合并动眼神经麻痹的颈内动脉后交通动脉段动脉瘤血管内治疗及预后分析

目的探讨合并动眼神经麻痹（oculomotor nerve palsy，ONP）的颈内动脉后交通动脉段动脉瘤的不同血管内治疗方式的恢复情况差异及影响因素。 方法回顾性分析我院2011至2018年收治的35例合并动眼神经麻痹的颈内动脉后交通动脉段动脉瘤并经血管内治疗的病例。随访观察术后动眼神经麻痹的恢复情况，分析不同治疗方式ONP恢复情况的差异性，分析术后数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography，DSA）即刻评价的栓塞与否及程度对ONP恢复的差异性，分析ONP恢复与否与年龄、动眼神经麻痹程度、蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoid hemorrhage，SAH）、动脉瘤大小、自发病至接受治疗的时长的关系。 结果35例后交通动脉瘤患者，动眼神经麻痹完全恢复25例（71.4%），部分恢复6例（17.1%），未缓解4例（11.4%）；不同的血管内治疗方式，ONP的恢复没有统计学差异（P=1.00）；术后DSA即刻评价的栓塞与否及程度对ONP恢复的存在统计学差异（P<0.01），单纯支架治疗和致密栓塞后动眼神经功能恢复得更好；年龄、ONP程度、动脉瘤大小、是否SAH、治疗时间均不是ONP恢复的影响因素（P>0.05）。 结论不同治疗方式患者的ONP恢复状态没有差异；术后即刻评价的致密栓塞及单纯支架置入，相较部分栓塞及栓塞后瘤腔显影，动眼神经恢复更好。     

未破裂后交通动脉瘤致动眼神经麻痹血管内治疗疗效分析

目的探讨未破裂后交通动脉瘤（PComA）致动眼神经麻痹（OMNP）血管内治疗疗效。方法对11例伴有OMNP的PComA患者的治疗时机、治疗方式与动眼神经功能恢复的关系进行分析。结果治疗后动眼神经功能全部恢复10例（90.9%）,部分恢复1例（9.1%）,其恢复状况与治疗时机、麻痹程度密切相关。结论血管内栓塞未破裂PComA可有效恢复其致OMNP,但神经功能的恢复取决于麻痹程度和早期手术时机。     

后交通动脉动脉瘤伴动眼神经麻痹的形态学危险因素分析

【摘要】 目的 从形态学角度分析未破裂后交通动脉（PComA）动脉瘤引起动眼神经麻痹（ONP）的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2018年10月经脑血管造影确诊的71例单发未破裂PComA动脉瘤患者临床资料。根据临床症状,分为ONP组（n=31）和非ONP组（n=40）。根据动脉瘤形态学特征,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析,确定PComA动脉瘤引起ONP的形态学危险因素。结果 单因素分析显示,两组患者动脉瘤瘤颈宽度（P=0.046）、瘤顶指向（P=0.005）、有无子囊（P=0.002）差异均有统计学意义;多因素logistic回归分析显示,瘤颈宽度≤3.8 mm（OR=5.437,P=0.008）、瘤顶指向后外下（OR=5.953,P=0.003）、有子囊（OR=5.356,P=0.014）是ONP发生的独立危险因素。 结论 动脉瘤瘤颈宽度≤3.8 mm、瘤顶指向后外下、存在子囊,可能是PComA动脉瘤引起ONP的形态学危险因素。     

眼科首诊的颅内动脉瘤12例分析

目的　报道 12例以无痛性动眼神经麻痹为首发症状的颅内动脉瘤患者 ,采用血管内栓塞治疗的效果和体会。方法　所有患者确诊后 ,采用电解可解脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗 ,其中后交通动脉瘤 11例 ,颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤 1例。结果　 12例中 ,动脉瘤完全栓塞 8例 ,占 6 6 .7%。栓塞 95 % 4例 ,占33.3%。随访 2年 ,11例动眼神经功能完全恢复 ,1例不完全恢复。结论　血管内栓塞治疗动脉瘤效果可靠。     

颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤常规支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗临床结果及复发因素分析

【摘要】 目的 分析常规支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉（ICA）-后交通动脉（PComA）动脉瘤的效果及复发的危险因素。 方法 收集2013年1月至2019年12月在郑州大学第一附属医院接受常规支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术治疗的ICA-PComA动脉瘤患者临床资料。采用单因素和多因素logistics回归分析确定常规支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术后动脉瘤复发的危险因素。结果 共入组患者199例（224枚动脉瘤）,平均年龄为57岁,女性168例（84.4%）。平均随访时间12个月,20例患者20枚（8.9%）动脉瘤复发。单因素分析结果显示,术后动脉瘤复发和未复发患者伴高血压、动脉瘤位于大弯侧、破裂动脉瘤、动脉瘤直径、瘤颈宽、瘤颈口有优势PComA、流入道未致密栓塞、第1枚弹簧圈成篮即刻造影差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。多因素logistics回归分析显示,伴高血压、动脉瘤破裂、动脉瘤直径≥5 mm、瘤颈口有优势PComA、流入道未致密填塞、第1枚弹簧圈成篮未覆盖瘤颈口是术后动脉瘤复发的危险因素。 结论 伴高血压、动脉瘤破裂、动脉瘤直径≥5 mm、瘤颈口有优势PComA、流入道未致密填塞、第1枚弹簧圈成篮未覆盖瘤颈口的ICA-PComA动脉瘤患者,常规支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术后复发风险较高。     

首发为眼部症状的脑动脉瘤临床分析

目的探讨首发为眼部症状的脑动脉瘤临床诊断和处理时机,提高临床诊治水平。方法收集2003—2008年我院收治首发为动眼神经麻痹症状的脑动脉瘤患者42例,分别行头颅CT、磁共振、全脑血管造影检查,确诊后给予开颅动脉瘤颈夹闭术和DSA血管内介入微弹簧圈动脉瘤栓塞术治疗。结果26例动眼神经不全麻痹患者术后完全恢复达84.6%,14例动眼神经全麻痹患者术后完全恢复达35.7%,部分恢复达64.3%。2例瞳孔中度散大患者,术后完全恢复。结论首发症状为动眼神经麻痹者,应考虑到脑动脉瘤的可能性。及时发现并给予相应治疗,是挽救患者生命,促进动眼神经恢复的关键措施。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的影像学诊断及治疗

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血是最常见的非外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血，早期确诊和及时治疗可以显著降低病残率和死亡率。综述了确定蛛网膜下腔出血和动脉瘤的形态位置的各种影像学方法的优势与不足，总结了影像学判断动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血并发症的作用，对比了手术夹闭和血管内动脉瘤栓塞术的危险性，并归纳了血管内动脉瘤栓塞术的最新进展。     

经血管治疗颅内动脉瘤：可脱性弹簧（GDC）的临床应用

目的：评价可脱性弹簧（ＧＤＣ）栓塞颅内动脉瘤的临床效果。材料和方法：对３２例临床表现为急性蛛网膜下腔出血、颅内占位、颅神经压迫、癫痫，并经影像学证实的颅内动脉瘤患者，经血管途径用ＧＤＣ栓塞动脉瘤腔，分别在栓塞后当时，１周，３个月，６个月，１２个月后随访血管造影，观察栓塞效果和临床情况。结果：３２只动脉瘤中，获完全栓塞１８例（５６％）．部分栓塞１２例（３８％）．２例手术失败（４％）。手术并发症７例，其中４例脑内动脉血栓，１例动脉瘤破裂，２例术后５天死亡。２例部分栓塞患者术后６个月随访血管造影示残留腔扩大行第二次栓塞。存在临床症状的所有患者经治疗后临床症状改善。结论：ＧＤＣ可控性好，可靠性、安全性强，是目前经血管治疗颅内动脉瘤的较为成熟的材料。     

持续腰大池引流治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血46例

目的探讨持续腰大池引流治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的临床效果和安全性。方法 2009年1月—2011年12月,我科对46例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者在其动脉瘤栓塞后进行持续腰大池引流,将该组病人作为治疗组;将2006年6月—2008年12月收治的在动脉瘤栓塞后采取常规腰椎穿刺的37例动脉瘤性蛛网下腔出血患者作为对照组,对两组患者头痛程度、脑血管痉挛程度、脑积水等有关临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果治疗组患者头痛程度、脑血管痉挛程度、脑积水发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论持续腰大池引流对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的治疗是安全的,具有取材方便、操作简单、并发症少的特点,能够明显降低动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者头痛及脑血管痉挛程度、降低脑积水的发生率。     

烟雾病合并颅内血流相关性动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的探讨烟雾病合并颅内血流相关性动脉瘤的血管内治疗。方法 2010年1月—2012年3月收治8例烟雾病合并颅内动脉瘤患者,经CT检查证实6例为蛛网膜下腔出血,1例为脑室内出血,1例为缺血症状。对患者行血管内栓塞治疗,其中采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞5例,支架辅助栓塞1例(基底动脉顶宽颈动脉瘤),氰基丙烯酸正丁酯液态胶栓塞1例,1例失败。结果 7个动脉瘤位于Willis环周围,1个动脉瘤位于胼周动脉远段分支动脉。8例中,7例经血管内栓塞治疗成功,动脉瘤栓塞术后5 min复查造影,完全栓塞4例,几乎完全栓塞2例,不完全栓塞1例,术后随访结果良好。结论血管腔内栓塞治疗烟雾病合并颅内动脉瘤安全、有效,对外周动脉型动脉瘤也可予栓塞治疗。     

Endovascular treatment of peripheral cerebellar artery aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Peripheral cerebellar artery aneurysms are rare and difficult to treat surgically. We report the angiographic results and the clinical outcomes for eight patients treated by embolization for peripheral cerebellar artery aneurysms. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2001, eight patients with peripheral cerebellar artery aneurysms were referred from the neurosurgery department for endovascular treatment. The patients consisted of four women and four men with a mean age of 43 years (range, 16-68 years). Seven patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. In one patient, the aneurysm was incidental. In five cases, selective embolization of the aneurysmal sac was performed using GDCs. Two large peripheral cerebellar artery aneurysms and one small aneurysm with a wide neck were treated by parent vessel occlusion. Mean clinical and imaging follow-up duration was 18.5 months (range, 12-36 months). RESULTS: Endovascular treatment resulted in five complete occlusions, two neck remnants, and one residual aneurysmal flow. Clinical evaluation showed that good or excellent recovery was achieved by all patients. Imaging follow-up revealed seven complete occlusions and one residual aneurysmal flow. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the endovascular approach to treat peripheral cerebellar artery aneurysms by selective embolization or parent vessel occlusion was feasible, safe, and effective. Imaging follow-up showed excellent anatomic results in accordance with clinical recovery.     

39例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血介入结合术后微创综合治疗体会

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）神经介入栓塞结合术后微创方法综合治疗的临床疗效。 方法2010年11月～2012年12月39例自发性SAH患者,均在DSA确诊为动脉瘤后,先行神经介入栓塞术栓塞动脉瘤,之后根据病情及CT表现选择性行脑室外引流、腰大池置管引流及腰穿置换引流中的一种或多种微创方法治疗。 结果术后严重血管痉挛致死亡患者1例,无重度残疾发生,中度残疾1例,轻度残疾2例,其余35例均恢复良好,其中2例因脑积水最终行脑室-腹腔分流术,术后恢复良好;术后随诊,1年后27例患者来院复查DSA,其中2例动脉瘤复发,均行二次栓塞,恢复良好,其余24例患者未见复发,也未见脑积水、血管痉挛等并发症;全部病例未再出血。 结论神经介入栓塞术结合术后微创方法治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血效果良好,可降低并发症的发生率。     

颅内动脉瘤血管内介入栓塞术中再次破裂出血紧急处置

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者在接受血管内介入栓塞术中动脉瘤再次破裂出血的原因、紧急处置及防治措施.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2016年10月连续收治的颅内破裂动脉瘤介入栓塞术中再次发生破裂出血患者临床资料,系统研究其影像学特征、栓塞材料选择及技术操作特点.结果 510例接受介入栓塞患者中共发生术中动脉瘤再次破裂出血11例,发生率为2.2％,其中8例为弹簧圈突破,2例为微导管穿破,1例为辅助支架内急性血栓形成于溶栓过程中再次出血.经过积极紧急处置,10例预后良好,无明显神经功能缺损,1例死亡.结论 颅内动脉瘤栓塞术中破裂出血是一种严重,甚至灾难性并发症,原因多为弹簧圈突破,其次为微导管突破.但只要采取积极、合理的处置措施,致残致死率可大为降低.     

Endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial aneurysms are common, with an overall frequency ranging from 0.8% to 10%. Because prognosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still very poor, treatment of unruptured aneurysms, either neurosurgically or endovascularly, has been advocated. However, risk of rupture and subsequent subarachnoid hemorrhage needs to be considered against the risks of elective treatment. We analyzed the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of endovascular treatment of a consecutive series of unruptured cerebral aneurysms. METHODS: From July 1997 through December 2000, a total of 76 patients with 82 unruptured cerebral aneurysms were treated at our institution. Endovascular treatment was administered to 39 consecutive patients with a total of 42 unruptured cerebral aneurysms. Thirty-six aneurysms were treated with an endovascular technique; in six patients, the parent artery was occluded to eliminate aneurysmal perfusion. Aneurysms were located either in the anterior (n = 31) or posterior (n = 11) circulation. Eight patients had experienced previous subarachnoid hemorrhage from other aneurysms and were treated electively after complete rehabilitation. Ten patients had neurologic symptoms; in 21 patients, the aneurysm was an incidental finding. Eighteen aneurysms were small (0-5 mm), 11 were medium (6-10 mm), nine were large (11-25 mm), and four were giant (> 25 mm). Occlusion rate was categorized as complete (100%), subtotal (95-99%), and incomplete (< 95%) obliteration. RESULTS: Endovascular treatment was technically feasible for 38 of 42 aneurysms. Complete (100%) or nearly complete (95-99%) occlusion was achieved in 34 of 38 aneurysms. In four aneurysms of the internal carotid artery, only incomplete (< 95%) occlusion was achieved. All patients except one with mild neurologic deficits according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale and one with mild memory dysfunction but no focal neurologic deficit achieved good recovery, resulting in a morbidity rate of 4.8% and a mortality rate of 0%. CONCLUSION: Endovascular embolization of unruptured cerebral aneurysms is an effective therapeutic alternative to neurosurgical clipping and is associated with low morbidity and mortality rates. For the management of unruptured aneurysms, endovascular treatment should be considered.     

Recovery of oculomotor nerve palsy after endovascular treatment of ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysm

Purpose

Oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) may result from Posterior communicating artery (Pcom) aneurysms. Endovascular treatment of ruptured Pcom aneurysms generally is a safe procedure, but the effect of this therapy on ONP is incompletely elucidated. This retrospective study evaluates outcomes of ONP after endovascular treatment for ruptured Pcom aneurysm and with the intention to clarify predictors of recovery.

Methods

From May 2010 to October 2015, 210 patients with Pcom aneurysms underwent endovascular treatment at our institution. Among them, 34 patients with ruptured aneurysms and either complete or incomplete ONP were identified. The outcomes and predictors of ONP recovery were analyzed.

Results

At the last available clinical follow-up, ONP resolution was complete in 21 (61.8%) patients and incomplete in 8 (23.5%) patients. The mean resolution time after embolization was 24.5 days. Five patients showed no signs of ONP recovery. In no case was an initial incomplete ONP observed to worsen. There was a statistically insignificant trend toward complete recovery among patients with initial incomplete ONP (OR = 4.17; 95% CI, 0.75–23.18; P = 0.103).

Conclusion

Endovascular treatment appears to be an effective treatment modality for ruptured Pcom aneurysm and related ONP. The initial incomplete ONP might encourage complete ONP recovery after endovascular treatment.

     

A Less Invasive Approach for Ruptured Aneurysm with Intracranial Hematoma: Coil Embolization Followed by Clot Evacuation

Objective

The presence of an intracerebral hematoma from a ruptured aneurysm is a negative predictive factor and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates even though clot evacuation followed by the neck clipping is performed. Endovascular coil embolization is a useful alternative procedure to reduce the surgical morbidity and mortality rates. We report here on our experiences with the alternative option of endovascular coil placement followed by craniotomy for clot evacuation.

Materials and Methods

Among 312 patients who were admitted with intracerebral subarachnoid hemorrhage during the recent three years, 119 cases were treated via the endovascular approach. Nine cases were suspected to show aneurysmal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) on CT scan and they underwent emergency cerebral angiograms. We performed immediate coil embolization at the same session of angiographic examination, and this was followed by clot evacuation.

Results

Seven cases showed to have ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms and two cases had internal carotid artery aneurysms. The clinical status on admission was Hunt-Hess grade (HHG) IV in seven patients and HHG III in two. Surgical evacuation of the clot was done immediately after the endovascular coil placement. The treatment results were a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of good recovery and moderate disability in six patients (66.7%). No mortality was recorded and no procedural morbidity was incurred by both the endovascular and direct craniotomy procedures.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the coil embolization followed by clot evacuation for the patients with aneurysmal ICH may be a less invasive and quite a valuable alternative treatment for this patient group, and this warrants further investigation.     

Aneurysmal rupture during embolization with Guglielmi detachable coils: causes, management, and outcome.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Aneurysmal rupture during endovascular treatment is one of the most feared complications of endovascular aneurysm therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency, causes, management, and outcome of aneurysmal rupture that occurred during treatment with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) in an unselected series of patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms. METHODS: Between July 1997 and December 2000, we treated 164 acutely ruptured cerebral aneurysms with GDCs. All charts were reviewed, and patients with aneurysmal rupture occurring during embolization were identified. RESULTS: Five patients had an intraprocedural aneurysmal rupture. In one patient, rupture was due to guidewire perforation of the wall. In two patients, the microcatheter itself perforated the aneurysm. In another two patients, rupture occurred during placement of the first coil. Endovascular packing was continued in all patients. One patient died as a result of the aneurysmal rupture. No negative long-term effects were observed in the remaining four patients. In summary, we observed intraprocedural aneurysmal rupture in 3% of our patients, with a mortality rate of 20% and no long-term morbidity. CONCLUSION: Aneurysmal rupture during endovascular treatment with GDCs is a rare event; clinical severity may be variable. Embolization of the aneurysm can be continued in most cases, and most patients with treatment-related subarachnoid hemorrhage survive without serious sequelae.     

Ruptured intracranial aneurysms: acute endovascular treatment with electrolytically detachable coils--a prospective randomized study

PURPOSE: To compare the use of electrolytically detachable coils versus surgical ligation for the management of acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective randomized study included 109 patients with acute (< 72 hours) subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm (Hunt and Hess grade I-II [n = 67], grade III [n = 26], or grade IV-V [n = 16]). All patients were suitable candidates for both endovascular and surgical treatment and were randomly assigned to undergo coil embolization (n = 52) or surgical ligation (n = 57). RESULTS: Significantly better primary angiographic results were achieved after surgery in patients with anterior cerebral artery aneurysm (n = 55, P = .005) and after endovascular treatment in those with posterior circulation aneurysm (n = 11, P = .045). No significant differences were seen in middle cerebral artery (n = 19) or internal carotid artery (n = 24) aneurysms. Early rebleeding occurred in one patient after incomplete coil embolization. The technique-related mortality rate was 4% in the surgical group and 2% in the endovascular group. Clinical outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score) at 3 months was not significantly different between treatment groups in terms of intended treatment modality. No late rebleedings had occurred at the time of this writing. CONCLUSION: In selected patients with a recently ruptured intracranial aneurysm, favorable results were achieved by using endovascular treatment. Subsequent acute or late open surgery was sometimes required. The clinical outcome at 3 months was comparable in the endovascular and surgical treatment groups.     

Clinical outcome after endovascular coil embolization in elderly patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not an unusual disease in an elderly population. The clinical outcome has improved over time. It has been suggested that elderly SAH patients would benefit from endovascular aneurysm treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate technical results and clinical outcome in a series of elderly SAH-patients treated with endovascular coil embolization. Sixty-two patients ( 65 years) presenting with aneurysmal SAH underwent early endovascular coil embolization at Uppsala University Hospital between September 1996 and December 2000. In all 62 cases included in the study, endovascular coil embolization was considered the first line of treatment. Admission variables, specific information on technical success, degree of occlusion and procedural complications, and outcome figures were recorded. Clinical grade on admission was Hunt and Hess (H&H) I–II in 39%, H&H III in 27% and H&H IV–V in 34% of the patients. The proportion of posterior circulation aneurysms was 24%. Coil embolization was successfully completed in 94%. The degree of occlusion of the treated aneurysm was complete occlusion in 56%, neck remnant in 21%, residual filling in 11%, other remnant in 5% and not treated in 6%. The rate of procedural complications was 11%. Outcome after 6 months was favorable in 41%, severe disability in 36% and poor in 22%. Favorable outcome was achieved in 57% of the H&H I–II patients, 47% of the H&H III patients and 17% of the H&H IV–V patients. Endovascular aneurysm treatment can be performed in elderly patients with SAH with a high level of technical success, acceptable aneurysm occlusion results, an acceptable rate of procedural complications and fair outcome results.This study was approved by the local research ethics committee in Uppsala, Sweden (Ups Dnr 01–104)