基于作者主题模型和辐射模型的用户位置预测模型

由于全球定位系统（GPS）设备采集的用户历史位置数据通常具有稀疏性,使得基于单个用户数据的位置预测模型能力受限,所以结合人类移动性的时间和空间周期性,提出一种基于作者主题模型（ATM）和辐射模型（RM）的用户位置预测模型。在时间维度上,该模型利用ATM发现与目标用户移动行为相似的用户群,并确定该用户群在预测时刻所处的目标状态;在空间维度上,该模型利用RM算法计算目标用户的候选地点在目标状态下的概率,并通过比较各候选地点的概率值确定目标用户可能出现的地点,从而实现对目标用户位置的预测。实验结果表明,该模型的平均预测准确率为61.49%,相对于基于变阶的Markov模型提高近28个百分点。所提预测模型能够在单个用户数据量小的条件下获得更高的预测准确率。     

状态空间模型的双层结构预测控制算法

双层结构预测控制是指先进行设定值优化、再进行设定值跟踪的预测控制.在已有的双层结构动态矩阵控制的基础上,本文给出基于状态空间模型的双层结构预测控制算法.该算法基于干扰模型和新定义的开环预测值,给出了新的开环预测模块.该开环预测模块采用Kalman滤波方法得到操作变量、被控变量的开环动、稳态预测值.基于这些开环预测值,稳态目标计算模块的基本原理同双层结构动态矩阵控制,但是具体细节上遵循状态空间方法.动态控制模块基于稳态目标计算提供的操作变量、被控变量的稳态目标(设定值),采用二次规划算法计算控制作用.仿真算例证实了该算法的有效性.     

OWL-S模型转化为重写逻辑模型的方法

OWL-S模型在基于服务的软件设计中具有重要作用,但由于其非完全形式化的模型,不能直接对其进行形式化分析与验证。基于OWL-S模型的重写逻辑语义框架,通过对数据类型、表达式、控制结构与Process的转换,设计并实现了OWL-S模型到重写逻辑模型的自动转化工具,为能够在软件实现前为设计模型的形式化分析与验证,以及可靠性分析提供基础。     

业务模型中的协同模型研究*

针对业务模型中对协同关系描述的不足,详细定义了协同模型,给出了从业务模型中的过程模型抽取协同模型的规则,并阐明了协同模型对业务模型中其他各模型的影响。     

改进的软件测试模型——“并”模型

通过对传统的V模型、W模型、X模型和H模型进行分析和比较,得出了它们各自的缺陷,在此基础上提出了"并"模型这种新的软件测试模型。该模型克服了传统软件测试模型的缺陷,较全面地描述了软件开发活动和软件测试活动以及它们之间的交互活动。最后将该模型运用到实际的项目开发中,实践证明该模型有效提高了软件测试效率。     

Finite model order accuracy in Hammerstein model estimation

Hammerstein models is one of the most commonly used model classes used for identifying nonlinear systems. A static input nonlinearity followed by a linear dynamical part is an adequate way to model many real-life systems. This paper investigates the asymptotic (in terms of sample size) variance of Hammerstein model estimates. The work extends earlier results by Ninness and Gibson (2002) in the following ways. Not only frequency function estimation but estimation of general quantities is considered. The expressions are not restricted to be valid asymptotically in the model order. In addition, the results cover model structures having noise models and allow for data generated under feedback. The increase in variance due to the estimation of the input nonlinearity is characterized. In particular, under open loop operation, white additive noise and the assumption of a separable process, it is shown that the variance increase is exactly a term that was observed in Ninness and Gibson (2002) to result in good agreement with simulations. This term vanishes in the formal asymptotic in model order analysis in Ninness and Gibson (2002).     

基于ALAP元模型的产品功能模型

针对当前产品功能建模理论没有覆盖智能设计完整生命周期的问题,提出应用—逻辑—算法—物理分层抽象模型（Application-Logic-Algorithm-Physics layer abstract model,ALAP）,将其作为产品功能模型的元模型,并阐述产品功能模型的构建流程;提出用于描述产品功能模型的功能对象方法树（Function Object Method Tree,FOMT）,并给出座椅设计描述的实例.ALAP具有一般性、开放性和通用性的特点,可为新的产品功能模型开发提供参考,也能规范已有模型,使不同模型之间可以通信.     

一种数据模型的范畴论建模方法

针对数据模型复杂语义建模的应用需求, 以及目前数据模型范畴论建模方法理论研究与工程实践方面存在的不足, 建立了一种素描数据模型。该模型在模型范畴的形式化框架内, 用与特定数据库建模语言无关的范畴论对数据库状态的一致性转换进行了形式化描述, 扩展了传统ER模型的表示与处理功能。基于素描对图形化建模规范的支持, 设计了ER模型向素描数据模型转换的算法, 以精确的语义联系保证模型转换的语义完整性, 并通过实验与对比分析了素描数据模型与算法的优势, 为数据模型的范畴论建模方法研究提供便利、高效的形式化理论框架。     

Graph and model transformation tools for model migration

We describe the results of the Transformation Tool Contest 2010 workshop, in which nine graph and model transformation tools were compared for specifying model migration. The model migration problem—migration of UML activity diagrams from version 1.4 to version 2.2—is non-trivial and practically relevant. The solutions have been compared with respect to several criteria: correctness, conciseness, understandability, appropriateness, maturity and support for extensions to the core migration task. We describe in detail the comparison method, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the solutions with a special focus on the differences between graph and model transformation for model migration. The comparison results demonstrate tool and language features that strongly impact the efficacy of solutions, such as support for retyping of model elements. The results are used to motivate an agenda for future model migration research (including suggestions for areas in which the tools need to be further improved).     

基于不完全朴素贝叶斯分类模型的垃圾邮件分类模型

由于朴素贝叶斯分类模型的简单高效,在垃圾邮件分类时可以达到较好的效果;但朴素贝叶斯的条件独立假设割裂了属性之间的关系,影响了分类的准确性。放松朴素贝叶斯分类模型关于属性之间条件独立假设,介绍一种新的基于不完全朴素贝叶斯分类模型的垃圾邮件分类模型,N平均1 依赖邮件过滤模型。使用N个1 依赖分类模型的平均概率作为分类的预测概率。实验证明,该模型在简单、高效的同时降低了对垃圾邮件分类的错误率。     

Operator-specific model: An assembly time prediction model

A model was developed to predict assembly time for a circuit board assembly task. It was based upon the GOMS language developed for task time prediction in human-computer interaction. It incorporated sequential elements of information processing, defined by cognitive, motor, and perceptual processors, in a critical path network. The model was used to predict assembly time for four assembly strategies using four different combinations of workstation and assembly sequences. The model was useful in predicting cognitive changes associated with the development of expertise. As assemblers gained experience, structural changes in the network implied that several processors were chunked. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Simulink模型到Modelica模型转换技术

针对Simulink模型重用到更高阶的Modelica平台上的需求,分析Simulink模型的数学本质和代码表达,以及Modelica对外部函数和外部类的支持,重用Simulink模型转换生成的S function目标C代码,实现Simulink模型到Modelica模型转换.     

From model transformation to incremental bidirectional model synchronization

The model-driven software development paradigm requires that appropriate model transformations are applicable in different stages of the development process. The transformations have to consistently propagate changes between the different involved models and thus ensure a proper model synchronization. However, most approaches today do not fully support the requirements for model synchronization and focus only on classical one-way batch-oriented transformations. In this paper, we present our approach for an incremental model transformation which supports model synchronization. Our approach employs the visual, formal, and bidirectional transformation technique of triple graph grammars. Using this declarative specification formalism, we focus on the efficient execution of the transformation rules and how to achieve an incremental model transformation for synchronization purposes. We present an evaluation of our approach and demonstrate that due to the speedup for the incremental processing in the average case even larger models can be tackled.

一种扩展的使用控制模型及其实施模型*

指出了原有UCON模型缺乏对特定使用会话中资源使用之后的行为处理能力、过度简化了使用会话的概念以及缺乏一种综合考虑其决策连续性和属性可变性特征的实施机制这几个方面的问题。针对上述问题,给出了一个完整的职责模型,扩展了原有的UCON,并提出了一种通用的使用控制实施模型。     

将UML模型转换成SDL模型的方法

提出了一种将UML模型转换成SDL模型的方法.UML是一种优秀的建模语言,使用UML可以为协议建立模型带来很多方便.但是,UML缺乏形式化语义,因此不能满足协议精确性的要求.SDL是一种用于通信软件规格的标准语言,它拥有形式化语义,而且有很多商业软件都支持它.在协议设计和开发中,将UML模型转换成SDL模型可以克服这样的缺点.通过为UML制作适当的profile,并制定严格的转换规则可以实现模型的转换.     

基于动态领域模型的页面设计模式

当系统中页面很多时,针对每个页面分别设计实现的方法开发成本太高,且难以维护.为了解决这个问题,提出了动态页面设计模式.这种模式使用动态领域建模的方法,特页面上的控件抽象成领域元素,控件的特性抽象成元素的属性,然后在领域模型的基础上建立一个页面设计平台.使用该平台可以在不修改源代码的基础上,可以动态地新增或修改页面,对于有特殊要求的页面,使用服务,插件等方法进行实现.这种方法具有很高的理论和应用价值.     

基于控制系统负反馈框图的质量管理模型

提出一种使用闭环系统负反馈框图建立软件过程的控制模型的方法。该模型利用软件过程中关键域的度量值及其在不同开发阶段的权重来形式化地描述软件开发中某一时刻的特征，并且通过它与设定的门限值的比较来指导软件过程，保证软件质量。     

More efficient PEST compatible model independent model calibration

This article describes some of the capabilities encapsulated within the Model Independent Calibration and Uncertainty Analysis Toolbox (MICUT), which was written to support the popular PEST model independent interface. We have implemented a secant version of the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) method that requires far fewer model calls for local search than the PEST LM methodology. Efficiency studies on three distinct environmental model structures (HSPF, FASST, and GSSHA) show that we can find comparable local minima with 36–84% fewer model calls than a conventional model independent LM application. Using the secant LM method for local search, MICUT also supports global optimization through the use of a slightly modified version of a stochastic global search technique called Multi-Level Single Linkage [Rinnooy Kan, A.H.G., Timmer, G., 1987a. Stochastic global optimization methods, part I: clustering methods. Math. Program. 39, 27–56; Rinnooy Kan, A.H.G., Timmer, G., 1987b. Stochastic global optimization methods, part ii: multi level methods. Math. Program. 39, 57–78.]. Comparison studies with three environmental models suggest that the stochastic global optimization algorithm in MICUT is at least as, and sometimes more efficient and reliable than the global optimization algorithms available in PEST.     

Anonymous-address-resolution model

Address-resolution protocol (ARP) is an important protocol of data link layers that aims to obtain the corresponding relationship between Internet Protocol (IP) and Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. Traditional ARPs (address-resolution and neighbor-discovery protocols) do not consider the existence of malicious nodes, which reveals destination addresses in the resolution process. Thus, these traditional protocols allow malicious nodes to easily carry out attacks, such as man-in-the-middle attack and denial-of-service attack. To overcome these weaknesses, we propose an anonymous-address-resolution (AS-AR) protocol. AS-AR does not publicize the destination address in the address-resolution process and hides the IP and MAC addresses of the source node. The malicious node cannot obtain the addresses of the destination and the node which initiates the address resolution; thus, it cannot attack. Analyses and experiments show that AS-AR has a higher security level than existing security methods, such as secure-neighbor discovery.