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用煅烧石油焦作填料、煤沥青作粘结剂和B4C、Si、Ti作添加剂，利用热压工艺制备了系列重结晶掺杂石墨，并通过化学气相反应法在掺杂石墨表面沉积了有梯度的SiC涂层。对掺杂石墨的热力学性能、微观结构及在HT-7装置的聚变环境中的行为进行了考察。结果表明：与纯石墨材料相比，掺杂了10%的B4C的重结晶石墨力学性能得到明显的改善，抗弯强度达104Mpa，但导热性能较差；掺杂了Si、Ti的重结晶石墨的热导率高，达314W•m-1•K-1，但力学性能较差；掺杂了BSTDG的石墨在聚变环境中的抗等离子体辐照能力明显提高；在HT-7装置中经过一轮实验的辐照后，SiC涂层厚度因等离子体的刻蚀由初期的40～50μm下降至5μm左右，且局部区域涂层剥落。     

表面结构对面源黑体光谱发射率的影响

随着红外测温技术的快速发展,红外测温仪在军事及民用领域得到广泛应用,对测量准确度的要求提升到了新的高度。面源黑体辐射源作为非接触测温设备校准的核心装置,近年来受到广泛的关注。发射率是描述辐射源性能的重要指标,目前缺少黑体表面形貌对发射率影响的研究。面源黑体发射率主要由表面凸锥结构和涂覆涂层决定。为设计出高发射率面源黑体,以具有凸锥结构的面源黑体为基础模型,引入间距及涂层结构,建立具有不同表面结构参数、单元间距及涂层厚度的面源黑体模型,设置基底材料为石墨,涂层材料为氮化硅,通过有限元软件得到仿真模型的反射率,利用反射率反演得到其发射率,绘制3～14μm范围内的光谱发射率曲线;研究面源黑体表面的电场分布情况。分析结构单元的宽高比、涂层厚度和结构单元间距等参数对发射率的影响。结构单元高度与发射率成正比、较窄的宽度对发射率有优化作用,发射率随宽高比的减小而增大。涂层结构改变了光谱发射率的下降趋势,在11μm后发射率上升,发射率随厚度增加而增大;单元间距变化与发射率成正比。设置初始面源黑体单元结构高度为10μm、宽度为1μm,在该模型上依次添加2μm涂层及2μm间距结构,进行仿真计算。优化后黑体...     

HT-7U第一壁材料在HT-7装置中的辐照实验研究

把为HT-7U装置开发的系列碳基面对等离子体材料及其比对样品安装在样品架上，通过磁力传送机构送入HT-7装置刮削层中进行辐照实验研究。经过若干次等离子体放电实验后，取出样品进行表面形貌。表面元素成分及深度分布的X射线光电子能谱分析。结果发展，碳石墨材料的渗杂改性和抗等离子体溅射腐蚀的B4C/SiC梯度功能涂层可以有效地提高其抗待了子体轰击的能力。     

氘注入石墨及FGM中的热解吸

以石墨为代表的碳基材料, 由于其良好的高温性能及自溅射率低等优点,长期以来作为低Z面对等离子体候选材料之一而倍受关注。但是它具有较差的可焊接性、较高的化学溅射率、高的氢吸附率以及热解吸过程中产生大量甲烷等碳氢化合物对等离子体的杂质控制产生不利影响等缺点,使石墨的应用受到极大的限制。近年来,采用掺杂技术对石墨作为面对等离子体材料的性能有了较大的改善,如化学溅射率显著降低,而面对等离子体材料与基底材料的焊接有希望通过梯度功能材料得以改善。目前,国内这方面的研究也取得了许多进展,如已研制出具有良好抗氢离子化学溅射的B,Si,Ti多元掺杂石墨及数种梯度功能材料（FGM）。本文对所研制的梯度功能材料在氘离子注入后的热解吸行为进行了初步的实验分析,并与纯石墨的解吸行为进行了比较。     

掺杂相对ZrB2陶瓷涂层抗激光烧蚀性能的影响

耐高温陶瓷作为高熔点材料,具有优异的高温抗烧蚀性能,有可能满足未来抗激光防护的需求。为摸清ZrB₂陶瓷涂层抗激光防护性能,采用高功率固体激光器作为测试光源,搭建了激光烧蚀实验平台和激光耦合特性测量系统,重点对ZrB₂陶瓷涂层开展了激光烧蚀实验和涂层反射率测试。实验研究了不同激光参数条件下ZrB₂涂层抗激光烧蚀性能,以及掺杂相(SiC、MoSi2)的影响。结果表明,相比于未掺杂ZrB₂涂层,掺杂后ZrB₂涂层抗激光烧蚀能力明显下降。分析认为掺杂相可提高ZrB₂涂层抗氧化性能,但不利于发挥氧化生成物ZrO2的高反射和隔热作用,致使抗激光损伤阈值降低。激光损伤前后涂层反射率的测试结果,也证实了ZrO2的高反射率是增强ZrB₂涂层抗激光损伤阈值的关键。同时,利用有限元软件建立了连续激光烧蚀下ZrB₂陶瓷涂层温度计算模型,并以基底发生熔化为判据,仿真得到了陶瓷涂层典型的抗激光烧蚀阈值参数。     

1.5μm波长n-p-n型InGaAsP-InP晶体管激光器材料外延生长

基于器件模拟仿真,设计了一种1.5μm波长InGaAsP-InP晶体管激光器材料外延结构.其多量子阱有源区置于基区非对称波导中.仿真结果显示该外延结构能够获得较好的光场限制和侧向电流限制.对该材料MOCVD生长研究表明,基极重掺杂接触层中Zn2+扩散将导致量子阱严重退化.通过对其扩散过程的模拟仿真,采用平均掺杂浓度为1×1018cm-3的梯度掺杂,有效地抑制了Zn2+向量子阱区的扩散.所获得的外延材料在1.51μm呈现较强的PL峰值,具有卫星峰清晰的XRD谱.     

激光作用下环氧/硅树脂复合涂层的1.3μm反射特性研究

利用共轭反射计装置,开展了真空环境中激光作用下环氧/硅树脂双层结构复合涂层的1.3μm反射特性研究,测量得到了涂层反射率随样品背表面温度的变化曲线。通过有限元分析和界面热阻修正得到了反射率随涂层温度的变化关系,探讨了反射率随温度的变化机理。研究结果表明,红外连续激光损伤环氧/硅树脂复合涂层,主要表现为底漆热解引发的鼓包分层和面漆热解导致的烧蚀变色;常温下涂层对1.3μm激光的反射率约为0.80,激光辐照初始时变化不明显,鼓包前后出现波动,测量区涂层鼓包、烧蚀后反射率显著下降,最终保持在一个相对较低值;反射率变化与涂层热解过程、损伤方式密切相关,涂层对1.3μm激光的反射率变化存在3个特征温度,分别对应底漆热解、面漆热解和表面状态趋于稳定时的温度。     

SiC1-xGex/SiC 异质结光电二极管特性的研究

使用二维器件模拟软件Medici, 对SiC_1-xGe_x/SiC异质结的光电特性进行了模拟.设计了N型重掺杂SiC层的厚度为1 μm, P型轻掺杂SiC_1-xGe_x层厚为0.4 μm, 二者之间形成突变异质结.在反向偏压3 V、光强度为 0.23 W/cm²的条件下, p-n+ SiC_0.8Ge_0.2/SiC和p-n+ SiC_0.7Ge_0.3/SiC敏感波长λ分别可以达到0.64 μm和0.7 μm, 光电流分别为7.765×10^－7 A/μm和7.438×10^－7 A/μm; 为了进一步提高SiC_1-xGe_x/SiC 异质结的光电流, 我们把p-n+两层结构改进为p-i-n三层结构.在同样的偏压、光照条件下, p-i-n SiC_0.8Ge_0.2/SiC和p-i-n SiC_0.7Ge_0.3/SiC的光电流分别达到1.6734×10－6 A/μm和1.844×10－6 A/μm.     

Al-N共掺杂3C-SiC介电性质的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势法,建立了未掺杂,Al,N单掺杂和Al-N共掺杂3C-SiC的4种超晶胞模型,并分别对模型进行了几何结构优化,对比研究了其能带结构,态密度分布和介电常数.计算结果表明:Al掺杂会增大SiC的晶格常数,而N对SiC的晶格影响很小.Al掺杂会导致费米能级进入价带,使3C-SiC成为p型半导体,且带隙宽度略为加宽.N掺杂后的SiC其导带和价带均向低能端发生移动,带隙稍有减小.本征3C-SiC几乎不具备微波介电损耗性能.但是可以通过进行Al掺杂或N掺杂加以改善,Al掺杂后的效果尤为突出.计算发现Al-N共掺杂后的3C-SiC材料在8.2—12.4 GHz范围内其微波介电损耗性能急剧下降,与实验结果相符合,并对这一结果进行了讨论分析.     

980nm脉冲激发下Er~(3+)掺杂材料中~4I_(13/2)→~4I_(15/2)跃迁的瞬态行为(英文)

在过去的几十年人们对Er3+掺杂的玻璃材料进行了广泛的研究,因为Er3+的 4I13 /2→ 4I15 /2跃迁能够给出适合红外光通讯窗口的 1. 5μm的发射。据我们所知,目前关于脉冲激光激发下Er3+掺杂材料 1. 5μm发射的动力学行为研究报道仍很少。我们引入了转移函数理论,研究了 980nm脉冲激发下Er3+的 4I13 /2能级荧光的动力学行为。发现在 980nm脉冲激发后,其荧光衰减遵循双指数规律,4I13 /2能级布居分为指数上升和指数下降两个过程。     

SiC纤维增强Ti17合金复合材料轴向残余应力的拉曼光谱和X射线衍射法对比研究

准确测量和分析SiC纤维增强Ti合金复合材料(SiC_f/Ti)中残余应力状态对优化复合材料的成型工艺和理解其失效模式具有重要意义,但其残余应力的实验测量和分析仍是一个挑战.石墨C涂层作为SiC纤维与Ti17基体合金之间必需的扩散障涂层,承载了由纤维与基体之间热不匹配引入的残余应力.本文采用显微拉曼光谱法对比测量纤维表面C涂层在复合材料中和去掉基体无应力态下G峰的峰位,通过石墨C涂层应力态下峰位移动计算出SiCf/C/Ti17复合材料中SiC纤维受到～705.0 MPa的残余压应力.采用X射线衍射方法测量了不同方向上该复合材料中基体钛合金的晶面间距以获取其空间应变,根据三轴应力模型分析了复合材料中基体钛合金沿轴向方向的残余应力为～701.3 MPa的张应力,并通过线性弹性理论转化为SiC纤维的残余压应力为～759.4 MPa.两种测试方法都确定了SiC纤维在成型过程中受到残余压应力,且获得的应力值较为接近,都可以用于对SiC_f/Ti复合材料的残余应力测量.     

Self-lubricative coating grown by micro-plasma oxidation on aluminum alloys in the solution of aluminate-graphite

Aluminum trioxide ceramic coatings with high hardness were grown on surfaces of 2024 Aluminum alloys by micro-plasma oxidation in an aluminate electrolytic solution, which highly improve wear-resisting properties of 2024 Aluminum alloys. However, ceramic coating surfaces are porous and very coarse, which is disadvantageous to practical applications. In this paper, in order to increase the density of the pores and decrease the friction coefficient of the ceramic coatings, different concentrations (2-8 g/l) of graphite were added into the aluminate electrolytic solution. The thickness and hardness of the produced ceramic coatings were measured by HVS-100 micro-hardness tester and thickness tester. The friction coefficient of the coatings was studied by a frictionometer. The phase composition and surface morphology of the MPO films were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the thickness of the ceramic coating is about 22 ± 1 μm, surfaces of the ceramic coatings are very uniform and that the coatings consist of mainly aluminum trioxides and a certain amount of graphite, which indicates graphite have entered the ceramic films during the micro-plasma oxidation process. Wear properties results show that the friction coefficient of the ceramic coatings decreased when graphite entered the ceramic films. When the concentration of graphite is 4 g/l, the wear properties of the coatings is the most excellent and the friction coefficient decreases to the lowest, that is 0.09.     

Plasma-assisted deposition of a three-layer structure by vacuum andgas arcs

The durability and adhesion of thin coatings often depends on the structure and properties of the layer intermediate between the coating and the substrate, especially in the case where the layer and the substrate are highly different in microhardness. With a vacuum arc and a hot-cathode arc, a process has been arranged which involves cleaning of the surface, nitration of the article, and deposition of a coating. As a result, a three-layer composition has been produced which consists of a TiN layer of thickness up to 5 μm and microhardness 20 GPa, an intermediate Fe₄N layer of thickness up to 8 μm and microhardness 7.5 GPa, and a nitrated layer of thickness up to 100 μm with a gradually varying microhardness. With the TiN layer showing high adhesion, the coating has a durability three of four times greater than that of a coating produced with the use of a conventional technology     

多腔耦合微波表面波PECVD法沉积 DLC薄膜研究

报道了利用多腔耦合微波表面波等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)的方法制备类金刚石(DLC)薄膜。通过发射光谱(OES)测量,对Ar等离子体中的各种放电参数以及全部四个腔室内放电的均匀性作出评估。采用表面轮廓仪测量了薄膜的厚度;薄膜的表面形貌、组成结构通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、激光拉曼光谱和X射线衍射光谱(XPS)进行了表征。在12.5μm厚度的有机薄膜聚酯(PET)表面沉积一定厚度DLC后,通过测量水蒸气透过率(WVTR)对DLC薄膜的阻隔性能进行了研究。结果表明,这种多腔耦合微波表面波等离子体装置,不仅能够实现四个腔室同时相对均匀的放电,也能够实现单个腔室的轴向均匀放电。制备的DLC薄膜结构致密、成分均匀,可以使PET薄膜阻隔性能提高约20倍。     

轻量化超宽温度折/衍混合红外热像仪光学系统设计

设计一个用于红外热像仪的轻量化超宽温中波折/衍混合红外热像仪光学系统。光学系统参数:工作波段为3.7 m～4.8 m,相对孔径为1/2,焦距为120 mm,全视场角为5.18,满足100 %冷光栏效率。采用三片式结构,使用硅和锗两种常用的红外材料,以及一个非球面和一个衍射面,系统实现了轻量化和超宽温度下工作。系统在-60℃～160℃温度范围内成像质量接近衍射极限,可供像元尺寸为30 m、像元数256256的凝视型中波红外探测器使用,可探测到2.3 km远的坦克目标。     

The influence of ablation products on the ablation resistance of C/C-SiC composites and the growth mechanism of SiO2 nanowires

Ablation under oxyacetylene torch with heat flux of 4186.8(10%kW/m2 for 20 s was performed to evaluate the ablation resistance of C/C-SiC composites fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration（CVI） combined with liquid silicon infiltration（LSI） process.The results indicated that C/C-SiC composites present a better ablation resistance than C/C composites without doped SiC.The doped SiC and the ablation products SiO₂ derived from it play key roles in ablation process.Bulk quantities of SiO₂ nanowires with diameter of 80 nm-150 nm and length of tens microns were observed on the surface of specimens after ablation.The growth mechanism of the SiO₂ nanowires was interpreted with a developed vapor-liquid-solid（VLS） driven by the temperature gradient.     

Nanostructured core-shell Ni deposition on SiC particles by alkaline electroless coating

In this study, core-shell nanostructured nickel formation on silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic powders was achieved through the electroless deposition method using alkaline solutions. To produce a nano core-shell Ni deposition on the SiC surfaces, process parameters such as pH values, the type of reducer material, deposition temperature, stirring rate and activation procedure among others were determined. Full coverage of core-shell nickel structures on SiC surfaces was achieved with a grain size of between 100 and 300 nm, which was approximately the same deposition thickness on the SiC surfaces. The surface morphology of the coated SiC particles showed a homogenous distribution of nanostructured nickel grains characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The nanostructures of the crystalline Ni coatings were observed to be attractive for achieving both good bonding and dense structure. The thin core shell-structure of Ni on the SiC surfaces was assessed as a beneficial reinforcement for possible metal matrix composite manufacturing.     

Synthesis and characterization of nanoparticulate films for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Nanocrystalline strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) with a high specific surface area of 70 m²/g was synthesized via spray pyrolysis. The as prepared powder was characterized by ex-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), in-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD), ex-situ nitrogen adsorption and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). LSM nanopowders with a mean particle size of 40 nm were dispersed in water-based media using ultrasonication. Nanocomposite LSM-GDC (gadolinium doped ceria) thin films were prepared by single step spin coating of co-stabilized LSM and GDC dispersions. The thickness of these thin films (≤ 1 μm) is more than 10 times lower than conventional cathode layers prepared by screen printing. The interfacial polarization resistances were 68, 118 and 220 mΩ cm² at 850, 800 and 750 °C, respectively. The high performance is attributed to small grain size, high porosity and large specific surface area. This method offers a very cost effective approach for the preparation of electrochemically highly active porous thin films, particularly applicable for micro solid oxide fuel cells.