Visual improvement after removal of submacular exudates in patients with diabetic maculopathy

OBJECTIVE: To improve the central visual function of eyes affected by massive hard exudates in cases of diabetic maculopathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six eyes of 4 patients with diabetic maculopathy were treated by pars plana vitrectomy for massive retinal exudates persisting for more than 3 months. The massive hard exudates were removed from the subretinal space with subretinal forceps. We evaluated the visual acuity of these eyes 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Following the removal of the hard exudates, visual acuity improved in all eyes. Massive hard exudates were mainly located in the subretinal space and were removable using subretinal forceps. No serious postoperative complications occurred. The removed tissues consisted of macrophages laden with many cholestrin crystals and lipid droplets, as well as fibrous tissues. CONCLUSION: We concluded that central visual function can be improved by removing subretinal exudates surgically.     

Early postoperative retinal thickness changes and complications after vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To determine the early postoperative changes in retinal thickness and complications after pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema. DESIGN: Consecutive interventional case series. METHODS: Studied retrospectively, pars plana vitrectomy was performed on 65 consecutive eyes of 63 patients with diabetic macular edema. The follow-up interval ranged from 6 to 36 months (12.6 +/- 7.4 months [mean +/- standard deviation (SD)]). The indications of pars plana vitrectomy in this study were (1) diffuse diabetic macular edema, (2) preoperative visual acuity less than 20/40, and (3) noneffective macular photocoagulation therapy. Preoperative and postoperative examinations by stereoscopic biomicroscopy, color fundus photography of the macula and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed on all eyes. Preoperatively, direct photocoagulation to microaneurysms in the macula had been performed in 48 eyes, and focal/grid photocoagulation had been performed in five eyes. Preoperative examination showed that epiretinal membranes were observed in 20 eyes, cystoid macular edema in 40 eyes, and 23 eyes had a complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Epimacular membranes, removed during surgery, were examined histopathologically. RESULTS: The postoperative mean best-corrected visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] = 0.696 +/- 0.491 [mean +/- SD]) was significantly better than the preoperative mean best-corrected visual acuity (0.827 +/- 0.361; P <.0001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The final visual acuity improved by 2 or more lines in 32 of 65 eyes (45%), remained unchanged in 32 of 65 eyes (49%), and exacerbated after the surgery in 4 of 65 eyes (6%) due to neovascular glaucoma (2 eyes) and residual cystoid macular edema (2 eyes). The postoperative foveal retinal thickness (224.9 +/- 116.9 microm) at the last visit was significantly thinner than the preoperative foveal retinal thickness (463.7 +/- 177.3 microm; P <.0001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The foveal retinal thickness did not decrease linearly but fluctuated: The mean postoperative retinal thickness had decreased significantly 7 days after surgery, then remained unchanged for approximately 1 month, and thereafter gradually decreased until 4 months. The intraoperative and postoperative complications included peripheral retinal tear in 3 of 65 (4.6%) eyes, postoperative rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 1 of 65 (1.5%) eyes, neovascular glaucoma in 3 of 65 (5%) eyes, recurrent vitreous hemorrhage in 1 of 65 (1.5%) eyes, hard exudates in the center of the macula in 3 of 56 (4.6%) eyes, postoperative epiretinal membrane formation in 9 of 65 (13.8%) eyes, and a lamellar macular hole in 1 of 65 (1.5%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema is an effective procedure for reducing the edema and improving visual acuity. Because the postoperative reduction in retinal thickness is not complete until 4 months, the assessment of vitrectomy on foveal thickness should not be made until this time. In addition, there are severe complications from vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema, and careful preoperative and postoperative examinations and surgical methods are required.     

玻璃体切除治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的:评价玻璃体切除术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的效果。方法:93例(139眼)增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变病例均行玻璃体切除术,术后平均随访(16.72±8.53)mo,对视力及手术失败的原因进行回顾性分析。结果:98眼(70.50%)视力得到提高,术后视力明显好于术前(P<0.001);手术失败的主要原因是视网膜脱离和黄斑病变。结论:玻璃体切除术是治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的有效方法。     

Vitrectomy results in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

To evaluate the effectiveness of vitrectomy on eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). · METHODS: A total of 139 eyes of 93 cases with PDR underwent vitrectomy and were followed up for 3-24 months (16.72±8.53 months; mean±SD). The visual acuity and the factors causing recurrence of operation were analyzed. · RESULTS: The visual acuity was improved in 98 eyes (70.50%) after vitrectomy. The mean postoperative visual acuity was significantly better than the mean preoperative visual acuity. The main reasons for the failure of operation were retinal detachment and maculopathy. · CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that vitrectomy is generally an effective procedure in treating PDR     

Vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema: effect of glycemic control (HbA(1c)), renal function (creatinine) and other local factors

AIMS: To determine the effect of preoperative factors on the foveal thickness following vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema. METHODS: Fifty-eight eyes of 47 patients underwent vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema. In all eyes, no clear, visible vitreomacular traction was present. Twelve eyes were pseudophakic before vitrectomy, and 31 eyes underwent concurrent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent effect of age, history of photocoagulation, diabetic retinopathy status, preoperative posterior vitreous detachment, HbA(1c) and serum creatinine levels within 2 weeks before surgery, lens status after surgery and follow-up period on the foveal thickness determined by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: The median preoperative visual acuity was 20/100 (range from 20/500 to 20/20), and the median postoperative visual acuity was 20/70 (range from 20/500 to 20/13). The preoperative visual acuity (logarithm of minimal angle of resolution; logMAR) was 0.73 +/- 0.36 (mean +/- SD; 20/107 Snellen acuity), and the mean postoperative logMAR visual acuity was 0.60 +/- 0.39 (20/80), which was significantly better than the mean preoperative value (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p = 0.011). The mean +/- SD of preoperative foveal thickness was 475.9 +/- 172.5 micrometer, and the mean postoperative foveal thickness was 277.3 +/- 171.9 micrometer. The mean postoperative foveal thickness was significantly thinner than the preoperative thickness (Student's paired t test, p < 0.0001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a preoperative low HbA(1c) and postoperative pseudophakia were independently associated with the decrease in foveal thickness (p = 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The greater reduction in foveal thickness in eyes with an IOL probably resulted from a relatively larger amount of vitreous being removed during the vitrectomy. Because the decrease in foveal thickness may be related to the preoperative glycemic control and the amount of vitreous, these factors should be considered in the planning for vitrectomy.     

Surgical removal of subfoveal hard exudates in diabetic maculopathy

PURPOSE: To examine the efficacy of surgical removal of subfoveal hard exudates during surgery in diabetic maculopathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was done on 60 patients (66 eyes) that all underwent surgical removal of subfoveal hard exudates under the same surgeon. Thirty-two men (37 eyes) and 28 women (29 eyes) were included in this study. The average age of the patients was 60 years (range, 30-77 years). The average follow-up period was 21 months (range, 12-48 months). All eyes were classified into 3 groups: 13 postoperative massive type eyes, 31 massive type eyes, and 22 scatter type eyes. We evaluated the visual results of these types. RESULTS: Preoperative and postoperative mean visual acuity was as follows: postoperative massive type 0.11, 0.22, massive type 0.12, 0.29, and scatter type 0.19, 0.33. Postoperatively visual acuity improved significantly in all types. There were no subfoveal hard exudates postoperatively in any eyes. CONCLUSION: Surgical removal of massive subfoveal hard exudates is effective, but its effects on vision are limited. Surgical removal of deposited subfoveal hard exudates may prevent massive subfoveal hard exudates postoperatively and improve visual prognosis.     

Long-term outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane removal in diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To report the long-term visual results and anatomical outcome as assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with removal of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: Medical records of 27 eyes of 27 patients who underwent PPV with ILM removal for DME attributable to diffuse leakage were reviewed. This retrospective study included eyes that underwent PPV with ILM removal at our institution with preoperative and postoperative OCT assessment of DME. None of the eyes had OCT evidence of anteroposterior vitreomacular traction. Main outcome measures were foveal thickness and visual acuity changes. RESULTS: Foveal thickness decreased by at least 20% in 22 eyes (81.4%) and increased by at least 20% in 3 eyes (11.1%) with PPV and ILM removal (mean follow-up +/- SD, 27.6 +/- 7.2 months; range, 12-38 months). Mean foveal thickness decrease +/- SD was 178 +/- 164 microm (43.6%), with a mean preoperative foveal thickness +/- SD of 408 +/- 121 microm compared with a mean postoperative foveal thickness +/- SD of 230 +/- 74 microm (P < 0.001). Recurrence of DME was observed at postoperative month 24 in 2 eyes and postoperative month 30 in 1 eye. Visual acuity improved by > or =2 lines in 10 eyes (37%) and decreased by > or =2 lines in 3 eyes (11.1%). Mean best-corrected logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) visual acuity +/- SD was 0.75 +/- 0.35 preoperatively and 0.63 +/- 0.33 postoperatively (P = 0.033). CONCLUSION: PPV with ILM removal appears to be effective in reducing DME and improving visual acuity, and its effectiveness is maintained in the long term. Recurrence of DME may be observed in the late postoperative period.     

Vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema: the role of posterior vitreous detachment and epimacular membrane

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy on eyes with diabetic macular edema in the presence or absence of a complete posterior vitreous detachment and with or without an epimacular membrane. METHODS: Pars plana vitrectomy was performed on 30 eyes of 29 cases with diabetic macular edema. Visual acuity was measured, and retinal thickness was determined by optical coherence tomography before and after vitrectomy. To evaluate the relationship between the effects of vitrectomy and the presence or absence of posterior vitreous detachment and/or epimacular membrane, all eyes were placed into one of four groups: group A, eyes with posterior vitreous detachment and epimacular membrane; B, eyes with posterior vitreous detachment and without epimacular membrane; C, eyes without posterior vitreous detachment and with epimacular membrane; and D, eyes without posterior vitreous detachment and without epimacular membrane. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 was investigated immunohistochemically in epimacular membrane specimens obtained from seven eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema. RESULTS: The postoperative mean visual acuity (0.653 +/- 0.350: mean +/- SD logarithm of minimal angle of resolution [logMAR]) was significantly better than the mean preoperative visual acuity (0.891 +/- 0.319 logMAR; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P =.0007). The postoperative foveal thickness (264.5 +/- 118.6 microm) was significantly thinner than the preoperative foveal thickness (477.8 +/- 147.7 microm; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P <.0001). There were no significant differences in the improvement of visual acuity and decrease of foveal thickness between the four groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, P =.13, P =.65, respectively). All of the epimacular membranes obtained at surgery expressed vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that vitrectomy with removal of epimacular membrane is generally an effective procedure in reducing diabetic macular edema, and the outcome does not depend on the presence absence of posterior vitreous detachment and epimacular membrane.     

Avastin联合黄斑格栅样光凝治疗DME的视力预后的多因素分析

目的:探讨影响玻璃体腔注射Avastin联合黄斑格栅样光凝治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema ,DME)后患者视力的相关因素。 方法:回顾性分析Avastin联合黄斑格栅样光凝治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿患者41例41眼。运用SPSS 14.0分析患者性别、年龄、病程、治疗前最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、治疗前黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度（CMT）、DME类型、治疗后CMT变化、黄斑中心凹下有无大片硬性渗出与治疗后BCVA之间的相关性。 结果:在治疗后1mo时,BCVA与病程、治疗前BCVA、黄斑水肿减轻程度及黄斑中心凹下是否有大片硬性渗出相关(P＜0.05)。 结论:选择术前视力较好、病程短、黄斑中心凹下无大片硬性渗出的患者经联合治疗后可获得较好的视力。     

The influence of hard exudates on the results of vitrectomy for macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy

PURPOSE: To demonstrate surgical results of diabetic macular edema from the distribution of hard exudates. METHODS: We reviewed 485 eyes of 325 patients followed up more than 1 year who underwent vitreous surgery for diabetic macular edema. Four groups were identified from the distribution of hard exudates in the macular region: no hard exudate type, 179 eyes; hard exudate type, 211 eyes; macular deposit type, 73 eyes; and waxy type, 22 eyes. We evaluated the preoperative characteristics, the period required for absorption of macular edema, visual outcome, and postoperative complications among the four types. RESULTS: In the waxy type, the macular edema was absorbed more slowly than no hard exudate type and hard exudate type(p < 0.05) more patients had proteinurea and were treated by grid photocoagulation before surgery than the other types, and the rate of occurrence of rubeotic glaucoma and attrition by death was higher than in the other types. Visual acuity was significantly improved in all types postoperatively(p < 0.05). Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity were as follows: no hard exudate type, 0.28, 0.48; hard exudate type, 0.21, 0.33; macular deposit type, 0.10, 0.17; and waxy type, 0.04, 0.11. CONCLUSION: The distribution of hard exudates was directly related to surgical results for diabetic macular edema. The waxy type had poor prognosis.     

糖尿病黄斑水肿玻璃体手术治疗1a预后

目的观察玻璃体手术治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿(DME)术后1 a的疗效.方法对89例(116眼)糖尿病黄斑水肿患者行玻璃体手术,观察手术前、后患者的视力、黄斑水肿改善程度以及手术并发症的情况.随访时间为1a.结果随诊1a,术后最佳矫正视力(0.428±0.387[mean±SD])与术前最佳矫正视力(0.285±0.249)比较,差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.0001);41只非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变眼中,术后最佳矫正视力(0.450±0.410)与术前最佳矫正视力(0.291±0.201)比较,差异有显著意义(P=0.0171);75只增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变眼中,术后最佳矫正视力(0.41 6±0.376)与术前最佳矫正视力(0.282±0.272)比较,差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.0001);糖尿病视网膜病变分期对最终视力并无影响.术后,74眼黄斑水肿吸收,占63.8%.随诊中,53眼最佳矫正视力提高2行或2行以上,占45.7%;39眼视力不变,占33.6%;24眼视力下降2行或2行以上,占20.7%.术中及术后并发症包括,医源性视网膜裂孔,玻璃体积血,新生血管性青光眼,黄斑中心凹硬性渗出,黄斑萎缩及黄斑上膜.这些并发症中造成最佳矫正视力下降2行或2行以上的原因是新生血管性青光眼(4眼),黄斑萎缩(10眼),硬性渗出(9眼)及黄斑上膜(1眼).结论玻璃体手术可以有效提高糖尿病黄斑水肿患者的视力及改善黄斑水肿,但此治疗有着严重的并发症,因而应仔细认真行术前术后检查,掌握手术技巧.     

Evaluation of the efficacy of vitrectomy for persistent diabetic macular edema and associated factors predicting outcome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy for persistent diabetic macular edema after laser photocoagulation or intravitreal triamcinolone injections and to determine the demographic and ocular factors that influence functional and anatomical outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 55 eyes (51 patients) that had persistent diffuse macular edema after laser photocoagulation or intravitreal triamcinolone injections. We compared preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity and macular thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography and investigated factors including patient's age, presence of vitreomacular traction, grade of diabetic retinopathy, and intraoperative internal limiting membrane removal that may influence the surgical results. RESULTS: The mean preoperative BCVA (log MAR) was 0.91+/-0.40 (0.8-1.2). The BCVA improved to 0.72+/-0.39 (0.3-1.2). The mean preoperative macular thickness was 440+/-130 (202-805) micrometer and the mean macular thickness decreased to 306+/-97 (136-580) micrometer postoperatively. The eyes showed statistically significant improvement in BCVA and central macular thickness (p<0.001). Preoperative better BCVA was associated with an improved postoperative visual acuity. (p=0.04). No other covariates were found to be statistically significant factors for prognosis of postoperative BCVA. CONCLUSIONS: In eyes with persistent diabetic macular edema after laser or IVTA injections, vitrectomy was effective for decreasing macular thickness and improvement of vision. The visual improvement after vitrectomy was associated with the preoperative better BCVA.     

Subretinal washout for subtle subfoveal hard exudates in diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of subretinal washout for subtle subfoveal hard exudates in diabetic macular edema. METHODS: This study was done retrospectively on a series of patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema accompanied with subtle subfoveal hard exudates and operated on by one surgeon(NO). Patients ranged in age from 30 to 76 years(mean, 59 years). The postoperative follow-up interval ranged from 12 to 76 months, with a mean of 35 months. Two groups were identified. The first group contained all 26 eyes that had vitreous surgery with subretinal washout. This was compared with a second group of 51 eyes without subretinal washout. We compared the rate of occurrence of postoperative massive foveal hard exudates, visual acuity results, and complications with and without subretinal washout. RESULT: There was no significant difference in base line demographics between the two groups. Massive foveal hard exudates did not occur in eyes with subretinal washout, but occurred in 29 (57%) of the eyes without subretinal washout(p < 0.0001) and in 15 eyes which had undergone reoperation with subretinal washout. Visual acuity improved in 54% of the subretinal washout eyes and 45% of the eyes without it. Visual acuity improved to 20/30 or better in 23% of the eyes with subretinal washout and in 8% of the eyes without subretinal washout. There was no serious complication related to subretinal washout. CONCLUSION: Subretinal washout for subtle subfoveal hard exudates in diabetic macular edema may prevent massive subfoveal exudates and improve visual results. Further study is needed to investigate the pathogenesis.     

Foveal translocation with scleral imbrication in patients with myopic neovascular maculopathy

PURPOSE: To report our surgical results of foveal translocation with scleral imbrication in patients with myopic neovascular maculopathy. DESIGN: Noncomparative, interventional, consecutive case series. METHODS: Ten eyes of 10 myopic patients with subfoveal neovascular membranes that had undergone foveal translocation with scleral imbrication were recruited for this retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were myopia 6.0 diopters or greater in refractive error (or axial length 26.5 mm or longer), subfoveal choroidal neovascularization, and preoperative best-corrected visual acuity of 20/100 or worse. None of these eyes had undergone prior laser photocoagulation or submacular surgery. The main outcome measures were surgical complications and postoperative visual function. RESULTS: Postoperatively, visual acuity had improved more than 3 lines in the logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) measurement in all eyes. The mean preoperative, postoperative best, and final visual acuity were 0.12, 0.59, and 0.51, respectively. Of the 10 eyes, six achieved a postoperative final visual acuity of 20/40 or better. The mean postoperative foveal displacement was 0.78 disk diameter (range, 0.3--1.3 disk diameter). Two patients underwent a reoperation because of insufficient foveal displacement. Furthermore, one of these two patients required a third operation to reduce an excessive retinal fold involving the fovea induced by the second surgery. Of the 10 patients, two noted transient diplopia. This complaint, however, resolved over time as suppression developed. Although unintentional iatrogenic retinal tears formed intraoperatively in two eyes, these were successfully treated without serious complications. Postoperatively, mild retinal pigment epithelial changes were observed in all cases, but none led to significant deterioration of visual acuity during the follow-up period. All patients but one were followed for a minimum of 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: In eyes with myopic neovascular maculopathy, foveal translocation with scleral imbrication may be useful in improving visual acuity. Further refinements in surgical technique and assessment of the long-term complications will be needed to make this procedure safer and more useful.     

Effect of pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic vitreoretinopathy on preexisting diabetic maculopathy

BACKGROUND: Vitrectomy is the treatment of choice for proliferative diabetic vitreoretinopathy with tractions and persistent vitreous hemorrhage. Since vitrectomy has recently been discussed as a possible therapy for diabetic maculopathy as well, we were especially interested in studying the change in diabetic maculopathy following surgery. For that purpose a grading system developed at our clinic was used. METHODS: In a retrospective study we evaluated fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms of 33 eyes of 30 patients who had undergone vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic vitreoretinopathy at our clinic between 1990 and 1997. In all eyes diabetic maculopathy was present at the time of surgery. The grading was performed using preoperative images and images taken a median of 18 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Best corrected visual acuity increased by 3.7 lines on average. Intraretinal dot and spot hemorrhages, hard exudates, microaneurysms on fundus photos, and leakage and cysts on fluorescein angiograms decreased after surgery. The extent of the foveolar avascular zone and the extent of the perifoveolar ischemic area worsened, however. CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy seems to help diabetic eyes not only by removal of membranes, tractions, and vitreous hemorrhage; it seems to have a positive influence on the course of diabetic maculopathy as well. We suspect that the removal of the posterior vitreous membrane is one of the crucial factors in interrupting the disease process. From these results the indication for vitrectomy in diabetic patients may have to be reconsidered and extended to include diabetic maculopathy prior to the development of ischemia.     

Tomographic findings of foveal hard exudates in diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To report the intraretinal location of foveal hard exudates after vitrectomy to treat diabetic macular edema and to evaluate the visual outcome. METHODS: In a prospective study, the tomographic features of 11 eyes (8 patients) with diabetic macular edema were evaluated with optical coherence tomography after vitrectomy. The intraretinal location of hard exudates at the fovea (anatomic foveola) and the relationship with visual acuity were investigated. RESULTS: With optical coherence tomography, hard exudates were observed as highly reflective spots in the cross-sectional images. In six of 11 eyes (54.5%), the hard exudates were in the inner portion of the neurosensory retina; the final best-corrected visual acuity averaged 20/70 in the six eyes. In the remaining five eyes (45.5%), hard exudates were deposited not only in the neurosensory retina but also in the subretinal space. In optical coherence tomographic images, subretinal hard exudates were observed as highly reflective plaques, which were slightly elevated over the retinal pigment epithelium. The five eyes developed a serous retinal detachment at the fovea before or after vitrectomy. Subretinal hard exudates bridged the detached neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium in two eyes. The average final visual acuity level in the five eyes was 20/300. The visual outcome was significantly worse in five eyes with subretinal hard exudates than in six eyes with an intraretinal one (P <.05, Wilcoxon rank sum tests). CONCLUSIONS: If serous retinal detachment develops before or after vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema, hard exudates tend to accumulate not only in the neurosensory retina but also in the subretinal space. The visual prognosis is worse in cases of subretinal exudation.     

玻切内界膜撕除联合玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗顽固性黄斑水肿疗效观察

目的 评价玻切(玻璃体切割)内界膜撕除联合玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗顽固性黄斑水肿的疗效.方法 取18例(22只眼)继发于糖尿病视网膜病变的顽固性黄斑水肿患者行玻切、内界膜撕除联合玻璃体腔内曲安奈德注射治疗,术后随访9～12月,比较患者术前、术后视力改善及黄斑水肿消退情况.结果 术后患眼视力和黄斑水肿均明显改善,经治疗的22只眼中15只眼(68.19%)视力提高2行或2行以上,7只眼(31.81%)视力不变;术后9个月时,最佳矫正视力从术前的0.07±0.05增加到0.14±0.06(t=5.26,P=0.000).OCT结果显示:黄斑水肿明显消退者有20只眼,占90.91%,2只眼水肿消退不明显,占9.09%.黄斑中心凹厚度从术前的(554.18±140.14)μm降至(291.45±95.38)μm(t=7.23,P =0.000).其中有6只患眼的黄斑中心凹厚度恢复至正常水平.结论 玻切、内界膜撕除联合玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗顽固性黄斑水肿安全、有效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of pars plana vitrectomy with removal of the internal limiting membrane addition to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection in eyes with refractory macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy.Methods Eighteen patients (22 eyes) with refractory macular edema which was secondary to diabetic retinopathy underwent pars plana vitrectomy with removal of the internal limiting membrane addition to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection, Followed-up for 9-12 months.Preoperative and postoperative changes in macular edema and visual acuity were compared.Results The visual acuity and macular edema were significantly improved after treatment.Visual acuity improved by two or more lines in 15 eyes (68.19%) and remained stable in 7 eyes (31.81%).The mean preoperative visual acuity was 0.07± 0.05.The visual acuity improved to 0.14± 0.06 (t=5.26, P =0.000).OCT showed that macular edema had weakened significantly in 20 eyes (90.91%), remained stable in 2 eyes (9.09%).Central macular thickness was 554.18+/-140.14μ m at baseline and 291.45+/-95.38μ m at 12-month follow-up, showed that macular edema decreased obviously (t =7.23, P =0.000).Addition to that, central macular thickness in 6 eyes returned to normal levels.Conclusions Pars plana vitrectomy with removal of the internal limiting membrane addition to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for refractory macular edema is safe and effective.     

25-gauge macular surgery: results and complications

PURPOSE: To report the safety and surgical outcome of 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy for macular conditions. METHODS: In a single-center, retrospective, noncomparative case series, 160 eyes of 150 patients underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy for different macular conditions: 108 eyes for idiopathic macular pucker, 24 for idiopathic macular hole, and 28 for tractional diabetic macular edema. Main outcome measures were surgical time, preoperative and 1-day intraocular pressure (IOP), preoperative and 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month visual acuity, intraoperative and postoperative complications, anatomical results, and cataract progression. All patients were observed up for at least 6 months. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 10 months (range, 6-20 months). Mean operative time +/- SD was 21 +/- 11 minutes. Mean 1-day IOP was 14 +/- 4 mmHg. No IOP was <8 mmHg on postoperative day 1. Mean overall preoperative visual acuity was 20/70, and mean overall postoperative visual acuity was 20/40 (P or=2 Snellen lines of visual acuity at 1 month; 74%, at 3 months; and 67%, at 6 months (P 相似文献   

Vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

PURPOSE: We reviewed the outcome of vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) and evaluated factors affecting the final visual outcome. METHODS: We performed primary vitreous surgery for proliferative DR in 148 eyes of 118 cases in three years from July 1999 to August 2002. All cases were followed for at least 3 months. We excluded vitreous surgery for diabetic maculopathy. Ages ranged from 24 to 80 (mean 57) years. Average postoperative follow-up period was 15 months. We evaluated the stage of DR by the new Fukuda classification. RESULT: Preoperative classification consisted of BIV (54 eyes, 36%), BV (94 eyes, 64%), and BV + VI (36 eyes). Final visual acuity was improved by 2 lines or more in 102 eyes (69%), remained unchanged in 28 eyes (19%), and decreased by two lines or more in 18 eyes (12%). There was a statistical correlation between preoperative visual acuity and final visual acuity. Earlier stages of DR had better visual outcome. Compared to the surgical outcome in the 1990s, the percentage of worsened eyes decreased. CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy for proliferative DR may be beneficial if performed in the earlier stages of DR or if the patient has better visual acuity before vitrectomy.     

Vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation for diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: The outcome of vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (PEA+IOL) for diabetic macular edema was evaluated. METHODS: Included in this study were 31 patients (42 eyes) with clinically significant diabetic macular edema, in whom posterior vitreous detachment was not observed. Pars plana vitrectomy combined with PEA+IOL was performed on 15 eyes. Sixteen phakic eyes and 11 pseudophakic eyes were followed up without vitrectomy as controls. Visual acuity and the state of macular edema were evaluated. RESULTS: After follow-up of 18 +/- 7 (mean +/- SD) months, clinically significant macular edema remained in 3 eyes (20%) of the vitrectomy group, in 11 eyes (69%) of the phakic control group, and in 9 eyes (82%) of the pseudophakic control group. The logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (Log(MAR)) of the best-corrected visual acuity of the vitrectomy group eyes significantly improved from 1.09 +/- 0.27 to 0.80 +/- 0.35 (P <.01), while that of pseudophakic control eyes significantly decreased from 0.59 +/- 0.17 to 0.86 +/- 0.28 (P <.05). The Log(MAR) of phakic control eyes also decreased from 0.82 +/- 0.36 to 0.93 +/- 0.30, but there was no significant difference (P =.19). CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy combined with PEA+IOL is an effective surgical modality to improve visual acuity in eyes with clinically significant diabetic macular edema.