冻结水泥土无侧限抗压试验研究

城市地铁盾构进出洞及联络通道施工中常常采用水泥土预先加固辅以人工冻结法补充加固的施工工艺,为掌握冻结水泥土的力学性能及相关设计参数,开展了系列冻结水泥土无侧限抗压性能室内试验研究,研究结果表明:水泥土无侧限抗压强度随温度的降低、水泥掺入比的增加呈线性增大,随养护龄期的增加呈对数增大;水泥土的抗压强度和弹性模量随着温度的降低基本呈线性增大,在常温下随水泥掺入比呈线性增大,在-10℃下随水泥掺入比呈指数增大,并随着养护龄期的增加呈对数增大;温度、水泥掺入比和龄期三个因素中温度对水泥土抗压强度的影响最大;随水泥掺入比、龄期的增加,冻结水泥土与常温水泥土强度及弹性模量差异呈指数规律减小,最终趋于稳定比值.     

污染对水泥土电阻率特性影响的试验研究

环境污染导致地下水含有大量腐蚀性污染物,严重影响水泥土地基的强度和耐久性。将水泥土试块浸泡在不同浓度硫酸溶液中不同龄期模拟硫酸污染,通过测试水泥土电阻率、孔隙水电阻率以及无侧限抗压强度,来研究硫酸污染对水泥土电阻率特性的影响。研究表明,水泥土和孔隙水电阻率均随着浓度的增加而减小,均随着龄期的增加而增大;结构因子随着龄期和浓度的增加而增大;无侧限抗压强度随着水泥土电阻率的增加而增大。建立了预测任意溶液浓度和龄期的水泥土电阻率公式。     

青岛滨海海积淤泥水泥土力学性能及变形特性试验研究

为研究青岛滨海及环胶州湾地区海积淤泥形成的水泥土的力学性能及变形特性,开展了一系列配合比试验。试验结果表明,试样尺寸对水泥土抗压强度影响较小。水泥土的无侧限抗压强度随着龄期的增加而增大,近似呈双曲线关系,利用水泥土中总的灰水比和任意时间的水泥土无侧限抗压强度可预测水泥土的长期强度。水泥土的无侧限抗压强度随着水泥掺入比的增加而增大,呈线性相关,可通过经验公式进行预测。在使用高抗硫酸盐水泥时,当其掺入比超过15%时才能起到明显的抗侵蚀作用。此外应该适当提高水灰比以获得更高的水泥土强度。     

水泥搅拌法改良桂林红黏土力学性质试验研究

桂林地区分布的由碳酸盐系出露区的石灰岩经过红土化作用而成的高塑限的红黏土,孔隙比较大、含水量高,而其结构性强且存在上硬下软的成层分布特征,上部红黏土为坚硬-硬塑状态,承载力高,下部红黏土为软塑、流塑状态,为地基软弱下卧层,需进行处理。采用水泥搅拌法对桂林软弱红黏土无侧限抗压强度、抗剪强度、抗拉强度与水泥掺入比、龄期的关系等主要力学性质进行室内试验研究,得出外掺剂对无侧限抗压强度的影响以及无侧限抗压强度、抗拉强度与抗剪强度的关系。结果表明:运用水泥搅拌法对桂林地区软弱红黏土层主要力学性能的无侧限抗压强度与水泥掺入比、龄期之间以及含外掺剂和无外掺剂水泥红黏土无侧限抗压强度之间存在较好的相关性; 黏聚力、抗拉强度随水泥掺入比、龄期增大而增大; 无侧限抗压强度、抗拉强度与黏聚力存在相关性。     

水泥固化锌污染土电阻率与强度特性研究

以标准砂及普通硅酸盐水泥为试验材料,制作水泥固化锌污染土样,进行了一系列电阻率和无侧限抗压强度试验。研究了交流电频率对水泥固化锌污染土电阻率的影响、不同含量锌离子对水泥缓凝作用的影响、锌离子含量和龄期分别对水泥土电阻率和强度的影响、电阻率与无侧限抗压强度的关系。结果表明：电阻率随电流频率的增加而明显降低,尤其当频率低于50 kHz时为甚;不同含量的锌离子对水泥土的缓凝作用影响明显,随着锌离子含量的增大,水泥土强度的充分发挥所需时间逐渐增长,但在锌离子含量为500 mg/kg时,缓凝作用表现异常;电阻率和强度均随龄期的增加而增长,随锌离子的含量的增加上下波动,电阻率在锌离子含量为50 mg/kg和500 mg/kg时出现极值,强度在锌离子含量为100 mg/kg和500 mg/kg时出现极值;在各个龄期下,电阻率与强度均呈现出很好的线性关系。     

水泥土搅拌桩桩身质量的电阻率分析

通过对某高速公路软基处理试验段水泥土搅拌桩芯样强度与电阻率指标的分析发现,水泥土搅拌桩的桩身质量与其施工工艺密切相关;在特定的施工工艺条件下,水泥掺入比与搅拌均匀性是影响桩身质量的2个重要因素;在相同深度处,桩身水泥土芯样的竖向电阻率高于其水平向电阻率;桩身水泥土芯样的电阻率与其无侧限抗压强度之间存在着很好的线性相关关系;水泥体芯样水平向电阻率的标准差在一定程度上反映了水泥掺入量和搅拌均匀性。综上所述,利用水泥土的电阻率及其相关指标对大规模施工条件下水泥土搅拌桩的桩身质量进行定量分析是一种经济、无损、简便和科学的方法。     

水泥土强度试验主要影响因素的探讨

对软土中掺入不同量的水泥,以不同的水灰比(水和水泥的质量比)制成的水泥土试块在不同的养护条件下、不同的龄期对其无侧限抗压强度进行对比试验。分别讨论了掺入比(水泥和湿土的质量比)、水灰比及养护条件对其无侧限抗压强度的影响。     

硫酸侵蚀下水泥土的电阻率特性研究

通过室内试验模拟了水泥土试块受不同浓度硫酸（H2SO4）溶液侵蚀的过程,采用电阻率法研究了电阻率与各参数、无侧限抗压强度之间的关系。结果表明,受H2SO4侵蚀后,水泥土电阻率、孔隙水电阻率、水泥土抗压强度均随着溶液浓度的增加而减小,而水泥土的结构因子和重度均随着溶液浓度的增加而增加,水泥土抗压强度与水泥土电阻率成正比。在试验的基础上,考虑侵蚀因素对水泥土电阻率的影响,通过对Archie法则进行修正,得到了H2SO4侵蚀下水泥土电阻率模型。通过对无侧限抗压强度试验结果的分析,并结合试块表观变化,提出了利用电阻率来评价侵蚀程度的方法。     

污水浸泡对水泥土强度和电阻率特性影响的试验研究

为了揭示污水对水泥土的影响规律,并尝试采用电阻率法作为描述强度和污染特征的手段,把粉质黏土和两种水泥（普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥）制作的水泥土试块分别浸泡在3种液体（自来水、生活污水、造纸厂污水）中模拟环境侵蚀。首先对比分析了污水对土体液塑限的影响,其次研究了龄期、水泥类型、污水类型等对水泥土抗压强度和电阻率的影响,考察了电阻率和抗压强度的关系。结果表明：污染后土样的液限、塑限均增大,塑性指数减小;水泥土抗压强度和电阻率均随龄期增加而增长;污水均降低了水泥土的抗压强度和电阻率,但是矿渣硅酸盐水泥土的抗压强度和电阻率均高于普通硅酸盐水泥土,说明在污水环境中,矿渣水泥对水泥土有一定的抗劣化能力;在不同的龄期、水泥类型、污水类型下,水泥土电阻率均与抗压强度呈现出一致的变化规律,二者线性相关。     

高含水率疏浚淤泥新型复合固化材料试验研究

基于传统水泥固化处理方法,提出了水泥-生石灰-高分子添加剂新型复合固化材料处理高含水率疏浚淤泥的新方法,以期快速降低淤泥含水率并提高固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度,拓展水泥固化淤泥的含水率范围,达到高效廉价固化处理高含水率疏浚淤泥的目的。通过系列室内试验,探讨了该方法处理后高含水率淤泥的无侧限抗压强度变化规律以及各材料掺入比对强度的影响规律。研究结果表明,水泥掺入比低于7%的新型固化材料处理初始含水率2倍液限的高液限淤泥,早期强度大于0.5 MPa,28 d强度大于1 MPa;固化淤泥强度随龄期、水泥和生石灰掺入比的增大而增大;给出了考虑多因素多水平的无侧限抗压强度预测公式,预测值与实测值基本一致     

掺石灰黏土电阻率试验研究

利用4电极电阻率测量装置,在室内对各种灰土样的电阻率进行测试对比研究,揭示了不同因素如灰土比、含水率、饱和度、土的结构和土粒粒径等对灰土样电阻率的影响。在不同含水率（15 %、20 %、25 %和30 %）条件下,素土及其与不同石灰掺量（1:10、1:15和1:30）的混合,通过轻型击实试验后,测量其横向及竖向断面上的电阻率,研究电阻率与不同石灰配比击实土样的物理力学性质之间的关系。实验结果表明,当含水率在15 %~20 %之间时,较小的含水率增量引起混合土样电阻率的大幅度下降;当含水率约达到20 %后,其电阻率随含水率的继续增加而减小的幅度很小;在15 %含水率时,掺灰土电阻率比素土样高;在30 %含水率时,其电阻率低于素土样,而且掺量越大,电阻率越低;由于击实导致土体颗粒的结构重新排列,电阻率在横向上大于竖向;电阻率随着无侧限抗压强度的增加而增加,在电阻率大于50 ?•m时,电阻率随无侧限抗压强度的增加而减小;饱和度、干密度与电阻率呈负指数变化规律,孔隙率、孔隙比与电阻率呈指数变化规律;含水率对于电阻率的影响较为敏感。     

Experimental study on the electrical resistivity of soil–cement admixtures

Recently in China, soil–cement is widely used to improve the soft ground in the highway construction engineering. Literature studies are mainly investigating the mechanical properties of the soil–cement, while its properties of the electrical resistivity are not well addressed. In this paper, the properties of the electrical resistivity of the reconstituted soil-cement and the in situ soil–cement columns are investigated. The test results show that the electrical resistivity of the soil–cement increases with the increase in the cement-mixing ratio and curing time, whereas it decreases with the increase in the water content, degree of saturation and water–cement ratio. A simple equation is proposed to predict the electrical resistivity of soil–cement under the condition of the specified curing time and water–cement ratio. It is found that the electrical resistivity has a good relationship with the unconfined compression strength and blow count of SPT. It is expected that the electrical resistivity method can be widely used for checking/controlling the quality of soil–cement in practice.     

Influence of diesel fuel contamination on the electrical properties of unsaturated soil at a low frequency range of 100 Hz–10 MHz

In this study, the effect of diesel fuel contamination on the electrical properties of unsaturated soils was estimated in the low frequency ranges. For the soils having 5% water content, the electrical resistivity increased with the diesel fuel contents while the permittivity decreased at higher diesel contents. However, at 15% water content, the variation of electrical properties was not significant possibly because most of the electric currents should occur through the pore water. The linear relationship between the electrical resistivity and the diesel fuel contents in soil was developed at 5% water content, which implied that the electrical resistivity could be used to quantify the extent of diesel fuel contamination in soil. The results indicated that the electrical properties including the resistivity and the permittivity could give the reliable estimation on the diesel contamination with the low water content in soil and the frequency applied below 1 MHz.     

From spatial-continuous electrical resistivity measurements to the soil hydraulic functioning at the field scale

The aim of this article is to present a strategy to interpret the hydraulic functioning of a small field area by using measurements of the soil electrical resistivity. The spatial soil electrical resistivity was recorded at a high resolution on a 2 ha area by the MultiContinous Electrical Profiling (MuCEP) device at two dates. These apparent electrical resistivity measurements were firstly interpreted in terms of local electrical resistivity by 1D inverse modelling to estimate the real resistivity of the soil. These interpreted electrical resistivity data were then transformed into soil water content values and soil water potential values by the use of independent punctual data of water content and the use of the water retention curve determined by laboratory data. Our analysis has permitted us to describe the spatial variability and temporal evolution of the hydraulic functioning at high resolution from electrical resistivity data. The interpretation of the water content and matric potential maps demonstrated that some soil hydraulic processes, such as lateral overland flow, can occur in the studied zone. They would never have been detected by local measurements of soil characteristics or by the use of the soil map.     

利用高密度电阻率法进行盐渍土含水率的测定

盐渍土中含有较多的可溶盐,其工程性质对含水率很敏感。将室内试验与现场试验相结合探索了电阻率法间接测定盐渍土含水率的可行性。采用高密度电阻率法对盐渍土浸水试验后的影响范围进行测试,通过在室内恒定温度下测定的盐渍土电阻率与含水率的关系,建立特定土体结构下的电阻率与含水率的数学模型。现场实测高密度电阻率值,利用现场观测的土层温度,计算出浸水范围的含水率,与现场分层实测含水率进行对比,验证了数学模型的可靠性。     

广西北部湾人造陆域吹填土电冲击特性研究

吹填土陆域的固有特性是造成其频受雷击的重要因素之一。针对广西北部湾吹填土的电冲击特性,结合理论分析、室内试验和数值模拟的方法对其展开研究,探究其与外电场的响应规律。首先从Archie电阻率模型理论出发,结合土体的介电常数公式,提出了吹填土的电冲击模型,认为影响其与外电场之间的响应规律的主要因素是干密度、含水率和含盐量。电冲击试验表明,吹填土击穿场强随含水率对数和干密度对数的升高呈线性降低,随含盐量的升高呈指数降低。再结合数值模拟结果发现,含水率、干密度和含盐量越高,吹填土内部场强越大,受冲击电场作用越显著,对外电场的响应越强烈,其中又以含水率和含盐量的影响为主。     

土的电阻率室内测试技术研究

土的电阻率可反映土的组成和结构特征。室内测试是研究土电阻率的主要方法之一。本文在分析影响电阻率因素的基础上,总结了国内外现有土电阻率测试的原理与方法,介绍了作者研制的一种实用土电阻率测试仪,并通过典型试验,论证了该测试仪器的可行性,可以在室内土电阻率测试试验中应用。     

苏通大桥地基中深厚软土电阻率试验研究

通过室内电阻率试验和土工试验,对长江下游苏州-南通长江公路大桥地基中深厚软土电阻率特征及其与物理力学参数的相关关系问题进行了研究。发现,（1）在同一钻孔（即CZK30）中,从粉质黏土→粉砂→细砂→中粗砂,土样的电阻率逐渐增大。电阻率随含水率、孔隙比、饱和度的增加而减小,而随垂直渗透系数、水平渗透系数、压缩模量、标贯等的增加而增大。（2）CZK30孔中粉质黏土电阻率随含水率、孔隙比、饱和度、压缩系数、液限系数增加而减小,而随压缩模量、黏聚力等的增加而增大。（3）通过拟合,提供了软土电阻率与物理力学参数相关关系的量化表达式,拟合曲线与试验数据点的相关程度较高,相关系数绝大部分在0.88以上。结果表明,土电阻率与其它物理力学参数间存在密切的联系。     

Simple and multiple regression models for relationship between electrical resistivity and various soil properties for soil characterization

Precise determination of engineering properties of soil is essential for proper design and successful construction of any structure. The conventional methods for determination of engineering properties are invasive, costly and time-consuming. Electrical resistivity survey is an attractive tool for delineate subsurface properties without soil disturbance. Reliable correlations between electrical resistivity and other soil properties will enable us to characterize the subsurface soil without borehole sampling. This paper presents the correlations of electrical resistivity with various properties of soil. Soil investigations, field electrical resistivity survey and laboratory electrical resistivity measurements were conducted. The results from electrical resistivity tests (field and laboratory) and laboratory tests were analyzed together to understand the interrelation between electrical resistivity and various soil properties. The test results were evaluated using simple and multiple regression analysis. From the data analysis, significant quantitative and qualitative correlations have been obtained between resistivity and moisture content, friction angle and plasticity index. Weaker correlations have been observed for cohesion, unit weight of soil and effective size (D ₁₀).