高血压病早期肾损害相关指标的比较

高血压病早期肾损害即亚临床肾损害期是指良性肾小动脉硬化出现临床症状（水肿、蛋白尿）以前这一段时期,临床上除夜尿增多外,无明显症状.常规反映肾功能的各项血、尿检查（血肌酐、尿素氮、尿常规）均正常,但肾脏的储备功能已经下降,肾小球和肾小管的功能和结构已发生改变,采用放免法等比较灵敏的检查手段可以发现异常（如尿微量蛋白排出量增加等）.笔者通过测定患者的血清胱抑素C（cystatin C,Cys C）、血和尿β2微球蛋白（β2-microglobulin,β2-MG）、尿微量白蛋白（micro-albumin,mAlb）并加以比较,进一步明确各项指标在高血压肾损害患者中的临床意义.     

血胱抑素C、尿肾损伤分子-1水平和血清肌酐在急性肾损伤患者肾功能评估中的比较研究

目的:探讨肾功能状态标志物血胱抑素C、尿肾损伤分子-1水平相较于血清肌酐在评估急性肾损伤中的价值。方法:本研究以2014年2月~2015年6月我院收治的49例急性肾损伤患者以及40例健康体检者为研究对象,采用生化仪测定血胱抑素C以及血清肌酐的浓度变化、双抗体夹心酶标免疫分析法测定尿肾损伤分子-1水平;分析血胱抑素C、尿肾损伤分子-1水平相较于血清肌酐在急性肾损伤患者肾功能状态评估中的价值。结果:在急性肾损伤患者肾功能状态评估中血胱抑素C以及尿肾损伤分子-1的准确性、阳性以及阴性预测值显著高于血清肌酐(P0.05),其余指标不存在统计学差异(P0.05);全部患者以及Ⅰ期患者的血胱抑素C与尿肾损伤分子-1的检测灵敏度要优于血清肌酐(P0.05),而Ⅱ期及Ⅲ期患者无显著差别(P0.05)。结论:血胱抑素C、尿肾损伤分子-1水平均可作为评估急性肾损伤患者肾功能状态的内源性标志物,有助于尽早识别急性肾损伤患者肾功能的损害。     

血清胱抑素C、血清肌酐和尿β2-微球蛋白检测对高尿酸血症肾损害早期诊断的意义

目的探讨高尿酸血症肾损害患者中血清胱抑素C、血清肌酐及尿β2-微球蛋白的检测对评价高尿酸血症早期肾损害的临床价值。方法选取符合原发性高尿酸血症诊断标准的80例患者作为研究组,82例年龄相当的健康人群作为健康组,两组人群分别进行血清胱抑素C、血清肌酐及尿13微球蛋白的检测和相关性分析。结果研究组和健康组β2-组人群中血清胱抑素C、尿β2-微球蛋白间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,血清肌酐间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。研究组中血清胱抑素C与血清肌酐及尿β2-微球蛋白有较好的相关性,而且血清胱抑素C与尿β2-微球蛋白的相关性优于血清肌酐的相关性。结论血清胱抑素C和尿β2-微球蛋白的检测比血清肌酐的检测更能反映肾小球滤过功能的损害程度,是高尿酸血症肾损害早期诊断的敏感、有效指标。     

血清及尿NGAL和胱抑素C对新生儿缺血缺氧性肾损伤早期临床诊断的相关性分析

目的评估和比较血清及尿中性粒细胞胶原酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)和胱抑素C在新生儿缺氧缺血性肾功能损伤中的临床应用价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和胶乳增强免疫比浊法对本院重度窒息70例缺血缺氧性肾功能损伤新生儿患者血、尿中NGAL和胱抑素C含量进行测定并与25例健康新生儿血、尿指标作对比。结果缺血缺氧性肾功能损伤新生儿患者血、尿胱抑素C显著高于健康新生儿,差异有统计学意义。血、尿胱抑素C预测AKI的曲线下面积AUC分别为0.83和0.87,检测阈值分别为1.和0.12 mg/L。然而,血清NGAL表现较差(AUC 0.44),但尿NGAL显示出对新生儿缺血缺氧性肾损伤诊断的显著区分(AUC 0.81),检测阈值为29.5 ng/mL,敏感度为88%,特异性为73%。结论血清和尿胱抑素C和尿NGAL在新生儿缺血缺氧性肾损伤的诊断中有重要意义,其指标的升高与肾脏损害程度密切相关。     

保留肾单位术与根治性肾切除术对肾功能影响的比较

目的比较保留肾单位手术和根治性肾切除手术治疗早期局限性肾癌术后肾功能的变化,同时探讨不同的肾功能指标在临床中的指导作用。方法回顾性分析了南京鼓楼医院2013年6月至2014年10月期间63例早期肾肿瘤患者的临床资料和术后随访资料。35例患者接受保留肾单位术(保肾组),28例患者行根治性肾切除术(根治组),所有的患者均随访满两年,随访期间患者的血肌酐、尿酸、估算肾小球滤过率、胱抑素C、尿微量白蛋白及尿β2微球蛋白被搜集并记录下来。结果 63例患者术后肾功能均有不同程度的变化,术后早期肾功能的损伤表现更为明显。随着随访时间的延长,大部分患者肾功能可逐渐恢复。保肾组术后急性肾功能不全的发生率为34%,根治组急性肾功能不全的发生率为79%,两组差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后总体随访结果显示估测肾小球滤过率、胱抑素C及β2微球蛋白变化差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),而血肌酐、尿酸及尿微量白蛋白差异无统计学意义。虽然两组的尿酸及微量白蛋白水平差异无统计学意义,但保肾组的平均水平低于根治组。在术后肾功能异常的早期检测方面,各指标的独立检测阳性率均较低,尤其是血肌酐、尿酸及估测肾小球滤过率等传统肾功能指标。当各指标互相联合后,肾功能异常的检测阳性率明显提高,保肾组及根治组的联合检测阳性率分别达37.1%和71.4%。结论在早期局限性肾肿瘤的治疗中,保留肾单位手术较根治性手术对患者肾功能的损伤更小。胱抑素C、尿微量白蛋白、尿β2微球蛋白对于发现术后肾功能的早期异常更敏感,可与肌酐、尿酸、估测肾小球滤过率起协同作用。     

血清胱抑素C联合尿微量蛋白检测在糖尿病肾损伤的早期诊断价值

目的探讨术前联合检测血清胱抑素C和尿微量蛋白对糖尿病患者肾损伤的早期诊断价值。方法选取48例拟接受手术治疗的糖尿病患者为观察组,选取同期48例在体检中心进行体检的健康人群为对照组。均采用散射免疫比浊乳胶增强法检测胱抑素C、尿微量白蛋白及β2微球蛋白,并对2组检测结果进行比较。结果观察组患者的血清胱抑素C、尿微量蛋白及β2微球蛋白均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论术前联合检测血清胱抑素C和尿微量蛋白,对于糖尿病患者肾损伤的早期诊断及围手术期处理具有重要的临床价值。     

血清胱抑素C在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的临床价值

目的：探讨血清胱抑素C（cystatinC,CysC）在糖尿病肾病（DN）早期诊断中的应用价值。方法：检测67例2型糖尿病患者24h尿微量白蛋白（UAER）和尿肌酐,并根据UAER结果分成3组,分别检测各组中CysC、血清尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（Scr）及计算内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）值,比较糖尿病各组中CysC与BUN、Scr及Ccr的相关性和诊断效能。结果：在糖尿病各组中血清CysC与BUN、Scr及Ccr均呈显著相关,其中以CysC与Ccr的相关程度最为密切及CysC诊断效能最高。结论：血清CysC在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中具有较高的临床价值,可作为反映肾功能早期损害的标志物之一。     

黄芪注射液治疗慢性肾脏病基础上急性肾损伤的临床研究

目的：探讨黄芪注射液治疗慢性肾脏病基础上急性肾损伤的临床疗效,为治疗该症寻找最佳途径。方法：采用单中心、前瞻性、随机对照研究。将符合纳入标准的96例患者,随机分为对照组和黄芪治疗组,对照组予口服包醛氧化淀粉,碳酸氢钠,生理盐水静脉滴注治疗;黄芪治疗组在常规治疗的基础上,生理盐水加黄芪注射液20ml静脉滴注治疗,每日液体量与对照组相同,维持治疗28d。观察治疗前后肾功能、尿蛋白、血常规、血脂、C反应蛋白、尿微量蛋白等变化,对比两组患者临床短期预后。结果：两组患者基础的24h尿蛋白、尿NAG、血清白蛋白、血脂、血红蛋白、eGFR等指标差异无统计学意义;治疗后,黄芪治疗组血清肌酐、血胱抑素C、C反应蛋白、尿白蛋白和尿IgG较对照组显著降低（P〈0.01）。且黄芪治疗组治疗后血清肌酐、血胱抑素C、C反应蛋白、尿白蛋白和尿IgG均显著低于治疗前基础值（P〈0.01）。而对照组治疗前后各指标差异无统计学意义。结论：在基础治疗上加用黄芪注射液治疗慢性肾脏病基础上急性肾损伤疗效显著,值得临床推广使用。     

胱抑素C测定在2型糖尿病人早期肾损伤的临床意义

目的探讨血清胱抑素C（CysC）、尿微量白蛋白（mALB）、β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）和血肌酐（Scr）对于糖尿病肾病中的变化及临床意义。方法对68例糖尿病肾病病人及对照组（35例）采用免疫比浊法测定血清CysC、β2-MG,生化法测定尿mALB及血清Scr。结果糖尿病肾病病人血清CysC、Scr、β2-MG及尿mALB水平较对照组明显升高（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;CysC与其它3种检测相比阳性率较高,且有较好的正相关。结论血清CysC检测更利于评估肾小球滤过功能,是反映糖尿病肾病病人早期肾损伤的良好指标。     

肝移植病人FK506血药浓度与肾功能检测指标相关关系探讨

目的 探讨他克莫司(FK506)血药浓度与尿微量蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮等肾功能检测指标之间的相关关系。选择灵敏、准确、及时地反映肾功能损伤的检测指标。方法 ELISA检测FK506血药浓度；速率散射比浊法检测尿微量蛋白；酶法检测血尿素氮，碱性苦味酸法检测血肌酐，动态观察各项检测指标与不同血药浓度的关系。结果 尿微量蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮含量与FK506血药浓度呈直线正相关关系。尿α1微球蛋白(A1M)及微量白蛋白(MA)含量与血药浓度呈高度正相关，血肌酐、血尿素氮含量与血药浓度相关程度较低。结论 检测尿A1M及MA含量是监测FK506对肾脏损伤的最为灵敏可靠的指标。     

Cystatin C does not detect acute changes in glomerular filtration rate in early diabetic nephropathy

BACKGROUND: The measurement of renal functional reserve (acute change in glomerular filtration rate [GFR] after protein load) allows the detection of sub-clinical renal dysfunction and has prognostic implications in diabetes. Our aim was to test cystatin C as an index of GFR and renal functional reserve. METHODS: GFR was measured by C(Sinistrin) at baseline and after protein load in 28 diabetic patients with serum creatinine <1.2 mg/dL. The C(Sinistrin) was compared with cystatin C, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and Cockcroft-Gault formula. RESULTS: Baseline C(Sinistrin) ranged from 67-172 mL/min. Regression analysis showed an overall low relationship between C(Sinistrin) and the indirect markers of GFR. The highest correlation with C(Sinistrin) was obtained for cystatin C clearance (R(2) = 0.58, r = 0.76, p < 0.001), the 1/serum cystatin C (R(2) = 0.58, r = 0.76, p < 0.001), and serum cystatin C (R(2) = 0.52, r = 0.72, p < 0.001). Renal functional reserve was preserved in 6 of 28 patients. There was no significant change in cystatin C in response to protein load. CONCLUSION: Wide variation in baseline GFR emphasizes the need for the early detection of renal dysfunction. Cystatin C correlated best with C(Sinistrin) at baseline, but did not detect renal functional reserve.     

Early detection of acute renal failure by serum cystatin C

BACKGROUND: Acute renal failure (ARF) is associated with high mortality. Presently, no specific therapy for ARF exists. Therefore, early detection of ARF is critical to prevent its progression. However, serum creatinine, the standard marker to detect ARF, demonstrates major limitations. We prospectively evaluated whether serum cystatin C detected ARF earlier than serum creatinine. METHODS: In 85 patients at high risk to develop ARF, serum creatinine and cystatin C were determined daily. ARF was defined according to the Risk of renal dysfunction, Injury to the kidney, Failure of kidney function, Loss of kidney function, and ESRD (RIFLE) classification when creatinine increased by >/=50% (R-criteria), by >/=100% (I-criteria), or by >/=200% (F-criteria). In analogy, ARF was detected when cystatin C increased by >/=50%, by >/=100%, or by >/=200%. RESULTS: Forty-four patients developed ARF and 41 served as controls. In ARF by R-, I-, and F-criteria, the increase of cystatin C significantly preceded that of creatinine. Specifically, serum cystatin C increased already by >/=50% 1.5 +/- 0.6 days earlier compared to creatinine. Serum cystatin C demonstrated a high diagnostic value to detect ARF as indicated by area under the curve of the ROC analysis of 0.82 and 0.97 on the two days before the R-criteria was fulfilled by creatinine. Cystatin C detected ARF according to the R-criteria with a sensitivity of 55% and 82% on these days, respectively. Cystatin C also performed excellently, detecting ARF defined by the I- and F-criteria two days prior to creatinine, and moderately well predicting renal replacement therapy in the further course of ARF. Additionally, low T(3)- or T(3)/T(4) syndrome, glucocorticoid deficiency and excess did not affect cystatin C levels, adding to its usefulness in critically ill patients with ARF. CONCLUSION: Serum cystatin C is a useful detection marker of ARF, and may detect ARF one to two days earlier than creatinine.     

Rapid and accurate assessment of glomerular filtration rate in patients with renal transplants using serum cystatin C.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of renal function in patients with renal transplants is of great importance. Various studies have reported cystatin C as an easily and rapidly assessable marker that can be used for accurate information on renal function impairment. To date, no study is available to define the role of cystatin C in patients with renal transplants. METHODS: Thirty steady-state patients (50% male/50% female) with status post-kidney transplantation were studied. To assess renal function, cystatin C, creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, beta2-microglobulin (beta2M), and [125I]iothalamate clearance were determined. Correlations and non-parametric ROC curves for accuracy, using a cut-off glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 60 ml/min, were obtained for the different markers allowing for calculations of positive predictive values (PPV), positive likelihood ratios (PLR), specificity and sensitivity, respectively. Further, to evaluate the usefulness of these markers for monitoring, intraindividual coefficients of variation (CVs) for cystatin C and creatinine measurements were compared in 85 renal transplant patients. Measurements consisted of at least six pairs of results, which were obtained at different time points during routine follow-up. RESULTS: Cystatin C correlated best with GFR (r=0.83), whereas serum creatinine (r=0.67), creatinine clearance (r=0.57) and beta2M (r=0.58) all had lower correlation coefficients. The diagnostic accuracy of cystatin C was significantly better than serum creatinine (P=0.025), but did not differ significantly from creatinine clearance (P=0.76) and beta2M (P=0.43). At a cut-off of 1.64 mg/l, cystatin C has a PPV of 93%, PLR of 6.4, specificity 89% and sensitivity 70%, respectively. For beta2M, PPV 83%, PLR 1.7, specificity 67% and sensitivity 75% was seen at a cut-off of 3.57 mg/l. Accordingly, at a cut-off of 125 micromol/l for serum creatinine, a PPV 76%, PLR 1.4, specificity 44% and sensitivity 80% was revealed. Finally, at a cut-off of 66 ml/min/1.73 m2 for creatinine clearance, the following characteristics were found: PPV 94%, PLR 7.7, specificity 89% and sensitivity 85%. The intraindividual variation of creatinine was significantly lower than that of cystatin C (P<0.001). With increasing concentrations, their ratios of CV tended towards a value of 1, demonstrating identical variability at low GFR. CONCLUSION: Together, our data show that in patients with renal transplants, cystatin C, in terms of PPV and PLR, has a similar diagnostic value as creatinine clearance. However, it is superior to serum determinations of creatinine and beta2M. The intraindividual variation of cystatin C is greater than that of creatinine. This might be due to the better ability of cystatin C to reflect temporary changes especially in mildly impaired GFR, most critical for early detection of rejection and other function impairment. Thus, cystatin C allows for rapid and accurate assessment of renal function (GFR) in renal transplants and is clearly superior to the commonly used serum creatinine.     

The effect of mannitol on renal function following cardio-pulmonary bypass in patients with normal pre-operative creatinine

Mannitol is often added to the cardiopulmonary bypass pump prime to reduce the incidence of renal dysfunction, but studies so far have been inconclusive. Urinary excretion of microalbumin and retinol binding protein are more sensitive than routine biochemical tests of renal function after cardiac surgery. We performed a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial in cardiac surgical patients with pre-operative plasma creatinine < 130 μmol.l⁻¹. Twenty patients received 0.5 g.kg⁻¹ of mannitol in the pump prime, whereas 20 control patients received an equivalent volume of Hartmann's solution. Blood and urine samples were taken on the day before surgery and daily for 5 days postoperatively for measurement of plasma urea and creatinine, urinary creatinine, retinol binding protein and microalbumin. We found no differences between the mannitol and control patients for any measured variable, and conclude that mannitol has little impact on renal function in patients with normal pre-operative plasma creatinine concentrations.     

Is Serum Cystatin C an Accurate Endogenous Marker of Glomerular Filteration Rate for Detection of Early Renal Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Background. Researches have recently reported that serum cystatin C is a more sensitive marker of changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than serum creatinine. We conducted this study to evaluate the significance of serum cystatin C as a more sensitive marker of GFR for early detection of renal impairment in special groups of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods. The present study included 40 patients with type 2 DM divided into four equal groups based on their urinary albumin excretion and renal function: group 1 was normoalbuminuric, group 2 was microalbuminuric, group 3 was macroalbuminuric, and group 4 was macroalbuminuric with renal dysfunction. All patients underwent a thorough history, full clinical examination, fasting, and renal function tests. Post-prandial blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), proteins, albumin in 24 hr urine, and serum cystatin C were collected. Results. Serum cystatin C and creatinine were significantly higher in macrolbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients with renal dysfunction (group 4: 2.26 ± 1.28, 4.21 ± 2.38 mg/dl, respectively; p < 0.001) than macrolbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function (group 3: 1.04 ± 0.24, 0.96 ± 0.20 mg/dl, respectively), the microalbuminuric group (0.87 ± 0.28, 0.71 ± 0.12 mg/dl, respectively), as well as the normoalbuminuric group (0.55 ± 0.41, 0.60 ± 0.18 mg/dl, respectively). ROC plots demonstrated that area under the curve (AUC) of cystatin C (0.74) was greater than that for creatinine clearance (cr.cl) (0.67) and serum creatinine (s‐cr) (0.74); therefore, the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of cystatin c was better than cr. cl., and both were better than s-cr. Serum cystatin C showed significant correlation in groups 2–4 with s-cr, cr.cl, and 24 hr urine albumin, but no correlation was found in group 1. Conclusion. Serum cystatin C is a reliable and easily performed marker for GFR to detect renal impairment in patients with type 2 DM.     

Cystatin C is a more sensitive marker than creatinine for the estimation of GFR in type 2 diabetic patients

BACKGROUND: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best overall index of renal function in health and disease. Inulin and 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearances are considered the gold standard methods for estimating GFR. Unfortunately, these methods require specialized technical personnel over a period of several hours and high costs. In clinical practice, serum creatinine is the most widely used index for the noninvasive assessment of GFR. Despite its specificity, serum creatinine demonstrates an inadequate sensitivity, particularly in the early stages of renal impairment. Recently, cystatin C, a low molecular mass plasma protein freely filtered through the glomerulus and almost completely reabsorbed and catabolized by tubular cells, has been proposed as a new and very sensitive serum marker of changes in GFR. This study was designed to test whether serum cystatin C can replace serum creatinine for the early assessment of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The study was performed on 52 Caucasian type 2 diabetic patients. Patients with an abnormal albumin excretion rate (AER) were carefully examined to rule out non-diabetic renal diseases by ultrasonography, urine bacteriology, microscopic urine analysis, and kidney biopsy. Serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, AER, serum lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured. GFR was estimated by the plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA. In addition the Cockcroft and Gault formula (Cockcroft and Gault estimated GFR) was calculated. RESULTS: Cystatin C serum concentration progressively increased as GFR decreased. The overall relationship between the reciprocal cystatin C and GFR was significantly stronger (r = 0.84) than those between serum creatinine and GFR (r = 0.65) and between Cockcroft and Gault estimated GFR and GFR (r = 0.70). As GFR decreased from 120 to 20 mL/min/1.73 m2, cystatin C increased more significantly that serum creatinine, giving a stronger signal in comparison to that of creatinine over the range of the measured GFR. The maximum diagnostic accuracy of serum cystatin C (90%) was significantly better than those of serum creatinine (77%) and Cockcroft and Gault estimated GFR (85%) in discriminating between type 2 diabetic patients with normal GFR (>80 mL/min per 1.73 m2) and those with reduced GFR (<80 mL/min/1.73 m2). In particular, the cystatin C cut-off limit of 0.93 mg/L corresponded to a false-positive rate of 7.7% and to a false-negative rate of 1.9%; the serum creatinine cut-off limit of 87.5 micromol/L corresponded to a false-positive rate of 5.8% and to a false-negative rate of 17.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Cystatin C may be considered as an alternative and more accurate serum marker than serum creatinine or the Cockcroft and Gault estimated GFR in discriminating type 2 diabetic patients with reduced GFR from those with normal GFR.     

Serum cystatin C--a superior marker of rapidly reduced glomerular filtration after uninephrectomy in kidney donors compared to creatinine

AIMS: Acute renal failure (ARF), defined by a rapid decrease of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), is associated with high mortality. Early and accurate detection of decreasing GFR is critical to prevent the progression of ARF and to potentially improve its outcome. Serum creatinine, the conventional GFR marker, has major limitations. We prospectively evaluated whether serum cystatin C detected a rapid GFR decrease earlier and more accurately than serum creatinine. METHODS: In ten patients undergoing nephrectomy for living related kidney transplantation, serum creatinine and cystatin C were determined daily. The decrease of GFR was quantitated preoperatively by creatinine clearance and MAG3 scintigraphy. The GFR decrease was defined by a 50-100% increase of cystatin C or creatinine from preoperative values. Ten patients without renal impairment served as controls. RESULTS: Initially, patients had a creatinine clearance of 105 +/- 14 ml/min/1.73 m2. Due to nephrectomy, patients lost 45 +/- 3% of their renal function. Serum cystatin C significantly increased already one, serum creatinine two days after nephrectomy. Cystatin C demonstrated an increase by 50-100% 1.4 +/- 0.9 days earlier than creatinine (p = 0.009). Serum cystatin C performed well detecting the GFR decrease with higher diagnostic values compared to creatinine. This was indicated by a sensitivity of 50, 70 and 80% of cystatin C to detect the GFR decrease on the three days following nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Serum cystatin C detects rapid GFR decreases one to two days earlier than creatinine. Cystatin C is an early and accurate marker to detect rapid GFR decreases as in ARF.     

经皮肾镜对复杂性肾结石患者术后早期肾功能的影响

目的探讨经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)对复杂性肾结石患者术后早期肾功能的影响,并评估患者术后肾功能恶化的危险因素。方法将77例自2017年1月至2018年8月在我院行PCNL的复杂性肾结石患者,根据术前基线肾功能分为肾功能正常(血肌酐<115μmol·L^-1)的A组和肾功能异常(血肌酐≥115μmol·L^-1)的B组,每组又根据手术通道数目,分为单通道组(通道数目=1)和多通道组(通道数目≥2),记录患者术前及术后24 h内的血肌酐及其他评价肾功能的指标,以此对患者术后肾功能进行评估。同时记录并评估可能对肾功能改变产生影响的相关因素。结果 A组中,仅在多通道患者中术后胱抑素C水平较术前升高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其他指标几乎保持稳定状态(P>0.05)。B组中,单通道患者与A组相似,各指标基本保持稳定(P>0.05)。多通道患者术后血肌酐及胱抑素C水平显著上升,估算肾小球滤过率显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。导致肾功能恶化的独立危险因素包括术前高浓度血肌酐、多通道、糖尿病和高血压。结论多通道PCNL对肾功能不全患者的肾功能早期影响较大,多通道、术前肾损伤、糖尿病及高血压是肾功能减退的潜在危险因素。     

Comparing cystatin C and creatinine in the diagnosis of pediatric acute renal allograft dysfunction

Background  

Allograft function following renal transplantation is commonly monitored using serum creatinine. Multiple cross-sectional studies have shown that serum cystatin C is superior to creatinine for detection of mild to moderate chronic kidney dysfunction. Recent data in adults indicate that cystatin C might also be a more sensitive marker of acute renal dysfunction. This study aims to compare cystatin C and creatinine for detection of acute allograft dysfunction in children using pediatric RIFLE (risk of renal dysfunction, injury to the kidney, failure or loss of kidney function, end stage renal disease) criteria for acute kidney injury.     

乙型肝炎病毒相关膜性肾病患者抗血清磷脂酶A2受体-IgG特点及其相关因素的临床研究

目的研究乙型肝炎病毒相关膜性肾病(HBV-MN)患者血清抗磷脂酶A2受体(PLA2R)-IgG阳性率,分析与PLA2R-IgG滴度相关的因素。 方法本研究纳入经肾穿刺活检确诊的HBV-MN患者108例,检测血清PLA2R－IgG滴度、肌酐、白蛋白和24 h尿蛋白定量等,计算肾小球滤过率,分别统计患者肾活检组织中PLA2R及免疫荧光IgG、C3、C1q及IgG亚型阳性率,分析年龄、性别、蛋白尿与血清中和肾活检组织中PLA2R-IgG检测结果的关系。 结果108例HBV-MN患者中,血清PLA2R-IgG阳性率为37%,肾组织PLA2R阳性率54.6%,血清PLA2R-IgG的阳性率和滴度与年龄、性别无统计学相关性(P>0.05),与尿蛋白水平相关(χ²＝9.159,P＝0.010;χ²＝11.327,P＝0.004);尿蛋白>3.5 g/d组患者PLA2R－IgG阳性率显著高于尿蛋白<1g/d及1～3.5 g/d组(Z＝2.863,P＝0.012和Z＝2.356,P＝0.049)。 结论HBV-MN患者中PLA2R-IgG阳性率较高,阳性率及滴度均与蛋白尿水平相关,尿蛋白越多,阳性率和滴度也随之升高。