微视频教育对永久性肠造口患者自我护理能力及生活质量的影响

目的 探讨微视频教育对永久性肠造口患者造口自我护理能力及生活质量的影响,为提高永久性肠造口患者的护理质量提供参考.方法 将低位直肠癌行永久性肠造口患者96例按住院时间分为对照组和观察组各48例,对照组采用常规肠造口护理,观察组在对照组的基础上实施微视频教育,录制肠造口患者初识肠造口、呵护玫瑰、口诀式造口袋更换技术、向阳而行四大版块13个健康教育微视频.结果 两组出院后1个月造口自我护理能力评分及出院后3个月生活质量评分的时间效应、干预效应及交互效应显著(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 微视频教育有利于提高永久性肠造口患者造口自我护理能力及生活质量.     

基于造口工作坊的回授法用于肠造口患者健康教育的效果

目的探讨基于造口工作坊的回授法用于肠造口患者健康教育的效果。方法将80例肠造口患者按入院时间分为观察组和对照组各40例,对照组采用传统健康教育方法,观察组采用基于造口工作坊的回授法进行健康教育。结果观察组出院时造口自我护理能力评分显著高于对照组(P<0.01),但两组出院后3个月造口周围皮炎、造口狭窄、造口水肿、造口脱垂发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论基于造口工作坊的回授法用于肠造口患者健康教育有利于提高患者造口自我护理能力。     

形象化健康教育模式对肠造口患者自我护理能力的影响

目的:探讨形象化健康教育模式对肠造口患者自我护理能力的影响。方法:将我科2009年1月～2012年6月收治的97例直肠癌结肠造口患者随机分为两组,观察组48例、对照组49例。观察组采用形象化健康教育模式,对照组采用常规护理方法。采用问卷调查的方式,收集患者对造口知识的了解程度、对护理工作的满意度、造口自护能力及并发症发生率等,进行对比分析,了解患者对掌握肠造口自我护理能力的影响。结果:观察组患者自我护理能力优于对照组,P<0.01,差异有显著意义。结论:形象化健康教育模式较常规护理方法能快速提高肠造口患者自我护理能力,并能显著改善肠造口患者的生活质量。     

路径化健康教育改善肠造口病人自我效能

目的:评价路径化健康教育提高肠造口病人自我效能的效果。方法 :2012年5月至12月于我院外科肠造口术病人80例,分为干预组和对照组各40例,干预组采用路径化健康教育,对照组采用传统健康教育,分别在病人术前、术后1周及出院时,采用造口自我效能量表调查并比较两组病人自我效能。2015年电话随访调查两组病人术后自我效能。结果:干预组肠造口病人术后1周自我效能评分(74.35±27.90)高于对照组病人自我效能评分(51.30±22.58),P0.05)。术后随访病人62例,失访18例,失访率为22.5%。术后随访干预组病人自我效能评分(108.27±12.29)高于对照组病人自我效能评分(93.93±13.23),P<0.05。结论:应用路径化健康教育能改善肠造口病人术后自我效能。     

健康信念模式在尿路造口患者行为改变中的应用研究

目的探讨健康信念模式在尿路造口患者健康教育中的实施效果。方法将84例尿路造口患者随机分为两组各42例。干预组以健康信念模式为指导进行为期4个月的干预,对照组给予常规健康教育与随访。结果干预后3、6个月干预组并发症发生率显著低于对照组(均P0.01),干预组健康知识、自我效能评分显著优于对照组(均P0.01)。结论健康信念模式用于健康教育,加深患者对造口护理知识的认识和领悟,主动改变不良生活习惯,自觉提高对治疗的依从性,有效控制危险因素,提高患者自我管理能力及降低造口相关并发症。     

基于IMB模型的出院准备计划在结直肠癌永久性肠造口患者中的应用

目的 探讨基于IMB模型的出院准备计划在结直肠癌永久性肠造口患者中的应用效果。 方法 将60例结直肠癌永久性肠造口患者根据病区分为干预组和对照组各30例。对照组接受常规护理,干预组在此基础上实施基于IMB模型的出院准备计划干预。 结果 干预组自我效能总分显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）,干预组造口并发症发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）。 结论 基于IMB模型的出院准备计划能够提高肠造口患者自我效能,降低造口并发症发生率。     

直肠癌预防性回肠造口患者的营养教育

目的 探讨直肠癌预防性回肠造口患者基于自我效能理论的营养教育效果。方法 将66例直肠癌拟行预防性回肠造口患者按收治时间分为对照组(n=33)和干预组(n=33)。对照组实施常规健康教育,干预组实施基于自我效能理论的营养教育。比较两组干预前,出院后1、3个月的BMI、实验室相关营养指标、患者主观整体营养状况评估(PG-SGA)得分及造口自我效能。结果 干预后不同时间点干预组BMI和实验室相关营养指标显著高于对照组,营养状况得分、造口自我效能总分显著优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 基于自我效能理论的营养教育有利于改善直肠癌预防性回肠造口患者的营养状况,提升其造口自我效能水平。     

微信多元化健康教育在肠造口患者自我管理中的应用效果观察

目的:观察微信多元化健康教育在肠造口患者自我管理中的应用效果。方法:将我院2022年2～4月行常规健康教育的25例肠造口患者作为对照组,2022年5～7月行微信多元化健康教育的25例肠造口患者作为观察组,于2组患者术后1 d与出院30 d时,使用健康知识评定量表,评价2组患者对健康疾病知识的掌握程度,采用自我护理能力量表(ESCA)、造口患者生活质量问卷(COH-QOL-OQ),分别评价2组患者护理后自我管理能力及生活质量水平。结果:术后1 d 2组患者对健康疾病知识的掌握程度、ESCA量表指标评分、COH-QOL-OQ量表指标评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),出院30 d时观察组患者对健康疾病知识的掌握评分、ESCA量表与COH-QOL-OQ量表指标评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:微信多元化健康教育模式能够明显改善肠造口患者的个体认知水平,同时提高其自我管理能力和生活质量,效果显著。     

综合护理联合健康教育对直肠癌肠造口患者自护能力的影响

目的 探讨以综合护理、健康教育为联合的护理模式在直肠癌肠造口患者中的应用价值。方法 选取我院2020年1月-2022年9月收治的直肠癌肠造口治疗患者61例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为 对照组30例和试验组31例。对照组实施基础护理,试验组实施综合护理联合健康教育护理。比较两组自我 护理能力、造口护理知识掌握程度以及造口局部皮肤DET评分情况。结果 两组护理后自护能力评分均高 于护理前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;试验组造口护理各项知识掌握度高于对 照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;试验组造口局部皮肤颜色性状、溃疡状态以及T-组织增生评分均 低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 综合护理联合健康教育护理模式可提高直肠癌肠造口 治疗患者的自护能力,且能够提升患者对造口护理知识的掌握水平,进而改善造口附近皮肤情况,值得临 床应用。     

互动护理模式在肠造口术后患者康复管理中的应用

目的探讨互动护理模式在肠造口术后患者康复管理中的应用及效果。方法将136例肠造口患者按入院时间分为对照组(70例)与观察组(66例),对照组实施常观护理,观察组按初始、转变、互助实施和评价4个阶段实施互动护理干预。结果两组干预后术后并发症发生率、自我护理能力比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论互动护理模式有利于提高肠造口术后患者自我护理能力,降低术后并发症发生率,促进术后康复。     

Bringing to light the health needs of African-American men: the Overtown Men's Health Study

Background

The harsh intersections of racism and sexism in US society have contorted roles for African-American men and damaged their social ties, thereby contributing to excess morbidity and mortality in communities of color. The Overtown Men's Health Study is used here as a case study to examine the health needs of African-American men.

Methods

Men aged 18 years and older who resided in the neighborhood of Overtown within Miami, Florida, USA completed an in-person survey administered at 15 community sites: 3 housing complexes, 3 rooming houses, 3 commercial sites, 2 abandoned buildings, 1 large and 1 small public park, 1 union hall, and 1 community center.

Results

The vast majority of respondents (n = 129) were identified as Black/African-American (95.3%). Just 9.3% of the men surveyed were currently married, yet over half were fathers (59.7%). Nearly two-thirds (62.8%) of the men in Overtown reported drinking alcohol, and almost half (47.3%) reported smoking cigarettes. Only one of three (33.3%) Overtown men reported having a primary care physician or health practitioner, and only one of five (20.2%) had received dental care in the previous 12 months. A remarkable one of four (25.6%) Overtown men reported having been a victim of police violence, and nearly two-thirds (65.9%) reported having been incarcerated.

Conclusions

These findings are a call to action issuing from Overtown to other distressed neighborhoods of color within central cities through the USA. Urgent pursuit of measures for reducing social disparities in health for African-American men is ethically compulsory.     

Risk factors for insomnia and burnout: A longitudinal population-based cohort study

Insomnia and burnout are highly prevalent in the general population, calling for understanding of its causes. Taking a broad approach, the aim of this study was to determine various mental and somatic risk factors for development of insomnia and burnout and stratifying for sex and age group. Questionnaire data were used from a Swedish population-based sample aged 18–79 years, from which cohorts without insomnia (n = 1702) and without burnout (n = 1972) at baseline were followed-up after 3 years. Self-reports of eight mental and somatic conditions at baseline were used as independent variables in logistic regression analyses to predict development of insomnia and burnout at 3-year follow-up. All eight studied conditions were significant risk factors for development of both insomnia (odds ratio, OR = 1.62–2.73) and burnout (OR = 2.20–3.21). Burnout and poor self-rated health had the highest ORs for insomnia, and poor self-rated health, anxiety and somatic symptoms had the highest ORs for burnout. The ORs were generally similar between men and women, whereas age groups tended to differ in some of the risk factors. The study highlights the importance of a broad assessment of both mental and somatic conditions in the prevention of insomnia and burnout.     

深圳技术大学新生口腔健康状况调查与分析

目的 调查深圳技术大学2022级新生的口腔健康状况。方法 选取我校2022届新入学大学生为研 究对象，根据世界卫生组织《口腔卫生健康调查基本方法》，借助2022年9月新生入学体检，对新入学的 大学生进行口腔健康状况调查，观察龋病、牙龈炎和阻生牙的患病情况。结果 4140名新入学大学生中龋病 总患病率最高，为11.50%（476/4140）；男生龋病、牙龈炎、阻生齿患病率均高于女生，差异有统计学意 义（P＜0.05）。结论 我校2022届新生的口腔卫生状况不容乐观，口腔疾病种类繁多，其中龋病、牙龈炎、 阻生牙是大学生的常见病、多发病，校医院需加强口腔疾病的防治工作、宣教口腔卫生健康知识和定期组 织口腔检查，对口腔疾病做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗，帮助学生养成良好的口腔卫生习惯，以提高口腔 健康水平。     

Health benefits of seafood for men

Background

Evidence supports the idea that the regular consumption of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega 3s) has positive effects on men's health. The best source of these essential fatty acids is seafood, particularly oily fish. This article summarises evidence pertaining to the benefits associated with regular dietary intake of fish on men's health.

Methods

An extensive review of international academic libraries, databases and published literature was conducted. Quality assessment ratings were applied and thematic classifications based on major health issues relevant to men were constructed.

Results

A total of 168 articles from peer-reviewed journals were identified, with 60 studies providing moderate to high level evidence of an association between the consumption of Omega 3s and health benefits for men. The majority of the studies showed a positive link between the intake of Omega 3s and the prevention and management of chronic disease in men. Evidence also showed a reduced risk of prostate cancer and lower lung cancer mortality in men who consumed high seafood diets.

Conclusion

There is conclusive evidence of an association between the dietary intake of Omega 3s and health benefits for men. However, men are less likely to consume fish as a main protein source, often tending towards diets high in red meat. Health promotion interventions should consider: the attitudes of men toward food and the impact of these attitudes on food choices; men's perceptions of fish and seafood, particularly in comparison to other protein sources; and the role that particular foods play for males in traditional social situations.     

中国西部青海省农村妇女生殖健康需求的研究

目的　调查中国西部农村生殖健康现状 ,了解农村育龄妇女对生殖健康服务的需求 ,为制定有效的干预方案做准备。　方法　使用封闭式调查问卷 ,对青海省互助县农村 1 790名已婚育龄妇女进行调查。　结果　调查对象主要通过医生和计划生育服务人员的服务来获得生殖健康的知识 ( 3 8.8% ) ,通过婚前培训 ( 3 .8% )和学校教育( 1 .7% )获得的比例较低。 93 .65%的调查对象认同“生育一个孩子后放环 ,生育两个孩子后结扎”的避孕节育方法。但如果允许知情选择 ,44.7%选择放环 ,45.5%实行结扎。不知道避孕套有何作用者占 65.8% ,98.5%没有使用过避孕套。 58.5%的调查对象在怀孕期间没有产前检查 ,3 4.3 % 1 4次、0 .9%≥ 1 0次。 91 %的调查对象在家分娩。出现生殖道感染症状时 61 .9%的被调查者没有就诊 ,在就诊者中 79.5%的妇女认为症状未缓解。Logistic分析显示 :年纪越轻、受教育程度越高越重视孕产期保健。　 结论　该西部地区农村生殖健康现状较差 ,主要表现在 :生殖健康知识贫乏 ,通过婚前培训、学校教育来获得生殖健康知识的比例很小 ;男性避孕节育方法的宣传和使用以及孕产期保健、生殖道感染的诊断治疗严重不足。该地区农村育龄妇女对生殖健康服务的需求主要是 :加强婚前和学校生殖健康方面的教育 ,?     

健康营活动在糖尿病伴抑郁症患者中的应用

目的探讨健康营活动对糖尿病伴抑郁症患者心理状态、治疗效果的影响。方法将90例糖尿病伴抑郁症患者随机分为实验组和对照组各45例。实验组在常规治疗和护理基础上安排为期4周、每周3次的健康营活动，即郊外花卉园活动和专题健康教育讲座；对照组行常规治疗和护理。结果4周后实验组疾病相关知识知晓率，SDS、HAMD评分，空腹血糖和餐后2h血糖与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论健康营活动可提高患者疾病知识水平，有效改善糖尿病伴抑郁症患者的心理状态和糖代谢。     

Addressing equitable health of vulnerable groups in international health documents

To reach equity, health policies need to incorporate particular strategies to reach the most vulnerable groups (VGs). International policies and strategies for health are important to frame and facilitate reaching this goal in low-income countries. In order to gain a better understanding of how current international policies address equity in health services for VGs, EquiFrame was developed as an analytical framework. Based on a comprehensive development and validation process, EquiFrame comprises 21 core concepts (CCs), 12 VGs, and a qualitative scoring system. Ten international health policies were selected for analyses. The analyses showed that the international health policies included did mention many of the VGs, with the more general and systems oriented terms being the most frequent. The link between CCs and the VGs was low across the policy documents, and the overall quality of the documents, using the EquiFrame scoring system, was low. Lack of specificity regarding CCs of human rights and limited inclusion of VGs in international health policy documents is problematic and may reduce possibilities for up-scaling and implementing health services in low-income countries that can promote health for all, and particularly the most VGs. EquiFrame offers a tool for evaluating health policies, benchmarking and identifying best practice, and for revising and developing more inclusive policies that can address the challenge of achieving the health-related MDGs and health for all.     

Successful control of schistosomiasis and the changing epidemiology of bladder cancer in Egypt

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by flatworms that live in snail-infested fresh water. It is endemic to 74 countries and affects some 200 million people worldwide, causing an estimated 200,000 deaths annually [1]. Schistosomiasis can affect the gastrointestinal tract and liver (S. mansoni and S. japonicum species), resulting in diarrhoeal disease and hepatic fibrosis, or the urinary tract (S. haematobium) where it causes haematuria, strictures, obstruction, super-infection and, ultimately, cancer. In children and vulnerable adults, systemic effects such as anaemia, malnutrition, stunted growth and impaired cognition can be profound. The association between this parasitic infestation and the development of bladder cancer literally took millennia to uncover. It is unusual for a parasitic disease to result in a fatal neoplastic process, and rarer still to have public health efforts, aimed at eradication of the parasitic menace, to result in a dramatic shift in the epidemiology of the most common cancer in a nation.     

Assessment and treatment of Asian-American survivors of mass violence

This paper presents Asian-Americans' experiences of mass violence with the hope of stimulating much-needed research and clinical activities in this area. After a discussion of the literature on the types of traumatic events leading to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other psychological sequelae, the occurrence of similar events in Asia during the past 40 years which may predispose Asian people to PTSD will be reviewed. Asian cultural coping styles which mitigate against or conceal PTSD will be discussed. Assessment and treatment methods tailored for Asian patients will be outlined. Finally, recommendations for clinical service, training, and research in this area with Asian patients will be presented.