设计了一种第一层为椭圆空气孔缺陷的宽带色散平坦光子晶体光纤,借助全矢量有限元法对这种结构的光子晶体光纤的色散特性、模场面积、双折射和限制损耗特性进行了数值模拟.结果表明改进的光子晶体光纤的色散曲线可以在很宽的波长范围内保持色散平坦并具有较低的色散值,其模场面积较未改进光子晶体光纤的模场面积要大,光纤的限制损耗变小且双折射也相当小.主要分析了这种光纤的结构参数的优化后,光纤的色散特性、有效模面积、双折射以及限制损耗特性的变化规律,最终设计了在1 200～1 800 nm波长范围内超平坦色散的光子晶体光纤.     

利用参量放大效应测量光纤的非线性系数和色散参数

通过对理想条件下得出的光纤参量放大增益解析解和相位匹配关系表达式进行修正,得出在光纤有损耗 时,小信号峰值增益和光纤非线性系数成正比以及光纤色散参数和峰值增益波长与抽运光波长的差成反比两个近 似表达式。以此为基础提出:只要在直流抽运光作用下测出小信号峰值增益以及增益峰值波长与抽运波长之差, 然后通过简单的代数运算就可以得出光纤的非线性系数和色散参数。实验中,分别用两个不同波长的抽运光,对 一卷长度为1450m的高非线性色散平坦光纤(HNLF)的非线性系数和色散参数进行了测量。测得非线性系数为 γ=11.8W-1·km-1,色散斜率在1550nm附近为S=0.0157ps/(nm2·km)。其中,色散斜率测量值和商家给定的 值之间误差不超过5%。对在测量中抽运光和信号光之间由于拉曼放大作用所带来的增益谱不对称性进行了讨论。     

A novel multi-waveband dispersion compensating fiber based on hybrid photonic crystal fiber

In view of dispersion compensating in multiple wavebands at the same time, this paper proposes a novel multi-waveband dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) based on hybrid photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The proposed fiber can compensate multiple wavebands at the same time. The mechanism of the multi-waveband dispersion compensation is analyzed, and the different material-filled structure is discussed numerically. The simulation results show that the multi-waveband DCF can compensate multiple wavelengths at the same time. By a reasonable design, this fiber can replace the multi-dispersion compensating system composed by cascaded multiple devices, and minimize the loads of the system in an efficient way.     

近零超平坦色散填充光子晶体光纤的温度特性

利用矢量光束传输法研究了温度对填充乙醇六边形折射率引导型光子晶体光纤色散、有效面积和非线性的影响。结果表明:温度对色散平坦区域内的色散影响比较大,而且温度越高,色散平坦区间变宽;在平坦区域的短波长范围,温度对色散的影响变化更大,曲线更平坦;温度在长波长比短波长处对光模场面积和非线性系数影响更大;在平坦区域某一波长处,随温度的增加,色散和非线性系数随着升高。研究结果为设计新型光通信和光传感器件提供了理论参考。     

Generation of Flat Supercontinuum in a Single-mode Optical Fiber with a Convex Chromatic Dispersion Profile

A single-mode optical fiber with a convex chromatic dispersion profile is proposed for generating a flat supercontinuum(SC).The fiber has normal dispersion and the dispersion parameter D(λ,z) is a convex function of wavelengths.It is shown from the numerical results that the chromatic dispersion,the flatness of the dispersion curve and the pump conditions have significant effect on SC generation.A flat and broad SC without strong residual pump component can be obtained when the pump wavelength is set in the...     

同向泵浦拉曼放大器中泵浦-信号间四波混频研究

研究了同向泵浦分布式拉曼放大器(DRA)中泵浦-信号间的四波混频(FWM)效应.基于分段求和法,导出了不同零色散波长光纤组成的前向泵浦DRA中FWM功率的计算公式.考虑受激拉曼放大的情况下,数值模拟了DRA中FWM引起的信道串扰随光纤传输距离的演变,以及FWM与光纤零色散波长之间的关系.理论分析了色散补偿光纤(DCF)对FWM串扰的抑制效应.计算结果表明,在采用非零色散位移光纤(NZDSF)作为传输介质的DRA中,泵浦-信号间存在着较强的FWM效应,严重影响了密集波分复用(DWDM)系统的传输性能.引入适量DCF,不仅能降低DRA中FWM引起的信道串扰,还可有效消除色散导致的波形失真.     

Multiwavelength pulse generation using an actively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring laser based on distributed dispersion cavity

A simple design of a stable multiwavelength pulse generator was demonstrated using a dispersion-tuned actively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser with distributed dispersion cavity. The distributed dispersion cavity in the fiber laser successfully reduced the cross-gain saturation in EDF, and thus, enabled multiwavelength operation. Simultaneous generation of wavelength-tunable 10-GHz pulses up to four different wavelengths was achieved with the same wavelength space of 2.94 nm. The extinction ratio of all wavelengths was above 30 dB. In addition, smooth wavelength tuning was achieved over more than 41 nm when the laser was working at dual-wavelength mode. The super mode noise was /spl sim/60 dB below the signal level at both wavelengths. The laser state was found to be very stable.     

Grating compensation of third-order fiber dispersion

Subpicosecond optical pulses propagating in single-mode fibers are severely distorted by third-order dispersion even at the fiber's zero-dispersion wavelength (λ₀). Using cross-correlation techniques, the authors measured the broadening of a 100-fs pulse to more than 5 ps after passing through 400 m of fiber near λ₀. The measured asymmetric and oscillatory pulse shape is in agreement with calculations. A grating and telescope apparatus was configured to simultaneously equalize both third- and second-order dispersion for wavelengths slightly longer than λ ₀. Nearly complete compensation has been demonstrated for fiber lengths of 400 m and 3 km of dispersion-shifted fiber at wavelengths of 1560-1580 nm. For the longer fibers, fourth-order dispersion due to the grating becomes important     

Wavelength dispersion characteristics of single-mode fibers in low-loss region

Wavelength dispersion characteristics of single-mode silica fibers in a very low-loss region, including zero dispersion wavelengths, are studied in detail using a "difference method." Wavelength dispersion of single-mode fibers is compared for fibers with same material dispersion but with different waveguide structure. Material dispersion is evaluated by extracting waveguide dispersion from experimental results. Effects of waveguide dispersion on the zero dispersion wavelength of the single-mode fiber in a longer wavelength region are clearly analyzed. Single-mode fiber design consideration is given from the wavelength dispersion point of view.