大鼠生殖周期下丘脑、卵巢、子宫钙调素含量变化及子宫钙调素的免疫组化定位

用ELISA法测定大鼠下丘脑、卵巢、子宫在动情周期中钙调素(Calmodulin)的含量变化,并用免疫组化法(Immunohistochemical technique)研究了大鼠动情周期中子宫内钙调素的分布。结果为:(1)处在动情期的大鼠,其子宫、卵巢、下丘脑中钙调素的含量明显高于间情期、动情前期及动情后期的含量。其顺序为动情期>动情前期>动情后期>间情期。其中以下丘脑、卵巢的含量变化较急骤。提出钙调素含量变化与雌激素的含量一致,由此推测钙调素对维持卵巢正常功能,子宫生长发育有密切关系。(2)经免疫组化定位,不论处在间情期或动情期的子宫,钙调素的分布在肌层与内膜层均有,以内膜层较多,特别是在动情期的分布更高。此与钙调素含量测定的结果一致。     

发情期小灵猫行为的研究

本文对笼养小灵猫发情期的繁殖行为进行了观察。结果表明：小灵猫一年有两次发情期,绝大部分的小灵猫在春季（２－４月）发情,少数个体在秋季（８月底至９月）出现第２次发情。发情期雄性小灵猫频繁地发出求偶叫声和增加擦香次数。雄猫的擦香行为和求偶叫声可促使雌猫的发情,发情期一系列性行为对雌雄交配的成功与否有重要的意义。     

动情周期中大鼠输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白的表达

目的初步鉴定大鼠输卵管中存在与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白,并研究其在输卵管中的定位和不同动情周期中糖蛋白的表达变化.方法根据阴道涂片检查将大鼠分为:间情期(DE)组、动情前期(PE)组、动情期(E)组和动情后期(ME)组.用冰冻切片法、荧光组化技术和共聚焦显微镜技术观察大鼠输卵管中与BS-1结合糖蛋白的分布及表达变化.结果大鼠输卵管中存在与BS-1结合的糖蛋白,并呈节段性分布,即峡部＞壶腹部.动情周期中大鼠输卵管糖蛋白的表达:动情期＞动情前期＞动情后期＞间情期.结论大鼠输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白在动情期(E)峡部上皮表达最明显,具有雌激素依赖性.     

富含脯氨酸小蛋白-2在小鼠子宫中的表达及调节

富含脯氨酸小蛋白(Sprrs)参与构建复层扁平上皮的角化细胞壳（CE）,它们在子宫单层上皮中的作用还不清楚.采用RNA印迹和半定量RT-PCR方法,研究了Sprr2在小鼠动情周期和妊娠子宫中的表达及其激素调控.实验结果发现:Sprr2在动情前期和动情期表达上调,而动情后期和间情期表达下调.在妊娠初期表达迅速下调,直至临产期表达重新受到诱导并在产后达到高峰.鉴于其在不同生殖阶段子宫中独特的表达模式和在复层上皮中保护性的功能,推测Sprr2与子宫对交配和分娩所产生的应激反应有关.     

驯养马麝的繁殖与行为观察

在甘肃省的兴隆山马麝养殖实验场,对马麝的繁殖生物学行为进行了观察,结果表明,在人工驯养条件下雌性马麝１０月龄基本达性成熟,开始发情和交配,而雄性发情晚一些;马麝的妊娠期为１８０～１８４天,雌雄马麝在发情和交配均有特殊的行为表现。     

大鼠动情周期中生殖轴系微循环血量的变化

本文采用放射性生物微球技术,对雌性大鼠动情周期中丘脑下部-垂体-卵巢轴系的微循环血量进行了测量。结果指出,周期各期丘脑下部和垂体的血流量无显著差异(p>0.05)。卵巢血流量在动情后期最大,动情期最小,两期血流量的差异显著(p<0.02)。子宮血流量以动情后期最大,间情期仍维持在较高水平,动情期最小。动情后期和间情期与动情期比较均有显著差异(分别为p<0.01和P<0.05)。输卵管血流量动情期最大,动情前期最小,两期血流量的差异也有显著性(p<0.05)。由此表明,卵巢、子宫和输卵管血流量有明显的周期性波动。血流量的多寡与其生理机能状态和性激素的变化有关。     

大鼠动情周期垂体促性腺细胞周期性变化的定量免疫细胞化学研究

本报告用免疫细胞化学方法确定大鼠动情周期垂体促性腺细胞的周期性形态学变化。实验将大鼠垂体石蜡切片用兔抗HCG血清和辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体方法染色后,在光学显微镜下观察,并用分格计数法和修正的落点法分别测定促性腺细胞的数量和大小。测定和观察结果为:(1)每平方nam细胞的平均数目为间情期662±36、动情前期633±102、动情期449±105和动情后期472±76。用方差分析表明,间情期和动情前期受染色的细胞平均数目明显多于动情期和动情后期(n=12,P<0.05)。(2)受染色促性腺细胞的平均面积(μm~2)为间情期106.00±11.70、动情前期107.00±13.10、动情期95.70±10.30和动情后期101.00±5.95,在动情周期的不同时期细胞大小无显著差异。(3)在动情周期的不同时期促性腺细胞各种类型的分布特征呈周期性变化。此结果提示:受染色促性腺细胞数量和结构类型的周期性变化可能与大鼠动情周期中血清促性腺激素浓度的周期性变化有密切关系。     

RT—PCR测定大鼠妊娠早期子宫孕激素受体基因的表达

孕激素在妊娠的建立和维持过程中起着非常重要的作用,但目前为止未见有关大鼠子宫 激素受体（ＰＲ）基因在该过程中表达情况的系统报道。本和反转偶联聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法测定了大鼠动情周期和妊娠早期子宫孕激素受体基因的转录,结果表明：１．动情周期中,子吕ＰＲｍＲＮＡ水平在动情期最高,在动情后期最低,动情期水平约为动情后期的２倍。２．妊娠开始后,子宫ＰＲｍＲＮＡ水平迅速上地ｄ３－ｄ４（着床前）达     

大鼠动情周期雌激素水平变化对晕动病易感性的影响

目的：众多的流行病学研究和动物实验表明,晕动病存在明显的性别差异,特别是雌激素对晕动病易感性可能存在某些易化的调节作用,本研究为探讨“异食癖”模型上大鼠动情周期雌激素水平的变化对晕动病易感性的影响。方法：大鼠在不同的动情周期,给予足够的旋转刺激以后,通过摄取高岭土量的变化评价大鼠的晕动病反应,同时测定血浆雌激素（E2和P）水平,观察雌激素水平的变化对晕动病易感性的影响。结果：大鼠体内的雌性激素（E2和P）水平随着动情周期而发生波动,在动情期时,E2水平达到最高,而在动情前期则达到最低。P水平在动情间期和动情前期较高而在动情期与动情后期较低。足够的旋转刺激之后,大鼠的摄取高岭土量显著增加,并且呈现与大鼠动情周期雌激素水平波动的一致性,即动情期时摄取高岭土量最多。结论：大鼠动情周期雌激素水平的升高可能在一定程度上会加重大鼠的晕动病反应。可为进一步探讨雌激素水平与晕动病易感性之间的关系提供参考,从而也可能为发现晕动病新病因的研究打下基础,还可能为晕动病预防策略和措施启发新的应用价值。     

基质金属蛋白酶-2、-9及其组织抑制因子（TIMPs）在动情周期大鼠子宫中的表达

基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs)家族的作用是降解所有细胞外基质,其活性受其特异性组织抑制因子（TIMPs)的抑制。细胞外基质成分的降解与重组在动物生殖生长过程中起重要作用,其变化可以通过MMPs和TIMPs两者表达水平的变化进行监测。大鼠虽然没有月经形成,但是在其子宫内膜也出现类似灵长类的生殖生物学变化。本文从MMPs和TIMPs两者的表达水平,对大鼠子宫内膜的这些变化进行了研究。于大鼠动情周期的不同时期,将算处死,取子宫制备酶粗提液和组织切片,采用酶谱法(zymography)和原位杂交方法研究动情周期大鼠子宫中MMP-2和-9的活性变化以反MMP-2、-9和TIMP-1、-2、-3mRNA的表达。并通过光密度扫描方法对酶谱结果进行半定量分析。所用杂交探针见Table 1．酶谱结果显示：在动情周期大鼠子宫中只检测到67kDa的MMP-2活性,而没有检测到MMP-9的活性(Fig.1)。MMP-2的活性在动情前期最高,动情期和动情后期次之,同情期最低(Flg．2)。原位杂交结果显示：MMP-2、-9、TIMP-1、-2、-3m RNA主要在子宫内膜基底部的基质细胞中表达。MMP-2和-9 mRNA在动情前期、动情期和动情后期子宫内膜基底部的基质细胞和动情期子宫环行肌层中表达均较强,在间情期表达较弱。MMP-9 mRNA在动情期腔上皮和腺上皮细胞中也有较弱的表达(Fig．3)。TIMP-1 mRNA在动情期和动情后期子宫内膜基底部的基质细胞中以及动情期腔上皮和腺上皮细胞中表选较强,在动情前期和间情期表达较弱(Fig．4)。TIMP-2 mRNA在动情期和间情期子宫内膜基底部的基质细胞中以度在动情期上皮细胞中表达较强,在动情前期和动情后期表逮较弱(Fig.4)。TINP-3 mRNA在动情期子宫内膜基底部的基质细胞中表达最强,在动情后期和间情期次之,动情前期表达最弱。TIMP-3 mRNA在动情期子宫环行肌层中也有较强的表达(Fig.5)。由此可见,MMP-2的活性和MMIP-2的基固表达基本一致,MMP-2和-9及其组织抑制因子TIMPs在时间和空间上的表达也基本一致。提示：MMP-2,-9及TIMP-1、-2、-3共同参与了动情周期大鼠子宫内膜的周期性变化。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.