聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒复合材料的制备及其对葡萄糖催化性能的研究

采用静电吸附的方法制备出氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒复合物,再利用原味聚合的方法在氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒(GO/CuO-NRs)复合物上原味聚合上吡咯单体。通过对复合材料进行XRD、TEM、SEM和FT-IR的表征,说明制备了聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒(PPy/GO/CuO-NRs)复合材料,并对复合材料电极催化葡萄糖进行了研究。结果表明,复合材料对葡萄糖有良好的催化性能。     

石墨烯/银纳米复合材料的制备及抗菌性能研究

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨(GO),加入一定量的聚乙烯亚胺和硝酸银(PEI-Ag+)配位复合物,通过自组装法组装,利用硼氢化钠的还原性,制备石墨烯/银纳米复合材料。用紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、红外吸收光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、循环伏安法(CV)、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)等手段对所制备的石墨烯/银纳米复合材料进行表征。以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为模型对纳米复合材料的抗菌性能进行研究。结果表明:银纳米粒子负载在石墨烯表面形成石墨烯/银纳米复合物材料,石墨烯/银纳米复合材料对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌生长具有较好的抑制作用,且抗菌性能稳定。当石墨烯/银纳米复合材料浓度为4和15 mg/m L时,分别对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果好。     

氧化石墨烯/环氧复合涂层研究进展

氧化石墨烯是一种性能优异的新型纳米材料,具有较高的比表面积以及大量含氧基团。介绍了氧化石墨烯的表面改性方法,从复合涂料的合成以及性能等方面重点阐述了氧化石墨烯/环氧复合材料的研究进展,同时介绍了复合涂料的防腐机理。展望了氧化石墨烯/环氧复合材料今后的研究方向。     

插层还原法制备纳米钯/石墨烯复合材料的研究

以氧化石墨和氯化双乙二胺钯Pd(en)2Cl2为前驱体,将金属钯前驱体与氧化石墨发生插层反应,再将插层了Pd(en)2+2的氧化石墨在溶液中用NaBH4还原,制备出纳米钯/石墨烯复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)、低温氮气吸附等手段对复合材料进行表征并对复合材料进行了储氢性能的测试。研究结果表明:复合材料具有规则的中孔结构,直径为2~6 nm钯的纳米粒子弥散地分布在石墨烯的层间,起着支撑作用,阻止石墨烯片层的重新聚集;复合材料具有较高的BET比表面积,在77 K及0.11 MPa条件下其储氢量达到了3.4%(质量分数)。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/Graphene Nano- composite

采用氧化还原法制备不同银含量的银/石墨烯纳米复合材料 (银质量分数分别为0%, 30%, 46%, 56%, 63%)。并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、光电子能谱仪(XPS)、高倍透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)分析银含量对银/石墨烯纳米复合材料形态和显微结构的影响。结果表明,氧化石墨和银离子被成功地还原成银/石墨烯纳米复合材料,所得石墨烯由3~4单层碳原子层堆砌缠绕而成,同时银纳米颗粒沉积在石墨烯的表面。银纳米颗粒的介入有效地阻碍了石墨烯的团聚,增大了石墨烯的比表面积。银纳米颗粒的尺寸与银含量相关,当银含量较低时,银纳米颗粒在石墨烯表面具有很好的分散性且粒度基本分布在25~50 nm之间,而当银含量超过46%时将会导致银纳米颗粒的团聚。另外, 银纳米颗粒增强了石墨烯的拉曼效应。     

石墨烯及其衍生物在防腐蚀领域中的研究进展

石墨烯及其衍生物对腐蚀介质具有良好的屏蔽性能.石墨烯化学惰性低、物理性质出色,且其衍生物氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯、石墨烯量子点和氧化石墨烯量子点,具有表面官能团丰富、易于改性以及分散性良好的特点,因此在防腐蚀领域中受到越来越多的科研人员关注.综述了石墨烯耐蚀薄膜和石墨烯衍生物耐蚀复合涂层的研究进展.介绍了"自下而上"和"自上而下"两种石墨烯及其衍生物的主要制备方法,并分别介绍了其在防腐蚀领域中的耐蚀性能和耐蚀机理.概述了石墨烯耐蚀薄膜由于自身的结构缺陷和基体的碳溶解度等原因,造成薄膜无法长期提供防腐蚀保护和不能在众多金属表面直接应用的主要问题,并且针对存在的问题归纳和探讨了新型薄膜制备方法、薄膜结构设计和薄膜参数优化3种主要解决方法.整理了石墨烯衍生物纳米填料在防腐蚀领域中的主要应用方式,包括防腐蚀有机涂料、电沉积和水热法等.还阐述了由于石墨烯纳米填料之间的相互作用力和自身疏水性导致其在涂层内部分散性差的问题,并且分别对氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯、石墨烯/氧化石墨烯量子点3类纳米填料的优缺点和改性方式进行了综合介绍和分析,探究了纳米填料通过共价结合、静电吸附等改性方式在分散性和疏水性等方面上的提升方法,以及通过锌离子和导电聚合物的电化学保护作用在纳米填料复合涂层长期防腐蚀性能上的改善途径.最后,对石墨烯及其衍生物在防腐蚀领域中仍然存在的问题和发展趋势进行了总结和展望.     

石墨烯在防腐防污涂料中的应用进展

石墨烯具有极好的阻隔性能、屏蔽性能及化学稳定性,其在防腐防污涂料中的应用已经被深入研究。介绍了石墨烯对防腐防污涂层性能的影响:降低水、氧气等腐蚀介质的渗透率,加强抗生物附着性,抑制微生物腐蚀。分析了石墨烯在涂料中的应用缺陷及产生原因:极强的范德华力导致石墨烯在涂料中分散性差、易团聚,高化学稳定性及疏水性导致石墨烯与成膜物质结合性差,超高的导电性导致石墨烯膜在失效时加速金属腐蚀。综述了为应对石墨烯在防腐防污涂料中的应用缺陷,国内外学者采用的主要方法:采用改性处理方法制备改性石墨烯(GO、RGO、FG)以及合成石墨烯复合颗粒(石墨烯修饰纳米粒子,即GO-Al2O3颗粒、GO-TiO2颗粒、GO-SiO2颗粒等;树脂负载石墨烯复合填料,即石墨烯/聚苯胺复合填料等)。最后展望了石墨烯及其衍生物在防腐防污涂料中的发展。     

Ag2S/rGO纳米复合材料的细菌还原制备及光电性能研究

以一种革兰氏阴性菌(S. oneidensis MR-1)为生物还原剂,Na2S2O3为电子受体,在氧化石墨烯(GO)表面原位合成了Ag2S/rGO纳米复合材料,对其进行了表征和光电性能测试。结果表明,细菌还原得到粒径约10 nm的Ag2S纳米粒子,均匀分布在还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)上;光电性能测试表明,与纯Ag2S相比,Ag2S/rGO纳米复合材料电极的光电流密度约提高了3倍,光生电子-空穴对的分离效率更高,表现出更加优异的光电化学性能。     

纳米阻燃母液提高APP/PER/MEL防火涂料耐水性研究

用Solsperse17000超分散剂对纳米二氧化硅和纳米氢氧化镁表面进行包覆改性,再加入树脂、助剂等,经球磨和超声波分散制成纳米阻燃母液,并配制出不同纳米母液含量的纳米改性防火涂料.用透射电子显微镜分析(TEM)和红外光谱分析(FT-IR)研究纳米粒子分散状态和稳定机制.用红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜分析(SEM)、浸水失重曲线分析、差热分析(DTA)研究在水介质中纳米改性防火涂料形貌变化、分子结构变化、水介质传输行为和浸水前后防火涂层的热降解行为.结果表明:4%纳米阻燃母液能有效提高APP/PER/MEL防火涂料的耐水性,且不损害它的热降解行为和防火性能.     

石墨烯/SnO2/Cu复合材料微观组织及性能研究

采用微波水热合成法对石墨烯进行表面改性,形成石墨烯/SnO2纳米复合物;将其用于粉末冶金法制备石墨烯/SnO2/Cu复合材料。采用多种分析测试手段对复合材料的微观组织及性能进行研究。结果表明,石墨烯表面吸附的SnO2纳米颗粒不会在复合材料制备过程中脱落,并可有效抑制石墨烯团聚,提高复合材料的致密度、硬度和热导率等性能。本文制备的石墨烯/SnO2/Cu复合材料致密度为91.0%,硬度为166HBW,热导率139W/(m℃),远高于Graphene/Cu复合材料。Graphene/SnO2/Cu复合材料中,界面结合良好,无开裂和界面反应;基体Cu中的刃型位错、形变孪晶以及石墨烯表面的SnO2纳米颗粒,是导致复合材料电导率下降的主要原因。     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

生物医用NiTi形状记忆合金腐蚀研究进展

镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTi-SMA)具有较好的耐腐蚀和机械性能,在口腔和临床医学中有着大量而广泛的应用。NiTi-SMA腐蚀后释放Ni²⁺会引发细胞毒性和过敏反应,进一步提高NiTi-SMA的耐蚀性是目前生物医学材料领域发展的核心之一。本文对近年来国内外有关口腔医学和临床医学中常用NiTi-SMA的腐蚀研究现状进行了总结,同时也对NiTi-SMA增材制造及表面改性技术进行了评述,以期为开发高性能抗腐蚀生物医用NiTi-SMA提供一定的指导意义。     

Li掺杂Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3高熵陶瓷的制备及介电性能研究

近年来,在高熵合金基础上发展起来的高熵陶瓷逐渐引起了研究者的广泛关注,其出现为开发高性能的无机非金属材料提供了新的设计思路。本文采用固相法制备了BaMO3基钙钛矿型高熵陶瓷Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li(1/7-x))O3 (x = 0, 2.3%, 5.3%, 8.3%, 11.3%),并研究了Li含量对高熵陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌及介电性能的影响。结果表明,Li含量对陶瓷结构的影响不大,陶瓷均保持立方钙钛矿结构,且无杂相产生;陶瓷的晶粒尺寸相对较均匀。当x = 0时,即B位七元等摩尔比Ba(Ti1/7Sn1/7Zr1/7Hf1/7Nb1/7Ga1/7Li1/7)O3高熵陶瓷,其介电常数达到了最大值2920 (@100 Hz),相较于已报道的不掺Li的六元高熵钙钛矿陶瓷Ba(Ti1/6Sn1/6Zr1/6Hf1/6Nb1/6Ga1/6)O3提升了近50倍。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of superconductors Ba1−xKxBiO3 and double perovskites Ba1−xKxBi1−yNayO3

Superconductors Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ and body-centered double perovskites Ba_1−xK_xBi_1−yNa_yO₃ have been selectively synthesized by a facile hydrothermal route. The appropriate ratio and adding sequence of initial reagents, alkalinity, reaction temperature and time are the critical factors that influence the crystal growth of the compounds. The purity and homogeneity of the crystals were detected by the ICP, SEM, EDX and TEM studies. Magnetic measurements show that the superconducting transition temperatures T_C of Ba_1−xK_xBiO₃ decrease from 22 K (for x = 0.35) to 8 K (for x = 0.55) with increasing the K doping level.     

Magnetic phase diagrams of the TbRh2−xPdxPdxSi2 and TbRu2−xPdxSi2 systems

The a.c. susceptibility and high field magnetization on TbRh_2−xPd_xPd_xSi₂ and TbRu_2−xPd_xSi₂ compounds were investigated up to 140 kOe. The (T,x) magnetic phase diagrams were determined. For both systems, an increase in the Pd content causes a decrease in the Néel temperature and changes the magnetization curves.     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

Si3N4/Ti/Cu/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4二次部分瞬间液相连接强度

采用Ti/Cu／Ni中间层对Si3N4陶瓷进行二次部分瞬间液相(PTLP)连接，研究连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni连接强度的影响，同时研究了连接强度随试验温度的变化规律。结果表明，在该试验条件下，室温连接强度随着二次连接温度的提高和二次保温时间的延长而提高，改变连接工艺参数对Si3N4／Ti/Cu／Ni二次PTLP连接界面反应层厚度无明显影响；连接强度在试验温度400℃时达到最大，随后随试验温度升高，连接强度降低，但在800℃前，其高温强度具有很好的稳定性。     

Thermoelectric properties of Sn1−x−yTiySbxO2 ceramics

Thermoelectric properties of Sn_1−x−yTi_y Sb_xO₂ ceramics were investigated in detail. The addition of Sb into SnO₂ matrix increased the electric conductivity, σ. The increase in the σ value should be caused by the increase in the carrier concentration. The Seebeck coefficients of all the samples were negative, which means that these samples have n-type conduction. The samples of this study have porous structure. The maximum Z value of all the samples measured in this study was 2.4 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹.     

Structural, electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of SrxCa1−xO, BaxSr1−xO and BaxCa1−xO alloys

The structural, electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of Sr_xCa_1−xO, Ba_xSr_1−xO and Ba_xCa_1−xO ternary alloys in NaCl phase were studied using pseudo-potential plane-wave method within the density functional theory. We modeled the alloys at some selected compositions with ordered structures described in terms of periodically repeated supercells. The dependence of the lattice parameters, band gaps, dielectric constants, refractive indices, Debye temperatures, mixing entropies and heat capacities on the composition x were analyzed for x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1. The lattice constant for Sr_xCa_1−xO and Ba_xSr_1−xO exhibits a marginal deviation from the Vegard's law, while the Ba_xCa_1−xO lattice constant exhibits an appreciable upward bowing. A strong deviation of the bulk modulus from linear concentration dependence was observed for the three alloys. The microscopic origins of the gap bowing were detailed and explained. The composition dependence of the dielectric constant and refractive index was studied using different models. The thermodynamic stability of these alloys was investigated by calculating the phase diagram. The thermal effect on some macroscopic properties was investigated using the quasi-harmonic Debye model. There is a good agreement between our results and the available experimental data for the binary compounds which may be a support for the results of the ternary alloys reported here for the first time.