沉默血管内皮钙黏蛋白基因对人高转移肝癌HCCLM3细胞增殖及迁移的影响

目的探讨沉默血管内皮钙黏蛋白(vascular endothelial cadherin,VE-cadherin)基因对人高转移肝癌HCCLM3细胞增殖及迁移的影响。方法将携带3种不同抑制靶点的VE-cadherin基因沉默重组质粒GV248-shRNA-VEcadherin(1)、(2)、(3)分别转染至人高转移肝癌HCCLM3细胞,同时设阴性对照组(转染空载体质粒GV248-shRNANC)和空白对照组(未转染)。采用qRT-PCR及Western blot法分别检测各组细胞中VE-cadherin基因mRNA转录及蛋白的表达水平,同时筛选出最有效的靶点。MTT法测定各组细胞的体外增殖能力;Transwell小室试验检测各组细胞的迁移能力。结果与空白对照组及阴性对照组比较,3组转染VE-cadherin-shRNA干扰质粒的HCCLM3细胞的VE-cadherin基因mRNA转录及蛋白表达水平显著降低(P0.05),其中GV248-shRNA-VE-cadherin(1)的VEcadherin基因抑制率最高(P0.05),筛选为最佳靶点;最佳靶点干扰组HCCLM3细胞的增殖及迁移能力均明显降低(P0.05)。结论沉默VE-cadherin基因可显著抑制人高转移肝癌HCCLM3细胞的增殖及迁移。     

猪雌激素受体、卵泡刺激素-β、催乳素受体和视黄醇结合蛋白4基因合并基因型对产仔数的影响

目的探讨猪雌激素受体(estrogenreceptor,ESR)、卵泡刺激素-β(folliclestimulatinghormonebetasubunit,FSH-β)、催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)和视黄醇结合蛋白4(retinol-binding proteins 4,RBP4)基因合并基因型对产仔数的影响。方法采用PCR法从来自沈阳地区9个种猪场的大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪扩增ESR、FSH-β、PRLR、RBP4基因,PCR-RFLP法检测各基因的多态性,分析4种基因的单基因及合并基因型对产仔数的影响。结果 ESR、FSH-β、PRLR和RBP4基因均存在AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,各基因均处于遗传平衡状态。4种基因的单基因分析表明,长白猪、大白猪FSH-β基因的总产仔数差异有统计学意义(P0.05),BB型为优良基因型;其他3种基因的产仔数差异无统计学意义(P0.05),ESR基因的优良基因型为AA型,PRLR基因的优良基因型为BB型,RBP4基因的优良基因型为AB型。4种基因的合并分析表明,AABBBBAB为最优合并基因型。结论合并基因型的遗传效应显著高于单基因的遗传效应,可利用合并基因型对猪的产仔数进行标记辅助选择。     

eρ-Al2O3和铝酸盐水泥对磷酸铝结合高铝浇注料性能的影响

以优质高铝矾土或板状刚玉、烧结α-Al2O3微粉为主要原料,采用磷酸铝和ρ-Al2O3为固化剂,研究铝酸盐水泥和ρ-Al2O3对磷酸盐结合高铝质浇注料性能的影响。结果表明,单独采用ρ-Al2O3为固化剂其硬化效果差,且随ρ-Al2O3加入量的增大,施工性能降低;单独采用铝酸盐水泥不利于浇注料的高温性能;而采用ρ-Al2O3和铝酸盐水泥复合固化硬化效果好,且浇注料综合性能比单独使用ρ-Al2O3或铝酸盐水泥均有显著提高。     

Effects of Bofu-Tsusho-San on Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia Associated with AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Glucose Transporter 4 in High-Fat-Fed Mice

This study was undertaken to examine the effect and mechanism of Bofu-tsusho-san formula (BO) on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and in mice fed with a high-fat (HF) diet. The C57BL/6J mice were received control/HF diet for 12 weeks, and oral administration of BO (at three doses) or rosiglitazone (Rosi) or vehicle for the last 4 weeks. Blood, skeletal muscle and tissues were examined by means of measuring glycaemia and dyslipidaemia-associated events. BO treatment effectively prevented HF diet-induced increases in the levels of triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and leptin (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). BO treatment exhibited reduced both visceral fat mass and hepatic triacylglycerol content; moreover, BO treatment displayed significantly decreased both the average area of the cut of adipocytes and ballooning of hepatocytes. BO treatment exerted increased the protein contents of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle, and caused lowered blood glucose levels. BO treatment displayed increased levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in both skeletal muscle and liver tissue. Furthermore, BO reduced the hepatic expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose production. Therefore, it is possible that the activation of AMPK by BO leads to diminished gluconeogenesis in liver tissue. BO increased hepatic expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), whereas down-regulating decreasing expressions of fatty acid synthesis, including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), resulting in a decrease in circulating triglycerides. This study originally provides the evidence that amelioration of dyslipidemic and diabetic state by BO in HF-fed mice occurred by regulation of GLUT4, SREBP1c, FAS, PPARα, adiponectin and AMPK phosphorylation.     

High Glucose and Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene Ablation Differentially Impact Whole Body and Liver Phenotype in High-Fat Pair-Fed Mice

Ad libitum-fed diets high in fat and carbohydrate (especially fructose) induce weight gain, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans and animal models. However, interpretation is complicated since ad libitum feeding of such diets induces hyperphagia and upregulates expression of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP)—a protein intimately involved in fatty acid and glucose regulation of lipid metabolism. Wild-type (WT) and L-fabp gene ablated (LKO) mice were pair-fed either high-fat diet (HFD) or high-fat/high-glucose diet (HFGD) wherein total carbohydrate was maintained constant but the proportion of glucose was increased at the expense of fructose. In LKO mice, the pair-fed HFD increased body weight and lean tissue mass (LTM) but had no effect on fat tissue mass (FTM) or hepatic fatty vacuolation as compared to pair-fed WT counterparts. These LKO mice exhibited upregulation of hepatic proteins in fatty acid uptake and cytosolic transport (caveolin and sterol carrier protein-2), but lower hepatic fatty acid oxidation (decreased serum β-hydroxybutyrate). LKO mice pair-fed HFGD also exhibited increased body weight; however, these mice had increased FTM, not LTM, and increased hepatic fatty vacuolation as compared to pair-fed WT counterparts. These LKO mice also exhibited upregulation of hepatic proteins in fatty acid uptake and cytosolic transport (caveolin and acyl-CoA binding protein, but not sterol carrier protein-2), but there was no change in hepatic fatty acid oxidation (serum β-hydroxybutyrate) as compared to pair-fed WT counterparts.     

L-精氨酸对高糖高胰岛素诱导心肌细胞肥大的抑制作用

目的探讨L-精氨酸(L-Arg)对高糖高胰岛素(High glucose and insulin,HGI)诱导心肌细胞肥大的抑制作用。方法体外培养乳鼠心肌细胞,将细胞分为正常对照组(5.5mmol/L葡萄糖)、模型组(HGI组,给予25.5mmol/L葡萄糖与0.1μmol/L胰岛素)、L-Arg低、中、高剂量组(给予HGI组药物,并分别加入0.01、0.1和1.0mmol/L的L-Arg)和L-Arg+L-NAME组[给予HGI组药物,并加入0.1mmol/LL-Arg和一氧化氮合酶(Nitric oxide synthase,NOS)特异性抑制剂L-NAME],以细胞表面积、蛋白质含量和心房利钠因子(Atrial natriuretic factor,ANF)mRNA表达为反映心肌肥大的指标,观察L-Arg对HGI致心肌细胞肥大作用的影响;采用Real-timePCR法检测内皮型一氧化氮合酶(Endothelial NOS,eNOS)和诱生型一氧化氮合酶(Inducible NOS,iNOS)mRNA的表达;比色法和硝酸还原法分别检测细胞培养液中NOS的活性和NO的含量。结果 L-Arg呈浓度依赖性地抑制HGI诱导的心肌细胞肥大;并上调eNOS mRNA的表达及NOS的活性,增加NO的浓度。NOS抑制剂L-NAME可完全阻断L-Arg的上述作用。结论 L-Arg可通过激活eNOS表达,促进NO释放,产生抗HGI诱导心肌肥大的作用。     

阿托伐他汀对高血压合并高血脂患者炎症因子的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对高血压合并高血脂患者炎症因子的影响。方法入选62例高血压合并高血脂患者,在常规降压治疗基础上加服阿托伐他汀20mg,睡前服用,1次/d。另入选58例单纯高血压患者和60例正常体检者分别为单纯高血压组和正常对照组。治疗时间12周。检测治疗前后3组研究对象血压、血脂、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、白介素-1(IL-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)等因素的变化。结果治疗前高血压合并高血脂组的血压和血脂明显高于正常对照组,经降脂和降压治疗后血压与血脂显著下降(P<0.05)。高血压合并高血脂组各炎症因子的水平明显高于单纯高血压组和正常对照组(P<0.05),阿托伐他汀治疗后各炎症因子的水平显著下降(P<0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀可改善高血压合并高血脂患者的炎症状态。     

大鼠急性脊髓损伤后热休克蛋白47基因mRNA的转录水平

目的探讨大鼠急性脊髓损伤(Spinal cord injury,SCI)后热休克蛋白47(HSP47)基因mRNA的转录水平。方法将12只Wistar大鼠随机分为1周SCI组、3周SCI组、5周SCI组和8周SCI组,复制钳夹型SCI模型,另设正常对照组和假手术组。分别在SCI后3d及每周进行BBB评分,并在1周、3周、5周和8周采用半定量RT-PCR法检测各组大鼠脊髓组织中HSP47基因mRNA的转录水平。结果SCI后,BBB评分低,随着时间的延长,评分逐渐上升;HSP47基因mRNA的转录水平明显升高,且在第8周升高更为明显。结论Wistar大鼠SCI后,HSP47基因mRNA的转录水平升高,提示其很可能参与了SCI的病理改变过程。     

The Effect of High and Variable Glucose on the Viability of Endothelial Cells Co-Cultured with Smooth Muscle Cells

Diabetes mellitus causes endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of normal (5 mmol/L), high (20 mmol/L), and fluctuating (5 and 20 mmol/L changed every day) glucose concentration in the culture medium on the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultured with human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs). The cultures were conducted on semi-permeable flat polysulfone (PSU) fibronectin-coated membranes immobilized in self-made inserts. The insert contained either HUVECs on a single membrane or HUASMCs and HUVECs on two membranes close to each other. Cultures were conducted for 7 or 14 days. Apoptosis, mitochondrial potential, and the production of reactive oxygen species and lactate by HUVECs were investigated. The results indicate that fluctuations in glucose concentration have a stronger negative effect on HUVECs viability than constant high glucose concentration. High and fluctuating glucose concentrations slow down cell proliferation compared to the culture carried out in the medium with normal glucose concentration. In conclusion, HUASMCs affect the viability of HUVECs when both types of cells are co-cultured in medium with normal or variable glucose concentration.     

High Expression of LAMP3 Is a Novel Biomarker of Poor Prognosis in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3), identified as a molecular marker of mature dendritic cells, is one of the LAMP family members. Its expression was induced by hypoxia, and was associated with hypoxia mediated metastasis in breast and cervical cancers. However, epithelial expression of LAMP3 and its prognostic value in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unknown. In the current study, mRNA expression of LAMP3 in 157 ESCC tissues and 50 adjacent normal tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). LAMP3 protein expression in 46 paired cancerous and normal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then, DNA copy number was examined to observe its potential correlation with mRNA expression. The results showed that both mRNA and protein expression level of LAMP3 was significantly higher in cancerous tissues compared with normal controls (p < 0.001). LAMP3 DNA copy number was amplified in 70% of ESCC tissues and positive correlated with mRNA expression (p = 0.037). Furthermore, patients with higher LAMP3 expression had worse overall survival (HR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.17–3.09, p = 0.010) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.18–2.74, p = 0.006). In conclusion, our results suggest that epithelial LAMP3 expression is an independent prognostic biomarker for ESCC.     

骨髓间充质干细胞对辐射诱发胸腺损伤修复中cyclin-D1和p53基因mRNA转录水平的影响

目的探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)对辐射诱发小鼠胸腺损伤修复过程中cyclin-D1和p53基因mRNA转录水平的影响,为阐明BMSCs在肿瘤发生发展过程中的作用提供理论依据。方法全骨髓贴壁法体外分离、培养C57BL/6小鼠BMSCs。将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为3组:正常对照组、辐射组和辐射+BMSCs组,辐射组和辐射+BMSCs组行1.75 Gy X线全身照射,每周1次,连续4周,复制电离辐射诱发的胸腺损伤模型;辐射+BMSCs组末次照射后,经尾静脉注入BMSCs,0.2 ml/只,细胞浓度为2.0×106个/ml。3个月后处死各组小鼠,取胸腺组织,采用RT-PCR法检测各组小鼠胸腺组织cyclin-D1和p53基因mRNA的转录水平,流式细胞术检测细胞周期。结果辐射组小鼠胸腺组织cyclin-D1基因mRNA的转录水平高于正常对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而p53基因mRNA的转录水平明显高于正常对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。辐射+BMSCs组小鼠胸腺组织cyclin-D1和p53基因mRNA的转录水平低于辐射组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。辐射组小鼠胸腺G1期细胞百分比(29.81%)明显低于正常对照组(55.39%),辐射+BMSCs组小鼠胸腺G1期细胞增多(72.08%)。结论 BMSCs可通过抑制cyclin-D1的过度表达和p53基因的突变,使损伤小鼠胸腺细胞停留在G1期进行修复,进而促进组织的修复,抑制肿瘤的增殖。     

糖尿病肾病相关微小RNA对高糖下肾小球系膜细胞增殖的影响及其机制

目的探讨在高糖培养条件下,糖尿病肾病相关微小RNA(MicroRNA,miRNA)即miR-21对小鼠肾小球系膜细胞生长、增殖的影响,及miR-21高表达对PTEN/PI3K信号途径的影响。方法采用高糖培养的小鼠肾小球系膜细胞模拟糖尿病状态,在Lipofectamine2000介导下经miR-21真核表达质粒pGenesil-miR-21转染,G418筛选获得稳定表达细胞株。采用实时RT-PCR检测转染细胞miR-21的表达水平,MTT法检测细胞增殖,细胞免疫化学法和Western blot法检测PTEN/PI3K信号途径关键分子PTEN、phospho-Ak(tSer473)和PI3Kp85α蛋白的表达水平。结果筛选出的肾小球系膜细胞能稳定高表达miR-21;高表达的miR-21对细胞增殖能力有明显的抑制作用,且可显著下调PTEN的表达水平(P<0.05),同时上调phospho-Akt(Ser473)和PI3Kp85α的表达水平(P<0.05)。结论 miR-21可通过特异性靶向抑制PTEN蛋白的表达,提高phospho-Akt(Ser473)和PI3Kp85α蛋白的表达水平,以减缓肾小球系膜细胞增殖,可能为一个预防和治疗糖尿病肾病新型的潜在靶点。     

Effect of Black Soybean Koji Extract on Glucose Utilization and Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells

Adipocyte differentiation and the extent of subsequent fat accumulation are closely related to the occurrence and progression of diseases such as insulin resistance and obesity. Black soybean koji (BSK) is produced by the fermentation of black soybean with Aspergilllus awamori. Previous study indicated that BSK extract has antioxidative and multifunctional bioactivities, however, the role of BSK in the regulation of energy metabolism is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of glucose utilization on insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipogenesis-related protein expression in differentiated adipocytes with BSK treatment. Cytoxicity assay revealed that BSK did not adversely affect cell viability at levels up to 200 μg/mL. The potential for glucose utilization was increased by increased glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), GLUT4 and protein kinase B (AKT) protein expression in insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 cells in response to BSK treatment. Simultaneously, BSK inhibited lipid droplet accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The inhibitory effect of adipogenesis was associated with downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) level and upregulated Acrp30 protein expression. Our results suggest that BSK extract could improve glucose uptake by modulating GLUT1 and GLUT4 expression in a 3T3-L1 insulin-resistance cell model. In addition, BSK suppressed differentiation and lipid accumulation in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which may suggest its potential for food supplementation to prevent obesity and related metabolic abnormalities.