慢性阻塞性肺病患者细胞粘附分子表达研究

对慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ）表面的ＣＤ１１ａ／ＣＤ１８，ＣＤ１１ｂ／ＣＤ１８（ＡＰＡＡＰ法）及ＣＤ４４（流式细胞分析法）粘附分子表达及血浆中可溶怀Ｅ．Ｐ．－选择素水平进行检测。结果：ＣＰＯＤ急性加重期患者ＰＢＭＣｓ表面ＣＤ１１ａ、ＣＤ１１ｂ及ＣＤ４４分子表达明显增高，血浆中可溶性Ｅ．Ｐ－选择素水平亦显著增高，与正常人及缓解期患者相比均有显著性差异。综合治疗可使血浆     

异种移植中两条识别途径的细胞及分子基础研究初探

为探讨猪（供者）人（受者）异种移植时人Ｔ细胞的识别途径，以人ＰＢＭＣ为受者反应细胞，猪ＰＢＭＣ为供者刺激细胞建立异种ＭＬＲ模型，应用去除ＡＰＣｓ、３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入、单克隆抗体封闭及ＦＡＣＳ分析方法，研究了供者（猪）和受者（人）ＡＰＣｓ及受者粘附分子在ＭＬＲ中作用，并动态观察了ＣＤ４＋和ＣＤ８＋细胞增殖变化。结果发现去除供者及受者ＡＰＣｓ均可降低异种ＭＬＲ（Ｐ＜０．０５），而以前者更为明显（Ｐ＜０．０１），若两者ＡＰＣｓ均去除，ＭＬＲ仅表现为弱阳性；并观察到ＣＤ４＋细胞自ＭＬＲ第１天开始逐渐升高，ＣＤ８＋细胞第３天开始升高。利用ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８、ＣＤ１１ａ、ＣＤ１８、ＣＤ５４及ＣＤ５８单抗封闭人淋巴细胞表面分子后，可不同程度抑制ＭＬＲ（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＣＤ１１ｂ和ＣＤ４４无此作用（Ｐ＞０．０５）。本结果证实，Ｔ细胞异种识别中存在直接识别和间接识别途径，并首先活化ＣＤ４＋Ｔ细胞，且有多种粘附分子参与识别作用。     

何杰金病患者血清中可溶性CD30升高与临床特征和预后相关

何杰金病患者血清中可溶性ＣＤ３０升高与临床特征和预后相关［英］／ＮａｄａｌｉＧ…ＪＣｌｉｎＯｎｃｏｌ．１９９４；１２（４）．－７９３～７９７ＣＤ３０分子量为１２００００，何杰金病（ＨＤ）患者Ｒｅｅｄ－ｓｔｅｒｎｂｅｒｇ细胞（Ｈ—ＲＳ细胞）表面表达此分...     

在BCR介导的细胞凋亡中辅助分子CD19、CD22及IgM交联的重要性

在ＢＣＲ介导的细胞凋亡中辅助分子ＣＤ１９、ＣＤ２２及ＩｇＭ交联的重要性（文摘）［英／ＣｈａｏｕｃｈｉＮ…／／ＪＩｍｍｕｎｏｌ１９９５；１５４：３０９６」体外培养的Ｒａｍｏｓ细胞（人Ｂｕｒｋｉｔｔ淋巴瘤细胞衍生的细胞系）用抗膜表面ＩｇＭＭｃＡｂ处理，能...     

CIK细胞的体外增殖及杀瘤活性的实验研究

通过第１天在外周血淋巴细胞中加入γ－ＩＦＮ，第２天再加入ＩＬ－２、ＣＤ３单抗和ＩＬ－１，获得了已被定义为多种细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（Ｃｙｔｏｋｉｎｅ ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄ ｋｉｌｌｅｒ ｃｅｌｌｓ）即ＣＩＫ细胞。通过学种方法，使外周血中微是的ＣＤ３＾＋ＣＤ５６＾＋细胞得到大量扩增。这种ＣＤ３＾＋ＣＤ５６＾＋细胞被证明是Ｔ细胞并具有ＮＫ细胞表面标志ＣＤ５６抗原。ＣＩＫ能溶解多种肿瘤细胞，表面为非ＭＨＣ限制     

甲状腺素体外对Graves病T、B细胞功能异常影响的研究

目的：探讨Ｇｒａｖｅｓ病（ＧＤ）患者异常升高的甲状腺激素与免疫异常之间的因果关系,和抗甲抗腺药治疗ＧＤ期间加用甲状腺素（Ｔ４）的作用方法：将ＧＤ患者外在单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）在不同浓度的Ｔ４条件下外培养６ｄ后,检测Ｔ细胞亚群和增减上清中可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）及ＬｇＧ的含量。结果：与正常对照组相比培养后的ＧＤ患者ＰＢＭＣ中ＣＤ８＋Ｔ细胞亚群百分率明显减少（Ｐ〈０．０１）;培养上清中Ｓ     

Graves氏病患者细胞免疫功能探讨

用流式细胞仪检测结果提示，Ｇｒａｖｅｓ氏病患者在急性期外周血中ＣＤ、ＣＤ细胞数无变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＣＤ细胞明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。缓解期患者ＣＤ、ＣＤ、ＣＤ细胞数及ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值均无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。用化学比色法定量测定患者中性粒细胞吞噬功能。与正常对照组相比，Ｇｒａｖｅｓ氏病患者的中性粒细胞吞噬功能有明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这些指标对Ｇｒａｖｅｓ氏病病因机制的探讨及治疗后预后观察具有一定的帮助。     

CD23与相关疾病的研究进展

ＣＤ２３是分布于多种血细胞和上皮细胞上的ＩｇＥ低亲和力受体。存在于细胞上的ＣＥ２３可裂解到血液中成为可溶性ＣＤ２３（ｓＣＤ２３），具有多种生物学功能。近年研究发现ＣＤ２３与多种疾病有关，如变态反应性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、白血病和肾小球疾病等。这些疾病外周淋巴细胞ＣＤ２３阳性率和血清ｓＣＤ２３含量显著增加，并与疾病严重程度呈正相关，经有效治疗后ＣＤ２３阳性率及血清ｓＣＤ２３含量显著下降，这些研究为探     

T细胞性淋巴瘤组织CD56的检测及其与EB病毒的关系

目的探讨Ｔ细胞性淋巴瘤（ＴＣＬ）中ＣＤ５６的表达情况及ＣＤ５６阳性表达同爱波斯坦－巴尔病毒（ＥｐｓｔｅｉｎＢａｒＶｉｒｕｓ,ＥＢＶ）感染的关系。方法对４６例ＴＣＬ进行ＣＤ５６的免疫组织化学ＬＳＡＢ法检测及ＥＢＥＲｓ的原位杂交检测。结果（１）４６例ＴＣＬ中８例ＣＤ５６阳性（１７．４％）,其中鼻腔、咽部和口腔阳性率最高（５／１７例,２９．４％）。弥漫性大细胞型淋巴瘤ＣＤ５６阳性率最高（６／１６例,３７．５％）。（２）４６例ＴＣＬ中２４例ＥＢＥＲｓ阳性（５２．２％）。（３）８例ＣＤ５６阳性病例中,４例ＥＢＥＲｓ阳性。结论ＣＤ５６的表达同ＴＣＬ发生部位和类型有一定关系。ＣＤ５６阳性表达与ＥＢ病毒感染未发现相关性     

CD45研究进展

ＣＤ４５又称白细胞表面共同抗原（Ｌ－ＣＡ），是细胞膜表面大分子糖蛋白家族，以至少五种形式选择性地表达于除成熟红细胞和血小板以外的所有血细胞，ＣＤ４５异构体可作为划分某些Ｔ细胞亚群的标志，在Ｔ细胞发育成熟及活化的不同阶段均伴随着ＣＤ４５异构体的转换。ＣＤ４５分子参与多种免疫功能，其高度保守的胞浆区具磷酸酪氨酸磷酸酶（ＰＴＰａｓｅ）活性，使得其在信号传导及淋巴细胞效应功能中起重要作用。     

Usefulness as guided bone regeneration membrane of the alginate membrane

Alginate membrane is a new bioabsorbable, guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane, which is placed directly on the surface of the bone defect. It is designed to drop a calcium chloride aqueous solution into the bone defect, which is filled with sodium alginate aqueous solution. Alginate membrane is an excellent agent for this procedure due to its close assimilation to the surface of the bone. In this study, we evaluated the short-term biocompatibility of alginate membrane in the bone defects of rat tibiae. GBR membrane availability was also examined. Consequently, we found that the healing process in bone defects covered with an alginate membrane was delayed in comparison with that of controls, however, the defect was restored to nearly original condition. In contrast, in the controls, bone defect repairs exhibited partitioning as a result of connective tissue involvement. Furthermore, we observed a relation between the sodium alginate concentration and the rate of absorption of the sodium alginate membrane. Absorption of a 1.5% sodium alginate membrane was slow. As a result, the compound was not absorbed completely and bone repairs resembled an hourglass. Moreover, the inflammatory response was absent surrounding the alginate membrane. The present findings suggested that the alginate membrane functions effectively as a GBR membrane. In addition, the alginate membrane derived from 3% calcium chloride and 1% sodium alginate was most suitable as a GBR membrane.     

Immunochemical comparison of synaptic plasma membrane and synaptic vesicle membrane antigens

Summary A synaptic vesicle fraction and a synaptic plasma membrane fraction obtained after subfractionation of synaptosomes from chick forebrain have been used to produce antisera in rabbits.Immunofluorescence histology with the two antisera revealed that they reacted strongly with synaptic terminal regions present in the chick forebrain, cerebellum and spinal cord. In addition, the synaptic plasma membrane antiserum (but not the synaptic vesicle antiserum) reacted with preterminal axons in the cerebellum and spinal cord.Comparison of the two antisera by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, revealed the presence of common antigens in the synaptosomal vesicle and plasma membrane fractions.Incubation of synaptosomesin vitro with the synaptosomal vesicle antiserum and complement produced a dose-dependent inhibition of synaptosome swelling up to a maximum of 55% of that obtained with the synaptosomal plasma membrane antiserum. The results of this test are consistent with the hypothesis that some synaptosomal vesicle antigens may be present also in the synaptosomal plasma membrane and imply that they face the external surface of the synaptosomes.The fate of vesicle membrane components in synaptosomal plasma membranes is not known. The possibility is discussed that they may be recycled locally by a mechanism similar to that proposed by Heuser and Reese (1973) for re-use of synaptic vesicle membranes at the neuromuscular junction.     

膜脂质构成对淋巴细胞膜特性及膜蛋白结构与功能的影响

本实验通过人为改变淋巴细胞胞膜脂质构成，进而研究了膜脂质，尤其是膜胆固醇，对淋巴细胞膜生物物理特性及膜蛋白结构，以及Ｃａ２＋通道蛋白活性的影响。结果显示，随着胞膜磷脂（ＰＬ）／胆固醇（Ｃｈ）摩尔比的降低，膜脂质的微粘滞性升高，活化淋巴细胞超极化反应增强，胞浆游离钙浓度［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ及Ｃａ２＋跨膜流动增加，且上述膜电位及Ｃａ２＋内流的变化可因Ｃａ２＋通道受阻而减弱或消失。提示膜脂质可通过调节Ｃａ２＋通道蛋白活性，进而影响Ｃａ２＋跨膜内流及膜电位。另外，膜脂质组成改变后，膜蛋白内源性荧光强度及最大发射波长峰位的变化，也表明膜脂质及相关膜特性可影响膜蛋白的结构与功能。     

Direct measurements of membrane potential and membrane resistance of human red cells

1. In order to evaluate the membrane potentials calculated from the distribution of chloride ions in human red cells and plasma, it is desirable to have a direct measurement of the transmembrane potential of these cells.2. A method has been devised for introducing a capillary micro-electrode into human red cells. The method allows simultaneous measurements of potential and membrane resistance with only one micro-electrode located in the cell.3. Upon impalement of single cells in plasma, a scatter of membrane potentials and of resistance values was obtained. The potential drop never exceeded -14 mV and the maximum resistances were about 7 Omega. cm(2). Positive potentials were obtained on impalement of red cell aggregates.4. Arguments are given to support the view that it is in these cells which suffer least damage from the impalement that maximum values of membrane potentials and resistances are observed. The errors caused by the change in the liquid junction during the impalement have been estimated.5. As judged from this study, it seems permissible under normal conditions to calculate the membrane potential of the red cell from the chloride concentrations in plasma and in intracellular water.     

Imaging plasma membrane proteins in large membrane patches of Xenopus oocytes

We describe the preparation of a Xenopus oocyte plasma membrane patch attached to a cover-slip with its intracellular face exposed to the bath solution. The proteins attached to the plasma membrane were visualized by confocal microscopy after fluorescence labelling. Since cortical microfilament elements were detected in these plasma membrane preparations we termed the patches plasma membrane-cortex patches. The way these patches are formed and the low concentration of proteins needed for cytochemical detection make the membrane-cortex patches similar to electrophysiological membrane patches and therefore allow the cytochemical study of ion channels to be correlated with electrophysiological experiments. Furthermore, the described patch is similar to manually isolated plasma membranes used for biochemical analysis by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Cytochemical analysis of membrane-cortex patches also enables the detection of the two-dimensional pattern of organization of membrane proteins (clustered or non-clustered forms). In addition, patch preparations enable cytochemical study of the relative localization of membrane proteins. The methodology enables integration of electrophysiological, biochemical and cytochemical studies of ion channels, giving a comprehensive perspective on ion channel function.     

The SlyB outer membrane lipoprotein of Burkholderia multivorans contributes to membrane integrity

SlyB is a small lipoprotein of 158 amino acids which is conserved in different Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast to other bacteria, where slyB is monocistronic, in Burkholderia multivorans and in B. cenocepacia, slyB is the last gene of an operon comprising three open reading frames encoding a putative thiol peroxidase, a putative sugar kinase and SlyB. B. multivorans slyB mutants produced elongated cells and filaments which were never observed in cultures of wild-type or slyB-complemented cells. The slyB mutant also showed increased sensitivity to EDTA and SDS, and decreased siderophore production. Proteome analysis of a fraction enriched for membrane proteins suggested that SlyB, like the peptidoglycan-associated protein OpcL, is a major protein of the outer membrane. Taken together, these phenotypes suggest that SlyB contributes to the integrity of the cell envelope. By PCR amplification we were also able to demonstrate the conservation of slyB in all B. cepacia complex species tested.     

Identification of surface membrane proteins and surface membrane antigens of plasmodium chabaudi merozoites

Surface membrane proteins of viable merozoites of Plasmodium chabaudi were iodinated by the Iodogen method and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thirteen surface membrane proteins ranging from 22 to 270 kDa were thus identified. Most of these proteins could be immunoprecipitated by sera of mice immunized with extracts of P. chabaudi. A few, however, were precipitated only by sera of mice challenged with living parasites after immunization.     

Characterization of membrane materials and membrane coatings for bioreactor units of bioartificial kidneys

The bioreactor unit of bioartificial kidneys contains porous membranes seeded with renal cells. For clinical applications, it is mandatory that human primary renal proximal tubule cells (HPTCs) form differentiated epithelia on the membranes. Here, we show that HPTCs do not grow and survive on a variety of polymeric membrane materials. This applies also to membranes consisting of polysulfone/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PSF/PVP), which have been used in the bioreactor unit of bioartificial kidneys after coating with an extracellular matrix (ECM). Our data reveal that coating with just an ECM does not sufficiently improve HPTC performance on non-HPTC-compatible membrane materials. On the other hand, we have characterized the effects of a variety of surface treatments and coatings, and found that double coating with 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine and an ECM markedly improves HPTC performance and results in the formation of differentiated epithelia on PSF/PVP membranes. We have also synthesized alternative membrane materials, and characterized membranes consisting of polysulfone and Fullcure. We found that these membranes sustain proper HPTC performance without the need for surface treatments or coatings. Together, our data reveal that the materials that have been previously applied in bioartificial kidneys are not suitable for applications with HPTCs. This study elucidates the types of membrane materials and coatings that are favorable for the bioreactor unit of bioartificial kidneys.