Out-of-plane elastic buckling of I-section steel arches braced laterally and design of bracing stiffness

采用有限元特征值屈曲数值方法,对平面外支撑工形截面圆弧拱弹性屈曲荷载及其刚度取值进行研究。在考虑各种荷载条件与拱脚条件下,研究了支撑刚度,约束类型、数量以及作用位置对钢拱平面外屈曲性能的影响,对于设置等间距侧向支撑的情况,给出了侧向支撑弹性门槛刚度的拟合式,并提出了支撑点间拱段不发生平面外弹性失稳的条件。研究结果表明：平面外支撑越靠近拱顶,其防止平面外失稳的工作效率越高;设置侧向支撑的钢拱屈曲时,随着支撑刚度的增大其屈曲半波数逐渐增加,而仅在拱顶设置扭转约束时始终呈现1个半波失稳模式;从均匀受压圆弧拱的情况获得的等间距侧向支撑门槛刚度,应用在其他组合荷载作用下,同样可以获得足够的支承刚度;当工形截面钢拱的支撑点间拱段长度满足所提出的要求时,钢拱平面外失稳不先于平面内反对称整体失稳。     

侧向支撑对腹板开洞钢拱平面外弹性屈曲的影响分析

腹板开洞钢拱通过设置侧向支撑可以阻止钢拱发生平面外弯扭屈曲,支撑刚度的大小会对钢拱屈曲临界荷载产生影响.采用有限元方法分析了不同荷载、拱脚条件、支撑类型和位置对钢拱平面外屈曲稳定的影响.研究表明：在刚性支撑情况下,钢拱屈曲临界荷载随支撑刚度增大而增大,铰支钢拱屈曲半波随支撑数量的增加而增加,当支撑数量为n时,会出现n＋1个屈曲半波.两种支撑类型共同工作时,在侧向刚度支撑足够的情况下,扭转支撑对钢拱平面外屈曲临界荷载的影响有限.当侧向支撑刚度达到临界支撑刚度时,其屈曲临界荷载不再随支撑刚度的增大而增大.     

拱墙结构平面外失稳机理与设计研究

拱墙是一种由拱、立柱、横梁组合而成的竖向平面结构，横梁上的竖向平面内荷载通过立柱传递到大跨度拱体中。为研究拱墙结构的失稳机理，采用有限元分析方法，对拱墙模型在弹性和弹塑性条件下的稳定性能进行了研究。分析结果表明：立柱侧向刚度及横梁侧向支撑刚度是影响拱墙稳定性能的主要因素，当横梁侧向支撑刚度小于其门槛刚度时，拱墙的屈曲模式表现为拱墙整体平面外失稳；当横梁侧向支撑刚度大于其门槛刚度而立柱的侧向刚度小于其门槛刚度时，拱墙的屈曲模式表现为拱体的平面外失稳；当横梁侧向支撑和立柱的侧向刚度均大于各自的门槛刚度时，拱墙的屈曲模式表现为拱墙整体平面内失稳。结合某火车站站房工程，建立了横梁位置施加侧向弹簧支撑和带纵向桁架的两种拱墙模型，分析了该拱墙结构的平面外稳定承载力。结果表明，纵向桁架为拱墙横梁提供的平面外支撑刚度远大于拱墙的侧向支撑门槛刚度，提高拱墙的平面外稳定承载力需通过增大立柱的侧向刚度和加强立柱两端的可靠连接实现。     

钢拱平面外稳定的有限元分析

通过有限元软件对钢拱在不同的荷载条件、圆心角、支座约束、侧向支撑等参数下进行平面外弹性稳定分析．得出拱的平面外屈曲荷载随着圆心角的增大而逐渐减小和侧向支撑的数量对屈曲荷载的影响。     

铰接式斜撑平面桁架拱的平面外弹性屈曲性能

对设置连续和不连续斜撑的平面桁架拱的平面外弹性屈曲性能进行研究。首先,研究连续斜撑平面桁架拱,得到一个理论上的平面外弹性屈曲荷载的封闭解。通过有限元法分别研究不连续支撑平面桁架拱的两个重要参数——斜撑阈值刚度和相邻支撑间一段拱的平面外弹性屈曲荷载。此外,有限元结果显示,如果平面桁架拱由在腹杆与弦杆间使用相贯节点制作而成且受上弦杆约束,那么受刚度不足的影响,下弦杆的外平面屈曲可以完全避免平面桁架拱产生外平面屈曲,之后桁架拱会完全受上弦杆所约束。     

实腹圆弧钢拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计理论及方法

拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计一直没有成熟的规范指导。本文用有限壳单元模型先分析了工形截面两铰圆弧钢拱的平面内弹性屈曲性能,与拱的经典屈曲理论作了对比,指出了必须同时考虑长细比和矢跨比对屈曲荷载的影响。然后分析了两铰圆弧钢拱受静水压力和其它荷载作用下的弹塑性屈曲性能,指出了典型破坏机理为拱两侧1/4跨附近形成塑性铰导致结构失效。利用拱的弹性屈曲荷载定义了拱的正则化长细比,用Perry-Robertson公式的形式,建立了拱的稳定系数与正则化长细比的关系,提出了受静水压力的两铰圆弧钢拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计方法,并用轴力和弯矩的两项相关公式提出了受其它荷载作用下的平面内稳定极限承载力设计方法。     

U形截面圆弧拱平面外稳定性研究

用BEAM 188梁单元和SHELL 181壳单元建立了两种可考虑荷载作用位置的有限元模型,相互验证了模型的正确性.通过对两种荷载模式下U形截面无铰和两铰圆弧拱计算结果的比较,研究了支座类型、荷载模式和矢跨比对钢拱平面外屈曲的影响.对于理想的支座约束,发现径向均布荷载作用下两铰拱平面外屈曲荷载与无铰拱相同,竖向均布荷载作用下两铰拱平面外屈曲荷载在较大矢跨比时明显高于无铰拱;由于两铰与无铰拱的支座构造不同,满足什么条件平面外约束可按无铰对待有待研究.通过对加缀板与加隔板U形截面两铰圆弧拱平面外屈曲荷载的比较,发现加缀板形成间断闭合截面对屈曲荷载提高更显著,且用料少、施工简单.     

腹板开洞工字形截面拱的平面外弹性屈曲性能分析

用ANSYS有限元软件模拟分析了腹板开洞工字形截面圆弧拱在径向均布荷载作用下的平面外弹性屈曲性能。计算了在不同孔洞半径、孔洞间距、矢跨比、高厚比等参数下的屈曲荷载。得出腹板开洞工字形截面拱的平面外屈曲荷载随着孔洞半径的增大而减小,随着孔洞间距的增大而增大,通过研究孔洞的优化截面和弹性屈曲荷载,从中发现可以通过一种修正的弹性屈曲荷载建立优化准则来评价开洞拱的结构效率,孔洞半径在腹板高度的25%到35%之间时,结构的效率最高。     

腹板开洞钢拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计理论及方法

腹板开洞钢拱组合了拱和开洞构件的特性,目前在轻轨列车站篷及航站楼等的钢结构中有广泛应用。本文首先用有限壳单元分析了以工形截面腹板开洞圆弧钢拱为代表的拱的平面内弹性屈曲性能,考察了腹板孔洞的几何参数和拱本身的几何参数对屈曲荷载的影响;按照整体屈曲荷载的等效原则,把腹板开洞拱等效为由两个T形截面和缀板组成的格构式构件,并给出了格构式构件的等效截面尺寸。然后研究了各参数下的腹板开洞钢拱的弹塑性屈曲性能,定量考察了孔洞对稳定极限承载力的削弱作用,提出了腹板开洞钢拱特有的单边塑性铰的破坏机理。利用已经建立的拱的稳定系数与拱的正则化长细比的关系,根据等效构件的换算长细比,提出了受静水压力及其它荷载分布形式的腹板开洞拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计方法。     

U型截面钢拱平面外稳定性研究北大核心CSCD

当作用在拱平面内的荷载达到临界值时,拱可能出现平面外的侧倾失稳.现有研究大多采用径向荷载模式来研究U型截面拱的面外失稳.本文通过对径向荷载与竖向荷载模式有限元结果的比较,发现径向荷载模式偏于保守,在大矢跨比情况下误差较大.针对钢拱容易平面外失稳的问题,提出了加设缀板形成间断闭合截面来提高拱的稳定性.相比于加设隔板的方法,加设缀板对拱的屈曲荷载提高更为明显,而且加设缀板的方法用料少、施工更加简单.最后,提出箱型截面平面外屈曲荷载的计算公式,并由此给出加设缀板U型截面拱的平面外屈曲荷载的估算公式,供工程设计人员参考.     

Inelastic buckling and strengths of steel I-section arches with central torsional restraints

The elastic flexural–torsional buckling behaviour of arches with a central elastic torsional restraint has been reported elsewhere by the authors, and it was found that a central elastic torsional restraint restricts the buckling shape of an elastic arch and increases its elastic buckling resistance. However, both the inelastic buckling and strength of arches with a central elastic torsional restraint have hitherto not been investigated. It is not known whether the threshold stiffness for elastic buckling can be applied to arches which buckle inelastically, nor is it known how to determine the strength of steel arches with a central elastic torsional restraint. This paper modifies a finite element model for the nonlinear inelastic flexural–torsional analysis of steel I-section arches by including the effects of elastic restraints, and uses it to investigate the influence of central elastic torsional restraints on the inelastic flexural–torsional buckling and strength of steel I-section arches. It is found that a central elastic torsional restraint increases the strength of steel arches, but that the increase in strength decreases as the modified slenderness of the arches decreases. The threshold value of the stiffness of a central elastic torsional restraint at which the inelastic strength of an arch is equal to that of the corresponding arch with a rigid restraint is related to both the modified slenderness and included angle of the arch. For an arch with a low modified slenderness and with a small included angle which buckles inelastically, the threshold restraint stiffness is much smaller than that for an arch which buckles elastically. Design formulae for the strengths of steel I-section arches in uniform bending and in uniform compression with a central elastic torsional restraint are proposed. Comparisons with finite element results show that the proposed formulae provide good predictions for the strength of thin-walled steel I-section arches with a central elastic torsional restraint.     

非完全支撑的框架结构的稳定性

设置了支撑架的框架结构,当支撑刚度还不足以使框架柱可按无侧移框架确定计算长度时,如何确定框架柱的计算长度问题,本文对此进行了研究,提出了计算公式.本文还提出了使框架柱可按无侧移计算稳定性的支撑门槛刚度.适当考虑结构初始缺陷和侧向荷载的影响后,此刚度可作为确定框架柱计算长度时区分有侧移和无侧移框架的合理标准.     

Bracing requirements for inelastic castellated beams

Lateral-torsional buckling can be avoided by properly spaced and designed lateral bracing. Bracings are usually assumed to be elastic, and so may be characterized by their elastic stiffnesses. It is well known that an elastic lateral brace restricts partially the lateral buckling of slender beams and increases the elastic buckling moment. However, a full study of the effect of lateral braces on inelastic buckling has not been made especially for castellated beams, and it is not known whether the limiting stiffness for elastic buckling can be applied to castellated beams that buckle inelastically. This paper develops a three dimensional (3-D) finite-element model using a finite-element program and uses it to investigate the effect of elastic lateral bracing stiffness on the inelastic flexural-torsional buckling of simply supported castellated beams with an elastic lateral restraint under pure bending. It was found that for inelastic castellated beams, the effect of bracing initially is increased to some extent as the lateral unbraced length increases and then decreased until the beam behaves as an elastic beam. In other words, the effect of bracing depends not only on the stiffness of the restraint but also on the modified slenderness of the beam. Also, the results show that Winter’s simplified method to determine full brace requirements cannot be applied to inelastic castellated beams. Therefore, a general equation is proposed to determine the value of optimum stiffness in terms of the beam’s slenderness, applicable to all castellated beams under pure bending.     

多高层框架-弯剪型支撑结构的稳定性研究

在多高层框架-支撑结构中,支撑体系通常有剪切型、弯曲型和弯剪型之分,三类支撑之间没有一个定量的区分准则。本文在变截面、变轴力弯剪型支撑柱稳定分析的基础上,提出了三类支撑的定量划分准则。对弯剪型支撑-框架结构的稳定性进行了研究,得到了使被支撑框架发生无侧移弹性失稳的支撑临界刚度的简单式,它可以作为结构稳定性设计中判定框架失稳模式的标准。同时给出了支撑刚度较小时框架临界荷载于支撑刚度的简单关系,可用于弱支撑框架的稳定性计算。研究结果对于高层、超高层建筑结构的稳定计算具有重要意义。     

偏心支撑压弯构件稳定性分析

对压弯构件在跨中设置侧向支撑和扭转支撑时的稳定性进行研究 ,先就一般情况建立平衡微分方程 ,推导出压弯构件的稳定临界方程 ,在此稳定临界方程的基础上对偏心支撑压弯构件进行详细的分析 ,得到了使压弯构件计算长度减半的扭转支撑临界刚度表达式和侧向支撑临界刚度表达式 ,导出了判断支撑是否能使压弯构件计算长度减半的临界荷载偏心。此外还分析了非完全支撑时支撑刚度和构件承载力的关系 ,以及侧向支撑、扭转支撑及两者联合作用对构件承载力的影响 ,推出了上面所有分析的解析式     

Lateral bracing of I-girder with corrugated webs under uniform bending

Lateral-torsional buckling may occur in an unrestrained beam where its compression flange is free to displace laterally and rotate. This paper presents the results of the theoretical and finite element analyses of the lateral-torsional buckling of I-girders with corrugated webs and lateral bracing, under uniform bending. It is well known that an elastic lateral brace restricts partially the lateral buckling of slender beams and increases the elastic buckling moment. However, a full study of the effect of lateral braces on lateral-torsional buckling has not been made especially for I-girder with corrugated webs. This paper develops a three-dimensional finite element model using ANSYS [User’s manual, version 10.0] for the lateral-torsional buckling analysis of I-girder with corrugated webs and uses it to investigate the effects of elastic lateral bracing stiffness on the critical moment of simply supported I-girders with corrugated webs under pure bending. It was found that for plastic and inelastic I-girder with corrugated webs, the effect of bracing initially is increased to some extent as the lateral unbraced length increases and then decreased until the beam behaves as an elastic beam. In other words, the effect of bracing depends not only on the stiffness of the restraint but also on the modified slenderness of the I-girder. Also, the results show that Winter’s simplified method to determine full brace requirements cannot be applied to I-girders with corrugated webs. Therefore, a general equation is proposed to determine the value of optimum stiffness (K_opt) in terms of the I-girder’s slenderness.     

Out-of-plane elastic buckling load and strength design of space truss arch with a rectangular section

The out-of-plane stability of the two-hinged space truss circular arch with a rectangular section is theoretically and numerically investigated in this paper. Firstly, the flexural stiffness and torsional stiffness of space truss arches are deduced. The calculation formula of out-of-plane elastic buckling loads of the space truss arch is derived based on the classical solution of out-of-plane flexural-torsional buckling loads of the solid web arch. However, since the classical solution cannot be used for the calculation of the arch with a small rise-span ratio, the formula for out-of-plane elastic buckling loads of space truss arches subjected to end bending moments is modified. Numerical research of the out-of-plane stability of space truss arches under different load cases shows that the theoretical formula proposed in this paper has good accuracy. Secondly, the design formulas to predict the out-of-plane elastoplastic stability strength of space truss arches subjected to the end bending moment and radial uniform load are presented through introducing a normalized slenderness ratio. By assuming that all components of space truss circular arches bear only axial force, the design formulas to prevent the local buckling of chord and transverse tubes are deduced. Finally, the bearing capacity design equations of space truss arches are proposed under vertical uniform load.     

Sensitivity analysis of critical forces of trusses with side bracing

The present research is devoted to the study of out-of-plane buckling of trusses with elastic side bracing. In this paper, a sensitivity analysis of critical buckling loads of a truss due to bracing stiffness is carried out. A method based on the sensitivity analysis for the determination of the threshold bracing stiffness condition for full bracing of a truss is proposed. The influence lines of the unit change of the bracing stiffness on the buckling load, for different initial bracing stiffness, are investigated. The approximations of an exact relation between the buckling load and bracing stiffness are found. The buckling length related to the side-support distance as a function of bracing stiffness is also determined. It is shown that the buckling length of truss chords with elastic side supports is larger than that assumed in design codes.