区域防空多传感器管理体系结构与功能模块研究

区域防空多传感器管理是近期研究的一个热点问题。论述了区域防空多传感器管理的军事需求,深入分析了传感器管理和数据融合的关系,在此基础上,提出了3种区域防空多传感器管理的体系结构并分析了其优缺点;运用系统分析的方法构建了区域防空多传感器管理的功能模块,阐述了各模块的具体功能及其算法实现,提出了一种基于BPNN-MADM的目标优先级算法,实现了区域防空多传感器的信息交互和动作协同。     

相控阵雷达系统功能仿真及应用

在国土防空预警网优化问题的研究中,相控阵雷达具有频率捷变等特点和多目标跟踪能力,是构成国土防空预警网的重要组成部分.以雷达组网、组网雷达资源管理及相关算法测试为背景,嵌入到雷达组网仿真平台中并获得实测数据,提供了一种相控阵雷达功能仿真方法,重点讨论了波位编排、目标检测和相控阵雷达的任务调度算法等模块的实现.最后仿真系统对三个普通目标以及一个隐身目标在雷达扫描空域的搜索、验证、跟踪、失跟等雷达事件进行了仿真结果分析,验证了相控阵雷达系统和相关算法的有效性.     

基于最小Fisher信息阵摄动的多传感器管理算法研究

针对区域防空系统多传感器管理中传感器分配的特点,分析了基于协方差控制的传感器分配策略;在交互式多模型滤波基础上,介绍了序贯IMMKF算法;结合矩阵摄动的相关理论,提出了基于最小Fisher信息阵摄动的多传感器管理算法,并给出了相应的计算步骤,为传感器分配提供了一种新途径;文章结合仿真结果说明了该方法的有效性与可行性.     

基于MAS的防空态势感知多传感器管理体系结构研究

针对防空态势感知信息网络的传感器管理问题,提出了基于多智能体系统(MAS)的多传感器管理体系结构。结合防空态势感知传感器管理的特点,深入分析了传感器代理的结构模型和体系结构Agent的构造以及协作行为。对于防空战场资源的优化配置,发挥防空体系的整体效能,提供了一条有效的途径,能够满足实现防空作战信息网络传感器资源优化的实时性和准确性要求。     

面向对象Petri网的网络传感器管理系统建模

传感器资源管理是一个复杂的系统工程，特别是在分布式传感器网络中，传感器种类繁多，使用一般的Petri网建模方法很难对系统作一形象描述。本文提出了一种应用面向对象Petri网对该系统进行建模的方法，并针对网络传感器管理特点，构造了网络传感器管理系统模型。     

基于GPRS和无线传感网络的环境监测系统设计

为实现环境状态的自动、实时监测,无线传感网络由于其技术可靠、低功耗、成本低廉、开发周期短而得到了广泛的应用,但短距离通信这一特点一直制约着这一技术的广泛应用。本文将无线传感网技术和GPRS网络相结合,并对无线组网方式和深度以及传感器选型进行分析,实现了一种能对环境中多节点、多状态进行实时监测和预警的系统设计。     

基于信息增益和目标威胁度的多传感器管理优化模型

针对信息化防空作战的多传感器资源管理优化问题,分析了防空作战传感器管理,提出了基于信息增益和目标威胁度的多传感器管理优化模型.该模型通过计算传感器对目标的信息熵,获得每个传感器对每个目标最大的信息增益,以此作为代价函数,考虑目标的威胁度,利用线性规划思想进行多传感器对多目标的优化分配,实例分析表明该模型的有效合理性.     

基于分层模糊有色Petri网的防空C~3I系统建模研究

通过分析某防空C~3I系统的组成和运行方式,针对系统结构复杂、多种资源、资源多种模糊属性等特点,定义了一种分层模糊有色Petri网HFCPN,并给出具体的推理算法。在此基础上建立该防空C~3I系统模型,从而提出了一种建立防空C~3I系统分析模型的新方法。最后通过应用实例验证了该方法在描述系统分布、并发、异步等特性的同时,分析系统资源多种模糊属性问题的能力。     

防空监视网络传感器资源的动态协商分配

针对防空监视网络的传感器管理问题，讨论了传感器资源的多代理动态协商分配方法。结合防空监视网络传感器的功能，提出了传感器代理协商分配传感器资源的协商协议机制，设计了用于传感器资源协商分配的3个协议并且仿真评价了协议的应用条件。传感器资源的动态协商分配，充分利用了传感器代理的自治性和协作性，能够满足实现防空监视网络传感器资源的动态分配的实时性和准确性要求。     

无线传感器网络动态覆盖的CVT算法

覆盖控制是无线传感器网络中的基本问题之一,动态覆盖问题又在很多领域有其独到的应用价值。为了更好地实现动态覆盖,基于集中式Voronoi网格细分（ CVT）理论,结合Lloyd算法,提出了一种无线传感器网络动态覆盖算法,通过调整目标覆盖区域几何边界,协同调度无线传感器网络节点,从而实现目标区域无线传感器网络动态覆盖。在仿真中,进行了正方形、正方形—圆形障碍静态边界区域覆盖实验和正方形—长方形目标区域、正方形—十字形目标区域、正方形—H形目标区域动态边界覆盖实验,验证了控制算法的有效性,并对不同目标覆盖区域形状、节点数量、覆盖程度、覆盖效率进行了分析。     

Sensor Resource Management driven by threat projection and priorities

This paper extends previous Sensor Resource Management (SRM) work by addressing information flow from sensor inputs to SRM, through four levels of the US DoD’s Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) sensor fusion model. The method flexibly adapts to several domains/problems. Human situation awareness information needs are linked to sensor control in a manner similar to perception management. The key to effective integration of JDL levels is the timely determination of the highest priorities via threat projection accomplished via Probabilistic Accumulative Situation Calculus (PASC), which quantifies threat intent using an appropriate level of automated context-based reasoning. The accuracy of the threat projection is improved over time using self-learning techniques. The multiple sensor system levels are unified primarily using the structure of quantified priorities. Algorithms are presented for a radar sensor resource allocation and adjustment method in which the dwell time per track parameter is the key radar sensor resource to be managed. A developed application of the method to an Integrated Air Defense System (IADS) sensor system problem is detailed, with simulation results shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.     

一种结合功率控制的无线传感器网络区域定位算法

在无线传感器网络中,获取传感器节点的位置信息对于许多相关的应用十分重要.首先分析了现有的无线传感器网络定位算法,然后提出了一种结合功率控制的区域定位算法(ALPC),该算法将传感器节点的位置估计在一个小区域中,而不是寻找它的精确坐标,由sink节点完成复杂的计算,传感器节点无需进行大量的通信和计算,节省了能量并延长了网络的寿命;根据实测数据讨论了时空域对信号传播模型的影响,以及这种影响如何改变定位粒度;利用区域命名机制减小了网络流量负载提高了网络的可靠性;最后,通过仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

The Soft Real-Time Agent Control Architecture

Real-time control has become increasingly important as technologies are moved from the lab into real world situations. The complexity associated with these systems increases as control and autonomy are distributed, due to such issues as temporal and ordering constraints, shared resources, and the lack of a complete and consistent world view. In this paper we describe a soft real-time architecture designed to address these requirements, motivated by challenges encountered in a real-time distributed sensor allocation environment. The system features the ability to generate schedules respecting temporal, structural and resource constraints, to merge new goals with existing ones, and to detect and handle unexpected results from activities. We will cover a suite of technologies being employed, including quantitative task representation, alternative plan selection, partial-order scheduling, schedule consolidation and execution and conflict resolution in an uncertain environment. Technologies which facilitate on-line real-time control, including meta-level accounting, schedule caching and variable time granularities are also discussed. Effort sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory Air Force Materiel Command, USAF, under agreements number F30602-99-2-0525 and DOD DABT63-99-1-0004. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. This material is also based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. IIS-9812755 and IIS-9988784. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Furthermore, the views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government.     

Satellite discrimination of snow/cloud surfaces

Differentiaiion between cloud cover and snow surfaces using remotely sensed data is complicated by the similarity of their radiative temperatures, and also by their similar reflectances at visible wavelengths. A method of cloud analysis over snow-covered regions is presented, using l.5l-l.63μm data from an experimental sensor on board a U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program platform. At these wavelengths, snow appears relatively ‘black’ while clouds are highly reflective. The spatial structure of the 1.51-1.63 μm reflectivity fields over a continuous snow surface are examined. Plots of mean reflectance against coefficients of variation for 4×4 pixel areas reveals a cluster of points have low reflectivity and low variability, corresponding to snow-covered (cloud free) areas, and a similar cluster with high reflectances corresponding to 100 per cent cloud cover. For the case of a single layered cloud, the radiances associated with partially filled fields of view are also inferred.     

Quantifying urban land use and impact on soils in Egypt using diurnal satellite imagery of the Earth surface

Conversion of agricultural land to urban use represents a potential loss of agricultural productivity, especially in areas where arable land is in short supply. Using derived products from both daytime (Landsat sensor data) and night-time imaging systems (U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS)) we examined the impacts of urbanization on soils in Egypt; a country with very limited agricultural land. We concluded that urban land cover types to occupy 3.7% of the total area of Egypt and that over 30% of the soils most suitable for agriculture are under urban land cover. Analysis of multiyear historical DMSP/OLS data sets (digitized from paper images) proved unreliable for long-term urban growth estimates.     

Status and outlook for DoD configuration management requirements

Since the release of Department of Defense (DoD) Directive 5000.29, “Management of Computer Resources in Major Defense Systems,” 26 April 1976, a significant increase in interest and emphasis on software configuration management has occurred. A review of the current status of configuration management within the DoD computer resources management environment is provided, and some predictions on future configuration management activities are offered.     

面向对象的空中交通流量管理系统建模与仿真

针对我国空中交通流量日益增长的空中交通管理的现状,研究建立空中交通流量管理系统,通过监视一定范围的空中交通状况,进行交通流量的预测和控制。面向对象理论已成为复杂系统设计和分析中一种必不可缺的工具,这种技术为交通流量管理系统的研究提供了重要的平台。利用抽象、分类、封装、继承、关联、消息通讯等概念建立的交通流量管理系统的模型结构清晰,更好的反映了系统的工作流程和各模块间的交互关系。     

Using quantitative models to search for appropriate organizational designs

As the scale and scope of distributed and multi-agent systems grow, it becomes increasingly important to design and manage the participants’ interactions. The potential for bottlenecks, intractably large sets of coordination partners, and shared bounded resources can make individual and high-level goals difficult to achieve. To address these problems, many large systems employ an additional layer of structuring, known as an organizational design, that assigns agents different roles, responsibilities and peers. These additional constraints can allow agents to operate more efficiently within the system by limiting the options they must consider. Different designs applied to the same problem will have different performance characteristics, therefore it is important to understand the behavior of competing candidate designs. In this article, we describe a new representation for capturing such designs, and in particular we show how quantitative information can form the basis of a flexible, predictive organizational model. The representation is capable of capturing a wide range of multi-agent characteristics in a single, succinct model. We demonstrate the language’s capabilities and efficacy by comparing a range of metrics predicted by detailed models of a distributed sensor network and information retrieval system to empirical results. These same models also describe the space of possible organizations in those domains and several search techniques are described that can be used to explore this space, using those quantitative predictions and context-specific definitions of utility to evaluate alternatives. The results of such a search process can be used to select the organizational design most appropriate for a given situation. This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Centers Program under NSF Award No. EEC-0313747. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Effort also sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory Air Force Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F30602-99-2-0525. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Air Force Research Laboratory or the US Government.     

中小城市公共卫生安全预警反应系统设计

预警反应系统是公共卫生安全的控制与指挥平台,结合中小城市特点,规划了系统拓扑结构,设计了预警反应中心的业务功能和数据交换与共享、网络与通信、安全保障三大支撑体系,构建了系统数据库框架,分析了系统基本业务流程,还进一步指出了系统开发的技术重点与难点.     

Getting started on software metrics

The principles on which the Software Management Metrics system is based are discussed. The system collects metrics at regular intervals and represents current estimates of the work to be done, the work accomplished, the resources used, and the status of products being generated. The lessons learned in the eight years since Software Management Metrics were first imposed on the US Air Force's software contractors are reviewed