The Influence of Coaching on Employee Performance: Results From Two International Quantitative Studies

Coaching has been identified as a key managerial behavior that organizations must promote to develop employees and achieve higher levels of performance. Despite this agreement and an increasing interest in coaching, there is still a paucity of studies exploring the impact of coaching on individual performance. This article presents an empirical investigation from two international field studies, one using business‐to‐business salespersons working in Latin America and the other one using business‐to‐consumer frontline employees from a service organization in Canada. Building on leader‐member exchange theory, we propose that coaching increases individual performance beyond the potential impact of sales experience and tenure. We find that coaching can explain between 2.9% and 6.2% of the variance in performance when controlling for tenure and experience. This article makes several scientific and managerial contributions, and also opens new avenues for research.     

宋代会社研究综述

一直以来,会社作为宋代社会的重要基层组织,备受宋史及宋代文学史学者们的关注,无论是对会社组织形态、性质、功能的研究,还是对会社的社会影响及其历史意义的研究,都已达到了相当的深度,但也突显出一些不足。通过审视过去研究中所存在的问题,理清今后研究的路径,会社问题仍不失为宋代社会史研究的热点课题。     

从东方学史看西方学界的丝绸之路研究

19世纪后期至20世纪初,欧洲的一些探险家与东方学家开始深入中亚地区,发现了作为古代东西方商道的"丝绸之路",开启了"路"的历史叙述与研究模式,从历史文献的翻译与阐释进入了实地踏查的阶段,从而带来了东方学研究方式与方法的变化,并且揭示出丝绸之路作为"中国之路"与"东方之路"的性质,展现了此路"以物载文"的文化交流特性。近年来,一些学者在当代世界经济的描述与研究中利用了"丝绸之路"的概念并将其广义化,提出了"新丝绸之路"的概念或撰写"丝绸之路新史",直接或间接地与中国提出的"一带一路"相呼应,表明他们从历史研究走向现实关注。对西方学界丝绸之路研究模式及特点的关注与研究,将有助于人们认识"一带一路"倡议的广阔的国际背景与深刻的历史渊源。     

CAREER PATTERNS OF MEN AND WOMEN IN R&D ‐‐ CONDITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ‐‐ REPORT FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA

The article begins with a brief historical overview of sociological studies in Czechoslovakia from before 1914 to 1990. It then turns to a discussion of the beginning of gender studies with the recent opening of the Gender Studies Centre and Library of Charles Univer‐sity in Prague. The aim of this Centre is both to study the conditions of female education and employment in Czechoslovakia and to propose remedies for the underemployment of women in research and development as well as in other fields considered to be male‐oriented. The task of bringing gender equality to Czechoslovakia will be long, but such organizations as the Gender Studies Centre and Library are bound to make an important impact.     

古希腊神话话语的神学阐释

作为西方文化发展演变的重要思想资源,古希腊神学植根于希腊神话这一古朴的人文精神共同体中,追溯希腊文化之源神话话语所含藏的神学思想,有助于拓展神话研究的空间,发掘其独特的精神价值,尤其是对于把握希腊神话与宗教、希腊精神信仰具有极大的精神启示作用。     

Factors contributing to university image: the postgraduate students’ points of view

Despite several studies having been conducted to examine organizational image from a business perspective, there has not been adequate research in the area of perceived image in nonprofit organizations such as universities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the factors contributing to university image, from the postgraduate students’ point of view. In addition, the impact of the students’ perceived university image on their organizational trust was examined. The population of this study consisted of postgraduate students in 10 of the top Iranian universities. Questionnaires were used to collect the required data. The findings indicated the difference between current practices and ideal values of the factors contributing to the university image. Based on our findings, the factors contributing to university image range from internal and international reputation, university members, and academic planning, to university environment. Furthermore, we found that university image has a significant impact on students’ trust in their university.     

揭开神秘的面纱--评《神话与现实-〈一千零一夜〉论》

郅溥浩所著《神话与现实-<一千零一夜>论》是我国第一部以多层次、多视角研究阿拉伯民间文学《一千零一夜》的专著。作者首先追本溯源,解析《一千零一夜》的成书之谜;其次在国际民间故事研究的宏大视野下,考察其故事母题和故事类型的特点;再用微观求证的方法,以文化参与的开阔视点深入挖掘文本的丰富文化内涵并探究其双重价值取向;最后在宏观的视野下考察其世界地位。     

Historical view of the influences of measurement and writing theories on the practice of writing assessment in the United States

The purpose of this study is to examine the interactions among measurement theories, writing theories, and writing assessments in the United States from an historical perspective. The assessment of writing provides a useful framework for examining how theories influence, and in some cases fail to influence actual practice. Two research traditions are described to classify measurement theories (test-score and scaling), and three research traditions are proposed for classifying writing theories (form, idea and content, and sociocultural context). The results of this study trace the impact of measurement and writing traditions on writing assessment practices within selected time periods during the 20th century in the United States. One of the major findings of this historical analysis is that measurement theory has had a strong influence on writing assessments, while writing theory has had minimal influence on writing assessments. We also found support for the idea that a new discipline of writing assessment has emerged. This new discipline combines multiple fields including the writing, composition, and measurement communities of scholars, and it has the potential to set the stage for the future of writing assessment in the 21st century.     

国际非政府组织对中国人权发展的网络挑战

信息化和全球化的合流为国际非政府组织活动能力的扩展提供了前所未有的强大平台,更为我们提出了新的课题。当前,国际非政府组织对中国人权的网络挑战具有紧迫性。我们必须对这一新的历史现象予以高度重视,寻求对策,从而维护国家利益。     

南京国民政府时期江苏民众团体政治参与特点的历史考察

政治参与作为现代化的重要标志,是现代国家发展过程中不容忽视的重要问题之一。南京国民政府时期,是整个中国社会从传统走向现代的重要时期。江苏作为国民党政权能够真正掌控的地区之一．对其研究具有重要的意义。综合运用历史学、政治学等研究方法,通过丰富的史料,对民国江苏民众团体政治参与问题进行了较为全面的历史考察,大体总结了民国江苏民众团体政治参与的若干特点,大致还原了当时的历史图景。     

组织史研究三题

组织史是研究组织产生和发展演变过程及其规律的一门新兴边缘学科,主要研究各种不同层次组织实体的历史变迁以及历史组织与其他历史现象和现实组织的关系等问题。组织史研究方法主要包括组织史料与组织理论结合的方法、组织史叙述与分析结合的方法、历史组织过程研究与结构研究结合的方法、组织个体史研究与组织分体史研究和组织整体史研究结合的方法、组织史研究与宏观社会历史研究结合的方法以及历史组织比较研究方法等。     

论国际共运史研究中的“国际”视角

在国际共运史学科受到冷落的时代,研究者必须冲破狭隘的研究视野,拓展共运史的研究视野。＂国际＂的视角和方法就是在共运史研究中非常值得重新审视的一种视角和方法。对这一视角和方法的重新审视可以帮助我们更清楚地理解和认识苏联问题,也可以为我们揭示以往国际共运史研究中存在的狭隘性问题。     

The impact of policy and legislation on Maori children with special needs in Aotearoa/New Zealand

The purpose of this article is to review literature related to the impact of policy and legislation on Maori children with special needs. The historical perceptions of disability for Maori will be discussed and the impacts of western influences and policy will be reviewed. The article investigates relevant studies and literature, both national and international, previously carried out in these areas and other corresponding areas of research. It synthesises the main points relating to this review, enabling the reader to gain an awareness of a set of special needs and disability issues as they relate to a specific New Zealand population. These include concepts of disability, Maori and disability issues and special needs education and support provisions for Maori.     

和谐世界理念与中国国际关系理论研究

2005年胡锦涛主席提出的和谐世界的理念试图回答两个问题,一是中国追求什么样理想的国际秩序?二是崛起的中国如何发挥作用将理想的国际秩序变为现实?和谐世界理念的提出不但为中国未来的对外政策规划了战略方向,同时也为中国国际关系理论研究提出了不少值得深入研究的理论方向和与中国崛起紧密相关的研究问题.前者包括安全观念变化、国际安全制度/规范、经济社会发展与国际安全关系、国家间互信合作等的研究;而后者则主要包括中国如何缓解崛起困境以及中国如何借助发展优势推动地区/全球的共同发展.要完成这些研究任务,从事国际关系理论的研究人员需要更加注重经验问题的研究,并且逐步加强与政策研究人员、政府决策部门之间的交流与合作.     

论中国现代传记文学发展进程中的"历史"重负

中国古代的传记文学始终没成为一种独立的文类而受到人们的关注与重视.中国现代"传记文学"主要提倡者胡适和朱东润对传记文学的具体理解与把握明显受到传统史传观念的影响,这种因袭的"历史"重负,在他们以及吴晗等人的写作中表现得很明显.而极力强调传记文学的文学属性的郁达夫、茅盾,以及鲁迅、郁达夫、郭沫若等明显突破"史传"樊篱的传记文学创作则始终未能引起人们足够的重视.这表明:中国现代传记文学在观念上强调作品的史鉴功能,牺牲艺术的趣味性;重视宏大历史叙事,忽略个人化、生活化的叙事;以考据方法取代艺术的虚构与再现;推崇纯客观的史学叙述,抑制情感化、个性化的艺术显现.这种"历史"的重负,正是中国现代传记文学发展不能尽如人意的关键所在.     

对柯林武德史识的评说

史识是历史著作的灵魂,它集中体现历史学家的史学思想,体现历史著作的价值与贡献。柯林武德《历史的观念》是一部专题研讨史识问题的著作。书中提出“一切历史都是思想史”的历史观念。柯林武德把历史学的主体与客观两方面归结为思想,两者的区别仅仅在于是过去的思想与现在重演的思想之别而已。柯林武德这种历史观念是一种史识,尽管新颖,有某些合理性,但不确切,有诸多弊窦。许多历史事件单纯就是史事,本身不是思想,历史学家无从重构其思想。时代变了,时过境迁,感受与感情不一样,历史学家无法重演过去的思想。不同时代不同历史学家去重演过去同一个历史事件之思想会出现五花八门的结果,这样历史就失去客观性、真实性。碰到复杂的国际关系,涉及多国多人且时间跨度长的历史事件,历史学家无法去重演它们的思想。历史事件发生的时刻与后代历史学家去研究它的时候有个时间差,时间距离是很关键因素。时间因素打破了历史学家用自己的心灵去重演过去思想的美梦。柯林武德“一切历史都是思想史”的理论在史学实践中是不可行的。以历史发展规律性的思想指导重构历史是当代最高的史识。     

国际环境非政府组织的演变及其原因

本文主要研究国际环境保护中的一个重要角色一一国际环境非政府组织的演变及其原因．文章认为，20世纪70年代在国际环境非政府组织的发展历史上具有分水岭的意义。在此之前，国际环境非政府组织发展比较缓慢，规模小，数量少，国际影响有限；在此之后，国际环境非政府组织勃然兴起，发展迅速，国际影响日增，成为全球环境保护中的一支重要力量。导致这一巨变的原因有三：第一、环境问题的大量存在及被人类认知，是国际环境非政府组织得以发展的历史背景或基础原因；第二、20世纪70年代以后世界在政治上的分裂状态和生态上的整体性之间的矛盾日益凸显为国际环境非政府组织发挥作用提供了空间：第三、国际环境非政府组织充分发挥自身优势和特点使国际环境非政府组织的发展从可能变为现实。     

On the dichotomy of teacher-centred instruction and self-regulated learning in Russian didactics

The author describes the situation of didactics in Russia from a historical perspective. He develops his argumentation with respect to three comparative studies, relates the comparison to the history of Russian didactics since the 19th century, and includes an analysis of international influences on Russian didactics. The comparison focuses on the dichotomy of teacher-centred instruction and self-regulated learning. In the light of this dichotomy, Russian didacticians have stressed the importance of the ??leading role?? of the teacher and of the ??teacher??s personality??.The Russian didactic tradition may become interesting for future research from an international and even global perspective since teacher-centred instruction seems to be receiving a new, positive evaluation based on empirical studies.     

试论孔子“《诗》可以群”的命题含义及文化意蕴

孔子关于《诗经》的评论对后代《诗经》的研究与接受产生了很大的影响。“兴观群怨”说是孔子诗论中一个重要观点。文章从文化的视角,联系特定的社会历史背景,解读其中一个重要命题即“《诗》可以群”,试图再次探究孔子提出这一命题的深层含义。文章认为“《诗》可以群”对中国民族精神产生了深远的影响,这个命题有深入研究的必要。     

试论非政府间国际组织的国际人格

国际人格是一个相对开放的概念,它并没有把非政府组织排除在外。实际上,非政府组织在国际交往发挥了重要作用,以间接的方式影响了国家和政府间组织的决策,并在一定程度上具有国际人格。非政府组织“民间性”的特征决定了其法律人格受到严格的限制,但不应以此否认这种人格的存在。本文从国际人格的概念说起,分析了非政府间国际组织的作用,从而引出非政府间国际组织的法律地位并指出非政府组织的法律人格是在其与国家、政府间组织的国际合作中产生的。