固液两相流体热弹流润滑

应用Ｅｒｉｎｇｅｎ的热微极流体理论，对含有固体微粒添加剂的润滑流体进行线接触热弹流润滑理论分析，借助于牛顿一拉夫逊方法，获得了热弹流润滑的完全数值解，得到了油膜内温度，剪应力分布及润滑表面上的摩擦力。     

基于弹流润滑的一种减磨方法

良好的润滑状态所形成的润滑油膜可以有效避免两接触面直接接触而造成磨损,但是由于一些高副接触表面的润滑油膜比较稀薄,零件磨损还是非常严重.提出一种可以增大高副接触表面的油膜厚度,改善接触表面润滑效果的新方法,即在零件表面制造大量排列有序的微深孔.通过理论分析和试验验证了零件表面具有微深孔时可以增大接触面的油膜厚度,降低油膜压力,提高零件的耐磨性.     

基于微极性流体润滑的有限长动载轴承特性研究

基于微极性流体模型对有限长动载轴承的润滑性能进行了数值模拟。推导了动载情形下微极性流体润滑的Reynolds方程,比较了牛顿流体和微极性流体对轴承的油膜压力、最小油膜厚度和端泄流量所产生的不同影响。结果表明:微极性流体使得动载轴承的油膜压力明显提高,油膜厚度明显增大,而端泄流量则有所降低。     

油水两相流对轧机油膜轴承热弹流润滑的影响

研究润滑油中混入水后对轧机油膜轴承热弹流润滑的影响。建立油水两相流体的数学模型,以及轧机油膜轴承热弹流润滑的数学方程,利用多重网格法及多重网格积分法对上述方程进行求解,并分析润滑膜压力、膜厚随含水量、主轴转速、轧制力的变化关系。结果表明:与纯油润滑相比,油水两相流体润滑具有更好的润滑特性,且随着含水量的增加,膜厚增大,承载能力增强;随着主轴转速的增加,膜厚增加,承载能力减小;随着轧制力的增加,膜厚减小,承载能力增强。在油水两相流润滑条件下,热效应对于轧机油膜轴承弹流润滑的影响不能忽略。     

油水两相流对轧机油膜轴承等温弹流润滑的影响

研究轧机油膜轴承润滑油混入冷却水形成的油水两相流对轴承等温弹流润滑的影响。建立油水两相流体模型和弹流润滑方程,研究油膜轴承在等温条件下的润滑特性,分析流体润滑膜的压力、膜厚随含水量、滑滚比、轴颈间隙、主轴转速和轧制力的变化关系。结果表明:随着含水量的增加,油水两相流体由油包水流型转化为水包油流型,压力变化不大,膜厚先增加后减小,油包水流型作为润滑剂时润滑性能最优;随着滑滚比和轧机油膜轴承主轴转速的增加,压力减小、膜厚增加,而随着轴颈间隙和外部轧制力的增加,压力增加、膜厚减小。     

基于Elrod算法的线接触乏油热弹流润滑分析

为研究中低速、中等载荷工况下不同供油条件对接触区润滑特性的影响,假设润滑剂分别为Newton流体和Ree-Eyring流体,建立考虑供油条件的线接触热弹流润滑模型。采用Elrod算法,将入口供油量作为输入参数,求解接触区油膜压力、膜厚和油膜温度的完全数值解。结果表明:随着入口供油量的降低,接触区入口气液界面位置逐渐向Hertz接触区移动;相同供油条件下,随着速度和载荷的增大,入口气液界面位置逐渐向Hertz接触区移动,乏油程度增加;随着供油量的增加,中心膜厚和最小膜厚也相应增加,且中心膜厚更易受供油量的影响;在乏油润滑条件下,Newton流体计算得到的油膜温度明显高于Ree-Eyring流体;随供油量的增加,Ree-Eyring流体的油膜最高温度增加,而Newton流体的油膜最高温度有先降低后增加的趋势;对于给定的工况,当入口等效供油膜厚接近该种工况下接触区处于充分供油状态下的最小膜厚时,接触区内的最高温升是相对最小的。     

基于高斯粗糙表面的角接触球轴承微弹流润滑研究

基于二维数字滤波法模拟高斯粗糙表面,建立考虑高斯粗糙表面形貌及热效应的角接触球轴承微弹流润滑模型,采用多重网格积分法求解弹性变形,采用Gauss-Seidel及Jacobi迭代法迭代求解压力,采用逐步扫描法求解油膜能量方程,采用渐进网格加密法求解强耦合非线性微弹流润滑方程组。结果表明:当x、y方向自相关长度相同时,随着粗糙表面均方根值的增加,油膜压力及温度明显增加,膜厚显著减小;反之,油膜压力及膜厚在自相关长度较小的方向出现明显的纹理特性,且当纹理特性与润滑油流动方向相同时,油膜温度显著减小。     

薄膜润滑的微极流体模拟

基于向列相润滑分子作用下薄膜润滑的有序模型,利用微极流体（Micropolar fluids）理论分析薄膜润滑的润滑特性,探求薄膜润滑的基本规律。结果表明,薄膜润滑下的摩擦学性质介于弹性流体动力润滑和边界润滑之间,弹流理论不能很好预测膜厚随工况参数的变化情况,而微极流体理论结果和试验值有较好的一致性。薄膜润滑下有序分子的存在所起作用相当于提高润滑剂的粘度,能够增加润滑油膜的厚度从而增加承载能力。在薄膜润滑下必须考虑微粒分子的角动量矩守衡。     

表面波纹度对油水两相润滑轧机油膜轴承弹流润滑的影响

以轧机油膜轴承为研究对象,建立油水两相流的弹流润滑模型,利用多重网格法及Fortran程序分析表面波纹度对轧机油膜轴承润滑性能的影响。结果表明:表面波纹度对轧机油膜轴承润滑性能的影响不可忽略,并且是不利的;考虑波纹度后,接触中心区产生明显的波动现象,最大压力增大,最小膜厚减小,润滑性能减弱;随着表面波纹度幅值和波长的增加,接触区波动幅度更加显著;在一定范围内随着油水两相流体中含水量的增加,压力增大,膜厚增加,润滑能力增强。     

不同衬套材料对油水两相润滑轧机油膜轴承弹流润滑的影响

以轧机油膜轴承为研究对象,利用考虑热效应的Relnolds方程建立了油水两相弹流润滑模型,对比了3种常用衬套材料对轧机油膜轴承润滑性能的影响,结合轧机油膜轴承的特殊工况讨论了不同含水量、主轴转速和轧制力下的油水两相流体的润滑特性。结果表明:3种衬套材料中,巴氏合金的最大压力及中心压力最小,整体膜厚、中心膜厚及最小膜厚值最大,润滑性能最好,最大温度最大,散热性最好,选用巴氏合金作为衬套材料最为合适;油膜进水后随着含水量的增加,最大压力减小,润滑膜入口区的压力增大,最小膜厚增大,润滑性能提升;随着主轴转速增加,润滑膜最大压力减小,入口区压力增大,最小膜厚增加;随着轧制力的增加,最大压力增大,入口区压力减小,最小膜厚减小。     

Asymptotic analysis of a lubricated heavily loaded spinning and rolling ball in a parabolic raceway

In the paper, the previously developed asymptotic approach to solution of the steady isothermal problem of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) for heavily loaded point contacts is applied to a lubricated point contact with rolling and spinning. It is shown that the whole contact region can be subdivided into three subregions. The central region can be subdivided into the Hertzian region and two adjacent boundary layers — the inlet and exit zones. The main results of the paper are threefold: (i) it is shown that in the central parts of the inlet and exit zones, the mechanisms and the equations controlling the behaviour of the lubrication contact parameters in heavily loaded point and line EHL contacts are identical, (ii) asymptotically precise formulas for the central and exit lubrication film thickness for pre‐critical and over‐critical starved and fully flooded lubrication regimes are analytically derived, and (iii) the inlet and exit zone asymptotically valid equations are uniform across all steady heavily loaded line and point EHL contacts for lubricants with the same rheology. These asymptotically valid equations were analysed and numerically solved in previously published work based on the stable methods utilising the specific regularisation approach developed for lubricated line contacts. Cases of pre‐critical and over‐critical lubrication regimes are considered. The formulas for the lubrication film thickness for pre‐critical and over‐critical starved and fully flooded lubrication regimes allow for simple analysis of the film thickness as a function of spinning angular speed, angle of the entrained lubricant and other pertinent contact characteristics. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Theoretical investigation of transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication with newtonian solid‐liquid lubricants

This paper reports a theoretical investigation of transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication of a line contact. A time‐dependent Reynolds equation and elasticity equations for compressible solid‐liquid lubricants were solved using finite volume and multigrid techniques. The lubricants used were mineral oils mixed with very small solid particles, MoS₂ and PTFE, which can be treated as Newtonian fluids. The two surfaces were initially at rest and in contact. The transient oil film pressure and oil film thickness were calculated numerically. This simulation showed the significant effects of solid particles on the lubrication characteristics.     

Theoretical investigation of transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication with newtonian solid–liquid lubricants

This paper reports a theoretical investigation of transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication of a line contact. A time‐dependent Reynolds equation and elasticity equations for compressible solid–liquid lubricants were solved using finite volume and multigrid techniques. The lubricants used were mineral oils mixed with very small solid particles, MoS2 and PTFE which can be treated as Newtonian fluids. The two surfaces were initially at rest and in contact. The transient oil film pressure and oil film thickness were calculated numerically. This simulation showed the significant effects of solid particles on the lubrication characteristics. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Power law fluid model incorporated into elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory of line contact

An algorithm is developed for the study of the infinitely long slider bearing in general form, considering the lubricant to be an incompressible power law fluid in isothermal conditions. The earlier works on this topic were considered by taking cavitation boundary conditions when a cylinder moves over a plane lubricated with a power law fluid and in EHL solution in a particular case, viz. pure rolling of a cylinder over an identical cylinder. We have considered a general solution including elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) for different values of power law exponent. Deviation of values of central film thickness for different values of power law exponent from those for Newtonian lubricants are presented. The effects of the power law exponent on the central film thickness, minimum film thickness and load capacity are analysed. The effects of rolling and sliding velocities of contact surfaces are also analysed in terms of an equivalent radius of a cylinder moving over a moving plane. Film shapes and pressure distributions are also calculated numerically and presented graphically for various values of central film thickness considered in this paper. A number of observations obtained here with pseudoplastic nature of lubricants are in good agreement with the experimental results. The theoretical observations suggest the behaviour of common lubricants as pseudoplastic fluids in the cases of slowly moving surfaces and motion under heavy load.     

椭圆接触纯自旋问题的弹流润滑数值分析

研究了椭圆接触纯自旋问题的等温弹流润滑,用多重网格法求得了完全数值解,研究了速度、载荷、椭圆比和计算区域对压力和膜厚的影响。结果表明,在轻载、高速、大椭圆比条件下,椭圆接触的纯自旋运动可产生润滑膜,油膜的形状和压力分布都和经典弹流润滑截然不同;椭球的自旋速度、载荷、椭圆比以及承载域的大小都对压力和膜厚有很大的影响。     

流变模型对剪切稀化流体弹流油膜厚度影响的研究

基于Carreau流变模型和Ree—Eyring流变模型,对剪切稀化流体线接触弹流润滑进行了完全数值分析,得到了同一种润滑油在不同流变模型下的弹流油膜厚度。将理论分析得到的油膜厚度、经典弹流膜厚公式计算的油膜厚度以及实测的油膜厚度进行了对比,结果表明：基于Carreau流变模型的理论分析结果更能反映剪切稀化流体的实际弹流油膜厚度;在相同工况下,基于Ree—Eyring流变模型的理论分析结果低估了剪切稀化流体的油膜厚度,经典弹流膜厚公式过高地估计了剪切稀化流体的油膜厚度。研究结果表明：幂函数形式的流变模型更能反映剪切稀化流体的流变特性。     

A study of the lubricating effectiveness of micropolar fluids in a dynamically loaded journal bearing (T1516)

The lubricating effectiveness of micropolar fluids in a dynamically loaded journal bearing is studied. On the basis of the theory of micropolar fluids, the modified Reynolds equation for dynamic loads is derived. Results from the numerical analysis indicated that the effects of micropolar fluids on the performance of a dynamically loaded journal bearing depend on the size of material characteristic length and the coupling number. It is shown, compared with Newtonian lubricants, that under a dynamic loading the micropolar lubricants produce an obvious increase in the oil film pressure and oil film thickness, but a decrease in the side leakage flow. It is also shown that the friction coefficient for a dynamically loaded journal bearing with micropolar fluids is in general higher than that of Newtonian fluids, which is not the same as the results for a steadily loaded journal bearing. Furthermore, a parametric study of flow and friction for different mass parameters keeping micropolar parameters fixed is undertaken. It is indicated that, with the increase of the mass parameters, the crank angles corresponding to the maximum flow are changed and the maximum friction coefficients are obviously decreased either for the Newtonian fluids or for the micropolar fluids.     

Application of Transient Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis for Gear Transmissions

Transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory which deals with the lubrication of gear transmission is presented. A numerical procedure was developed to solve the governing equations for the transient EHL with variable load, curvature, and rolling velocity along the line of action. The compressibility of the fluid is taken into consideration. Results are presented for the pressure distribution and the film thickness successively along the line of action as a function of time. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of geometry factors on the lubrication behavior of a gear transmission. Parameters of interest are gear ratio, central distance, gear tooth module, and profile shift of gear tooth. The results of extensive simulations for gear tooth lubrication show that the equivalent curvature radius of gear teeth plays an important role on the EHL film formation.     

N次谐波凸轮-挺柱副的润滑特性分析

将线接触弹流润滑理论应用于发动机配气机构，计算了某N次谐波凸轮-挺柱副润滑的稳态最小膜厚、膜厚比等参数，分析了凸轮．挺柱副稳态润滑在设计转速下随凸轮转角的变化特征，比较和讨论了发动机转速变化对润滑性能的影响。结果表明，凸轮桃尖区多为部分弹流润滑状态和边界润滑，工作段其它部分多为部分弹流、完全弹流和动力润滑状态。曲轴转速提高一般情况下对增加稳态最小膜厚有利，但由此导致的载荷波动量增加对最小膜厚的稳定性不利，从而使表面摩擦和磨损的可能性增加。