锆合金表面涂层耐高温高压动水腐蚀性能的研究

目的 提高锆合金在高温高压环境中耐动水腐蚀性能。方法 利用多弧离子镀技术（MAIP）在Zr-4合金表面分别制备了Al2O3涂层和Cr/TiAlN复合涂层,利用磁控溅射技术（MS）在Zr-4合金表面制备了TiN涂层。通过堆外高压釜实验,对比研究了三种不同涂层的耐高温高压动水腐蚀性能,利用自动划痕仪检测膜基结合力,利用XRD分析涂层的物相成分,利用SEM观察涂层腐蚀前后的微观形貌,利用EDS对涂层元素种类与含量进行分析。结果 多弧离子镀技术制备的Al2O3涂层和Cr/TiAlN涂层致密度较高,但表面存在少量大颗粒与微孔洞;磁控溅射技术制备的TiN涂层均匀平整,表面大颗粒较少。Al2O3涂层、TiN涂层和Cr/TiAlN涂层可承受的临界载荷分别为26、16、26.5 N。在实验条件下,Cr/TiAlN涂层和TiN涂层表面均发生了剥落或腐蚀现象,且这两种试样表面均检测出大量的ZrO2,而Al2O3涂层几乎未被破坏,基体得到了充分防护。结论 利用多弧离子镀技术在Zr-4合金表面制备的Al2O3涂层和Cr/TiAlN涂层的膜基结合力较高,利用磁控溅射技术制备的TiN涂层的膜基结合性能较差,其中Al2O3涂层具备良好的耐腐蚀性能,在高温高压动水腐蚀环境中能够有效地保护锆合金基体。     

Si、Cr的加入对TiAlN涂层抗氧化性能的影响

比较了阴极电弧蒸发工艺制备的Ti0.45Al0.55N、Ti0.35Al0.55Si0.1N和Ti0.3Al0.55Cr0.15N涂层在850℃和900℃的抗氧化性能。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨率扫描电镜(HRSEM)和能谱仪(EDS),研究Si、Cr对Ti0.45Al0.55N涂层抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:Si和Cr的加入均能有效提高Ti0.45Al0.55N涂层的抗氧化性能,细化涂层晶粒,促进Al向涂层表面扩散形成致密的Al2O3氧化层,抑制锐钛矿型TiO2向金红石型TiO2转变,提高TiAlSiN涂层和TiAlCrN涂层的抗氧化性能。另外,TiAlCrN涂层中Cr2O3的形成进一步提高了其抗氧化性能。     

溅射Ni16Co26Cr10Al纳米晶涂层的1000℃抗氧化性能

利用磁控溅射技术在铸造Ni16Co26Cr10Al合金上溅射了相同成分的纳米晶涂层.1000℃氧化试验结果表明由于溅射Ni16Co26Cr10Al纳米晶涂层晶粒尺寸细小,促进了保护性氧化物形成元素Al向氧化前沿的快速扩散和保护性Al2O3层的快速形成,使得溅射Ni16Co26Cr10Al纳米晶涂层表现出比M38合金更优异的抗氧化性能.     

NiCrAlY涂层对Ni基高温合金K17抗氧化性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在铸造Ni基高温合金K17上沉积NiCrA1Y涂层，测定了K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在900℃-1100℃的氧化动力学曲线。实验结果表明：K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在不同温度静态空气中氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律。900℃和1000℃时，K17合金上沉积NiCrAlY涂层后，明显改善了合金的抗氧化性。1100℃时，涂层的保护作用不如900℃和1000℃，900℃氧化时，NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜由α-Al2O3和Cr2O3的组成；1000℃氧化时，氧化初期，NiO,Cr2O3和Al2O3 3种氧化物同时生成。随着氧化的进行，不仅氧化膜增厚，而且发生较复杂的反应，氧化膜的相组成发生变化。随着氧化温度升高，涂层和基体之间元素扩散加剧，Ti从基体扩散到涂层表面形成氧化物是导致涂层抗氧化降低的原因。氧化膜从涂层上剥落下来，也导致了涂层抗氧化能力降低。     

NiAl微晶涂层对两种NiAl基共晶合金高温氧化性能的影响

研究了磁控溅NiAl微晶涂层对NiAl－28Cr-5Mo-1Hf和NiAl－33.5Cr-0.5Zr两种共晶合金在1000－1150℃静态空气中氧化性能的影响，添加Cr,Mo,Hf,Zr等元素使NiAl合金由单相转变为多相结构，高温氧化后表面分别形成抗氧化性能较差的Al2O3 CrO3 HfO2和Al2O3 Cr2O3 ZrO2复合氧化膜，并且发生严重的内氧化。施加NiAl微晶涂层后，高温下表面形成致密的单一氧化物Al2O3，抗氧化性能得到明显提高。     

等离子喷涂含Al_2O_3-TiO_2颗粒的Fe基非晶合金涂层的性能(英文)

采用大气等离子喷涂技术成功在Fe普碳钢基材上制备了含有不同质量分数Al2O3-13%Ti O2颗粒的Fe基非晶复合涂层,其中Fe基非晶相成分为Fe71Cr5B4Si4Ni3Mo3W10(wt%),并对涂层的微观结构、显微硬度和耐蚀性能进行了研究。在Fe基非晶相与Al2O3-13%Ti O2陶瓷相界面观察到Fe、Ti、W、Al和O元素的互扩散现象,这种微区冶金结合减少了由于第二相的加入导致的涂层孔隙并增加了相间的结合强度。当加入的Al2O3-13%Ti O2质量分数≥16 wt%时,涂层的显微硬度升高≥20%;复合非晶涂层在10 wt%Na OH溶液中的耐腐蚀性能高于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢。     

钛合金表面电弧离子镀TiN/TiAlN多层复合涂层的组织及抗氧化性能研究

运用电弧离子镀技术,采用独立的钛、铝靶材,在钛合金表面制备了TiN/TiAlN多层复合涂层,利用SEM、EDS对涂层微观组织结构进行了分析,并在800℃条件下测试了涂层抗氧化性能.结果表明:多层复合涂层厚度约为2.5 μm.经镀膜,试样表而粗糙度有升高的趋势,Ra值由初始0.049μm升高到0.541λm.涂层表面以TiAlN TiN相为主,经氧化后,涂层最表层的氮化物已发生分解,并生成了Al,Ti的氧化物,在高温时阻碍了氧向涂层内部扩散,使得涂层内部仍具有TiN和TiAlN的相结构.复合涂层经800℃,19 h空气氧化后,涂层表面仍保持完整,氧化增重率低于无涂层样品.氧化19 h后涂层增重率约为0.2 mg/cm2.h.     

不同方法制备K403镍基高温合金渗铝层的氧化行为研究

目的 研究采用包埋渗(PCA)、料浆渗(SA)和化学气相沉积(CVD)3种方法,在Ni基高温合金K403上制备渗Al涂层的成分和结构差异及其对氧化行为的影响,为采用相关方法制备高性能渗Al涂层提供理论和实验指导。方法 在K403上,采用3种方法在950 ℃下扩散渗Al,通过带能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析仪(TGA)分析不同方法制备的渗Al涂层的成分变化情况,以及对Al2O3生长机制的影响。结果 采用SA、PCA、CVD 3种方法扩散渗Al,均获得了β–NiAl涂层,其中来自K403合金基体元素(尤其是Ti)的掺杂情况各不相同,掺杂浓度按照涂层制备方法排列顺序为SA>CVD>PCA。在1 000 ℃空气中恒温氧化,结果表明,CVD渗Al涂层的氧化速度最慢,PCA最快,SA居中。这是由于Ti的掺杂水平不同,导致涂层的氧化行为,尤其是亚稳态θ–Al2O3向稳态α–Al2O3的转变过程发生了变化。在氧化时,PCA渗Al涂层快速生长θ–Al2O3膜,适量Ti的掺杂致使CVD渗层α–Al2O3膜快速形成。虽然SA渗Al涂层在多数地方生长α–Al2O3膜,但过量Ti掺杂导致渗层析出较多大尺寸富Ti相,快速外氧化和内氧化使得涂层的总氧化速度居于另2种涂层之间。结论 在K403上采用不同方法渗Al,合金元素的掺杂水平不同,使得制备的β–NiAl涂层的氧化机制发生变化。     

Al2O3改性的渗铬涂层制备与氧化性能研究

采用在Ni基上复合电镀Ni-Al2O3纳米复合涂层后在1100 ℃扩散渗铬3 h的方法,制备Al2O3改性的渗铬涂层.作为对比,采用相同的工艺在单Ni镀层上直接渗铬,获得一种不含Al2O3纳米粒子的渗铬涂层.SEM/EDS和TEM结果表明:Al2O3纳米颗粒均匀分布在Ni纳米晶中, 纳米Al2O3颗粒的加入不仅细化基体Ni的晶粒尺寸,而且明显抑制在渗铬过程中涂层晶粒的长大.900 ℃, 120 h的氧化试验结果表明:与不含Al2O3纳米粒子的渗铬涂层相比,Al2O3改性的渗铬涂层所具有的细晶结构促进了保护性氧化物形成元素Cr沿晶界向氧化前沿的快速扩散,从而有利于保护性Cr2O3氧化膜的快速形成,同时改变氧化膜的形成过程,降低氧化速度,使得Al2O3改性的渗铬涂层表现出更优异的抗氧化性能.并对Al2O3渗铬涂层的组织及氧化机制进行了分析.     

α-Al_2O_3层厚度对TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN涂层抗氧化性能的影响

为获得抗氧化性能更为优越的TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN复合涂层,本文采用中温化学气相沉积(MT-CVD)在WC-Co硬质合金基体表面沉积不同厚度α-Al_2O_3层的TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN多层涂层,并在1 000℃下对涂层试样进行氧化实验。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段研究α-Al_2O_3层厚度对TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN涂层抗氧化性能的影响,确定可显著提高涂层抗氧化性能的α-Al_2O_3层厚度,同时探索涂层的抗氧化机理。结果表明:随着α-Al_2O_3层厚度的增加,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN多层涂层试样氧化后质量增量减少,涂层氧化增厚降低。当α-Al_2O_3层厚度为6.5μm时,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN涂层的抗氧化性能显著提高。随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层阻止O向涂层内部扩散及Al、Ti向外部涂层扩散能力增强,抗氧化性能更优越。     

Friction and wear properties of TiN,TiAlN, AlTiN and CrAlN PVD nitride coatings

Four nitride coatings, TiN, TiAlN, AlTiN and CrAlN were deposited on YG6 (WC + 6 wt.% Co) cemented carbide by cathodic arc-evaporation technique. The friction and wear properties were investigated and compared using ball-on-disc method at high speed with SiC ball as a counter material. The tests were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, energy dispersive X-ray, micro hardness tester and an optical profilometer. The results showed that TiN and TiAlN coatings presented lower friction coefficient and lower wear rate, and that high Al content AlTiN and CrAlN coatings didn't present better anti-wear properties in this test. Oxidation and abrasive wear were the main wear mechanism of TiN coating. In spite of the observation of micro-grooves and partial fractures, TiAlN possessed perfect tribological properties compared with the other coatings. High Al content increased the chemical reactivity and aroused severe adhesive wear of AlTiN coating. CrAlN coating presented better properties of anti-spalling and anti-adhesion, but abundant accumulated debris accelerated wear of the coating under this enclosed wear environment.     

Improved properties of Ti-Al-N coating by multilayer structure

Multinary Ti-Al-N coatings are used for various applications where hard, wear and oxidation resistant materials are needed. Here, we prepare TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coatings with modulation period of ~ 20 nm in order to further improve the properties of Ti-Al-N coating. Annealing of both coatings up to 700 °C results in an increase in hardness due to the precipitation of cubic Al-rich domains by spinodal decomposition. Multilayer structure results in an increase in adhesion with substrates from ~ 72 N for Ti-Al-N single layer coating to 98 N for TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coating. Additionally, the interfaces of TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coating retard the outward diffusion of metal atoms (Al and Ti) and inward diffusion of O while exposing coatings in air atmosphere with elevated temperature, and thus improve its oxidation resistance. An improved machining performance regardless of continuous cutting and milling is obtained by TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coated inserts, which can be attributed to the combined effects of higher adhesion with substrates and better oxidation resistance.     

Improved properties of Ti-Al-N coating by multilayer structure

Multinary Ti-Al-N coatings are used for various applications where hard, wear and oxidation resistant materials are needed. Here, we prepare TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coatings with modulation period of ~ 20 nm in order to further improve the properties of Ti-Al-N coating. Annealing of both coatings up to 700 °C results in an increase in hardness due to the precipitation of cubic Al-rich domains by spinodal decomposition. Multilayer structure results in an increase in adhesion with substrates from ~ 72 N for Ti-Al-N single layer coating to 98 N for TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coating. Additionally, the interfaces of TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coating retard the outward diffusion of metal atoms (Al and Ti) and inward diffusion of O while exposing coatings in air atmosphere with elevated temperature, and thus improve its oxidation resistance. An improved machining performance regardless of continuous cutting and milling is obtained by TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coated inserts, which can be attributed to the combined effects of higher adhesion with substrates and better oxidation resistance.     

Corrosion Behaviors of Nitride Coatings on Titanium Alloy in NaCl-Induced Hot Corrosion

TiN and TiAlN coatings were deposited by arc ion plating on titanium alloys to study their hot corrosion resistance when they were exposed to NaCl at 600 ℃.The microstructure and corrosion behaviors of nitride coatings were studied using scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,electro-probe microanalyzer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results showed that nitride coatings with the different compositions and the ones with the same composition but different thicknesses presented different hot corrosion resistance.TiN and thin TiAlN coatings showed poor corrosion resistance.Serious internal oxidation attacked the alloy substrate.Their corrosion products were mainly consisted of non-protective TiO2 and sodium salt.By contrast,the thick TiAlN coating presented outstanding corrosion resistance.Besides sodium salt,the corrosion products were composed of protective Al2O3.The increasing thickness of TiAlN significantly enhanced the hot corrosion resistance.The corrosion mechanisms of alloy,TiN and TiAlN coatings were discussed in detail.     

Erosion wear of CrN,TiN, CrAlN,and TiAlN PVD nitride coatings

Four nitride coatings (CrN, ZrN, CrAlN, and TiAlN) were deposited on YT15 cemented carbide by cathode arc-evaporation technique. Microstructural and fundamental properties of these nitride coatings were examined. Erosion wear tests were carried out, the erosion wear of these nitride coatings caused by abrasive particle impact was compared by determining the wear depth and the erosion rates of the coatings. The wear surface features were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the coatings with Al (CrAlN and TiAlN) exhibited higher erosion wear resistance over those without Al (CrN and TiN). The H³/E² of the coating seemed to play an important role with respect to its erosion wear in erosion tests. AlTiN and CrAlN coatings being with high H³/E² exhibited lower erosion rates, while CrN coating with low H³/E² showed higher erosion rates under the same test conditions. Analysis of eroded surface of the coatings demonstrated that the TiN and CrN coatings exhibited a typical brittle fracture induced removal process, while AlTiN and CrAlN coatings showed mainly micro cutting and cycle fatigue fracture of material removal mode.     

Structure and wear resistance of TiN and TiAlN coatings on AZ91 alloy deposited by multi-arc ion plating

In order to investigate the microstructure of TiN and TiAlN coatings and their effect on the wear resistance of Mg alloy, TiN and TiAlN coatings were deposited on AZ91 magnesium alloy by multi-arc ion plating technology. TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were prepared on the substrate, respectively, which exhibited dark golden color and compact microstructure. The microstructures of TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micro-hardness and wear resistance of TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were investigated in comparison with the uncoated AZ91 alloy. The XRD peaks assigned to TiN and TiAlN phases are found. The hardness of TiN coatings is two times as high as that of AZ91 alloy, and Ti70Al30N coating exhibits the highest hardness. The wear resistance of the hard coatings increases obviously as result of their high hardness.     

TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN与TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiCNO多层涂层的组织性能比较

目的对比TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层的组织性能。方法采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术在硬质合金基体上沉积TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析涂层的物相和组织形貌,采用纳米力学测试系统测试涂层顶层的硬度和弹性模量,利用显微维氏硬度计和划痕仪分别测量涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,利用往复式多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果顶层TiN晶粒为柱状晶,顶层TiCNO晶粒呈细针状。与顶层TiN相比,顶层TiCNO硬度更大,抗塑性变形能力更强。与以TiN为顶层的多层涂层相比,以TiCNO为顶层的多层涂层表面粗糙度、摩擦系数较大,结合强度较低。当磨损只发生在顶层时,耐磨性取决于顶层涂层的性能,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率为TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的1.2倍。当磨损进行到顶层与Al_2O_3层界面时,结合强度对耐磨性也有重要影响,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率是TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的82%。结论与TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN相比,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的顶层TiCNO硬度较大,抗塑性变形能力强,其顶层耐磨性较好。改善TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO多层涂层表面粗糙度和结合强度将进一步提高该涂层的摩擦磨损性能。     

PVD涂层刀具高速铣削CoCrMo合金的性能研究

目的为了提高涂层硬质合金刀具的切削性能,研究了物理气相沉积PVD法制备的涂层硬质合金铣刀在高速干式环境下的铣削性能。方法采用阴极电弧技术制备了TiN、TiAlN以及TiAlSiN涂层硬质合金铣刀刀头,通过一同沉积涂层的硬质合金圆片,间接测量得出涂层的显微硬度、厚度和平均摩擦系数,并以CoCrMo合金为切削对象,进行了PVD涂层与无涂层刀具高速铣削下的对比试验。结果TiAlSiN显微硬度最高达3800HV,摩擦系数达0.3,TiAlN涂层平均膜厚为2μm,间接测得TiN、TiAlN以及TiAlSiN涂层的结合力依次为60、58、42N。在三者的切削性能中,TiAlSiN涂层的切削性能比TiAlN和TiN涂层的好,同等切削参数时,TiN刀具的高速铣削时间最短,TiAlSiN涂层的平均磨损值为0.1895,TiN的平均磨损值为0.3047。结论涂层中添加Al、Si,极大地提高了刀具的使用性能,改善了刀具切削过程中的耐磨性、红硬性,极大地延长了刀具的使用寿命。TiAlSiN涂层的硬度高,耐磨损性好,切削性能好,适合高速铣削加工。     

Electrochemical evaluation of the corrosion protectiveness and porosity of vacuum annealed CrAlN and TiAlN cathodic arc physical vapor deposited coatings

The corrosion behavior of cathodic arc physical vapor deposited CrAlN and TiAlN coatings were examined in 1 M HCl solution before and after vacuum annealing at 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) methods were used to study the corrosion behavior and porosity of the coatings in comparison with the bare steel substrate (304SS). Structural and mechanical characterization of the coatings were also conducted. It is found that with increasing annealing temperature, the mechanical properties of TiAlN increased due to age hardening caused by spinodal decomposition while the hardness of CrAlN decreased as result of relaxation. Similarly, EIS and PDP results revealed that the as‐deposited and annealed coatings offer higher corrosion resistance as compared to the bare 304SS substrate. The coatings susceptibility to corrosion is reduced after annealing as indicated by the increasing nobility of E_corr. Both PDP and EIS tests revealed that CrAlN coating annealed at 1000°C exhibited superior corrosion resistance properties. It is found that the reduced current density for CrAlN coating annealed at 1000°C was due to the reduction in the porosity. Annealed TiAlN coating follows similar behavior until an optimum annealing temperature of 800°C. Beyond this temperature, porosity enlargement and an increase in the number of pores subsequent to structural changes deteriorated the corrosion resistance of TiAlN coating.