Dignität von Glomus-caroticum-Tumoren

Introduction

Tumors of the carotid body are rare paragangliomas (incidence 0.012%) originating from sympathetic fibres of the carotid bifurcation. Growth is slow and they frequently become symptomatic through local mechanical compression of neighboring vascular and neural structures. The aim of this study is to present the diagnosis, therapy and course in patients with a carotid body tumor treated at our department of the Düsseldorf University Hospital and to discuss rates of recurrence and also dignity during the long-term follow-up.

Patients and methods

Included in this retrospective study were all patients treated for a carotid body tumor between January 1988 and June 2008. At follow-up examination the current history was recorded and a physical examination, sonography and duplex sonography were carried out. Furthermore each patient completed the questionnaires QLQ-C30 of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the module for head and neck QLQ-H&N35 to assess quality of life.

Results

In our collective of 36 patients consisting of 13 men (36%) and 23 women (64%) with an average age of 48.33 years (range 17–78 years), 16 patients presented with a local neck swelling and 5 patients each had difficulties swallowing or hoarseness, respectively. Preoperatively Horner’s syndrome was found in one patient. A total of 22 tumors were found on the right side of the neck (52.38%), 20 were found on the left side (47.62%) and 6 patients showed a bilateral carotid body tumor (16.67%), 3 of which were bilaterally excised. The other 3 patients are still under surveillance without surgery. Altogether surgery of 39 carotid body tumors was performed in 36 patients. In all 39 cases (primary surgery n=34, recurrence surgery n=5) the tumors were macroscopically excised in toto. Parts of the vagus nerve had to be resected in 3 patients (7.69% Shamblin type II n=1, Shamblin type III n=1) and resection of blood vessels was necessary during 10 operations. The survival rate after 1 year was 100%, after 2 years 96.3% and after 5 years 92.6%. A local recurrence was diagnosed in 2 patients (5.13%). In one patient a second operation was necessary and in the other patient there was a non-progressive swelling in the carotid bifurcation which had existed for 14 years and which was conservatively left untreated. Peripheral neural lesions could be found in 12% (3/25) at long-term follow-up. None of the patients showed evidence of local or remote metastasization of a carotid body tumor.

Conclusions

Surgical extirpation of carotid body tumors can be regarded as the only curative option with an overall mortality of 0%. Morbidity is low when applying vascular surgical techniques (2.56% for central lesions). The incidence of peripheral nervous lesions is high reflecting the radicality of the resection (64.10%) but is outweighed by the benefits. In the long-term follow-up the rate of permanent peripheral neural lesions decreased to 12%. Due to a potentially infiltrating and disseminating growth, carotid body tumors should be regarded as semi-malignant and should therefore be indicated for surgery at the time of diagnosis. Whether the incidence of carotid body tumors will rise due to increased routine diagnostic examination of the head and neck region using sonography and tomography remains to be seen.     

Surgery for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of the Stomach

Background  Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the main mesenchymal neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract. Tumor size, mitotic rate, and location correlate with potential malignancy and recurrence rate. Results of surgical treatment of gastric GIST are analyzed with emphasis on recurrence of disease after intermediate follow-up. Methods  From 1998 to 2006, a total of 63 patients (median age 62.1 ± 14.1) underwent gastric resection for GIST. Fifty-five patients (93.6%) returned for follow-up investigations, which included computed tomography in 45, gastroscopy in 32, and endosonography in 29. Positron emission tomography was done in five patients. Results  Mean tumor size was 5.3 ± 3.8 cm. Open atypical gastric resection was done in 32, distal gastric resection in five, and remnant gastrectomy in four patients. Laparoscopic gastric resection was initiated in 22 patients; the conversion rate was four of 22 (18.2%). Overall, R0 resection was reached in 61/63 patients (96.8%). According to the Fletcher criteria, 33 tumors (52.4%) were classified as intermediate or high risk GIST. Six patients (9.5%) died of unrelated causes before follow-up. After a median follow-up of 2.5 years, overall recurrence rate was 7.0% after R0 resection. Conclusion  Histologically proven complete resection is an effective treatment for gastric GIST. Laparoscopic procedures were carried out successfully in selected patients. Preliminary data were presented at the annual meeting of the European Association of Endoscopic Surgeons, Berlin 2006. No research grants funded this study.     

Radiofrequency Ablation vs. Resection for Hepatic Colorectal Metastasis: Therapeutically Equivalent?

Introduction  The role of ablation for hepatic colorectal metastases (HCM) continues to evolve as ablation technology changes and systemic chemotherapy improves. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of HCM compared to surgical resection. Methods  A retrospective review of our 1,105 patient prospective hepatic database from August 1995 to July 2007 identified 192 patients with only hepatic resection or only ablation for HCM. Results  Patients who underwent RFA were similar to resection patients based on a similar Fong score (1.8 vs. 2.1 p = 0.28), presence of extrahepatic disease (15% vs. 9% p = 0.19), mean number of hepatic lesions (2.8 vs. 2.1 p = 0.14), and prior chemotherapy (67% vs. 60% p = 0.33). Median time to recurrence was shorter with ablation than resection (12.2 vs. 31.1 months; p < 0.001). Recurrence at the ablation–resection site was more common with ablation than resection occurring 17% vs. 2% (p ≤ 0.001) of the time, respectively. Distant recurrence in the liver was also more common with ablation occurring in 33% of patients vs. 14% for resection (p = 0.002). Conclusions  Surgical resection is associated with a lower chance of recurrence and a longer disease-free interval than RFA and should remain the treatment of choice in resectable HCM.     

颈动脉体瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨颈动脉体瘤的诊断与外科治疗.方法 分析山东大学附属省立医院血管外科2003年1月至2010年10月收治16例颈动脉体瘤患者,经数字减影血管造影术检查得以最终确诊.采用Shamblin分型标准分型:Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型11例,Ⅲ型2例,本组全部行外科手术治疗.3例ⅠⅠ型患者行单纯摘除术.11例Ⅱ型患者中,3例行单纯摘除术,3例行摘除术并颈外动脉切除,3例行摘除术、颈外动脉切除并颈动脉修补术,2例行摘除术、颈外动脉切除并颈内动脉重建术.2例Ⅲ型患者,1例行摘除术、颈外动脉切除并颈动脉修补术,1例行摘除术、颈外动脉切除并颈内动脉重建术.结果 16例患者病理均证实为颈动脉体瘤.无手术死亡、偏瘫和失明.术后并发症中以颅神经损伤最多见,共有7例(43.75%),经对症治疗,6例有不同程度改善,1例遗留永久性13角歪斜.随访13例(81.25%),随访时间2～76个月,平均(42.0±1.2)个月,未见肿瘤复发和远处转移.结论 数字减影血管造影术在颈动脉体瘤的诊断和治疗中具有重要意义,颈动脉体瘤应首选手术治疗,可根据瘤体与血管的关系选择适当的术式.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and surgical treatment for carotid body tumors (CBT). Methods Retrospective analysis was made on 16 cases of carotid body tumors hospitalized in Shandong Provincal Hospital from January 2003 to October 2010. All patients were diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography, including 3 case of Shamblin type Ⅰ,11 cases of Shamblin type Ⅱ and 2 cases of Shamblin type Ⅲ. Three cases of type Ⅰ and 3 cases of type Ⅱ underwent carotid body tumor resection. Three cases of type Ⅱ underwent carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection, 3 cases underwent carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection plus carotid artery repairment, 2 cases did carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection plus internal carotid artery reconstruction. One of type Ⅲ underwent carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection plus carotid artery repairment, and the other one underwent carotid body tumor plus external carotid artery resection plus internal carotid artery reconstruction. Results Diagnosis of CBT was confirmed by pathology in all cases. There was no postoperative death、hemiplegia and blindness. The cranial nerve injury was caused in 7 cases, accounting for 43. 75%. 13 cases ( 81. 25% ) were followed up for 2 to 76 months ( mean 42 months), no tumor recurrence and metastasis was found. Conclusions Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is important in the diagnosis and therapy of carotid body tumor. Surgical treatment is the choice of therapy for carotid body tumors.     

A Prospective, Multi-Institutional Study of Adjuvant Radiotherapy After Resection of Malignant Phyllodes Tumors

Background  Malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast are unusual neoplasms, with an incidence of approximately 500 cases annually in the United States. Published local recurrence rates after margin-negative breast-conserving resections of borderline malignant and malignant phyllodes tumors are unacceptably high, at 24 and 20%, respectively. It is uncertain whether radiotherapy after resection of phyllodes tumors is beneficial. Methods  We prospectively enrolled patients who were treated with a margin-negative breast-conserving resection of borderline malignant or malignant phyllodes tumors to adjuvant radiotherapy. The primary endpoint was local recurrence. Results  Forty-six women were treated at 30 different institutions. The mean patient age was 49 years (range, 18–76 years). Thirty patients (65%) had malignant phyllodes tumors; the rest were borderline malignant. The mean tumor diameter was 3.7 cm (range, .8–11 cm). Eighteen patients had a negative margin on the first excision. The median size of the negative margin was .35 cm (range, <.1–2 cm). Twenty-eight patients underwent a re-excision because of positive margins in the initial resection. Two patients died of metastatic phyllodes tumor. During a median follow-up of 56 months (range, 12–129 months), none of the 46 patients developed a local recurrence (local recurrence rate, 0%; 95% confidence interval, 0–8). Conclusions  Margin-negative resection combined with adjuvant radiotherapy is very effective therapy for local control of borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors. The local recurrence rate with adjuvant radiotherapy was significantly less than that observed in reported patients treated with margin-negative resection alone.     

Surgical Management of Carotid Body Tumors

Background  Carotid body tumors (CBT) should be considered when evaluating every lateral neck mass. Methods  A retrospective study was conducted of 52 patients with 57 CBT. The surgical approach and complications were reviewed. All patients were operated on without preoperative embolization. Results  Multifocal paraganglioma (PG) were detected in six cases. A succinate dehydrogenase subunit D (SDHD) mutation was discovered in four patients. Vascular peroperative complication occurred in one case. Vascular reconstruction was decided peroperatively in five cases (8.8%). Vascular reconstruction was 0% for Shamblin 1 or 2 tumors, but 28.5% for Shamblin 3. A postoperative nerve paresis was reported in 24 patients (42.1%) and vagal nerve paralysis persisted in four cases (7.01%). The rate of serious complications, e.g., permanent nerve palsy, preoperative and postoperative complications, was 14.03%; it was 2.3% for Shamblin 1 or 2 tumors and 35.7% for Shamblin 3. One patient had malignant PG with node metastasis and was not referred for radiotherapy. No recurrence or metastasis was reported after 6-year follow-up. Conclusion  Early surgical treatment is recommended in almost all patients after preoperative evaluation and detection of multifocal tumors. Surgical excision of small tumors was safe and without complication, but resection of Shamblin 3 tumors can be challenging. Routine preoperative embolization of carotid body paragangliomas is not required.     

Contemporary management of carotid body tumors in a Midwestern academic center

BackgroundCarotid body tumors are rare, neurogenic tumors arising from the periadventitial chemoreceptive tissue of the carotid body. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the presentation and preoperative risk factors associated with surgical resection.MethodsA single-center retrospective review of 25 carotid body tumor resections from 2002 to 2019. Demographics, periprocedural details, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed using Stata (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX).ResultsAmong 25 patients, 64% were women, 84% were asymptomatic, and the mean age was 49 years (range 21–79). Forty-four percent of tumors were Shamblin III. Nine patients underwent preoperative embolization but did not correlate with decreased blood loss (299 cm³ vs 205 cm³, P = .35). The 30-day death, stroke, and cranial nerve injury rates were 0%, 8%, and 32%, respectively. Cranial nerve injuries included 20% vagus, 4% hypoglossal, 4% facial, and 4% glossopharyngeal, with permanent deficits in 4% (n = 1). Mean length of stay was 3.0 days (range 1–9 days). At a mean follow-up of 12 months (range 1–63 months), there has been no recurrence.ConclusionAlthough carotid body tumors are uncommon in the Midwest, complete surgical resection is curative of these typically hormonally inactive tumors. Preoperative embolization did not affect blood loss, and the incidence of death, stroke, and permanent cranial nerve injury rates remained very low.     

Combined craniofacial resection of anterior skull base tumors: long-term results and experience of single institution

In this article, the authors are presenting their experience and the results with combined craniofacial resection of anterior skull base tumors based on a review of 27 constitutive cases. Our data are evaluated in comparison to other major centers in other parts of the world, and possible factors that might influence surgical outcome and survival are discussed. Twenty-seven patients diagnosed with anterior skull base tumors between 1999 and 2009 were treated by combined craniofacial resection. Of these patients, there were 19 males (70, 3%) and eight females (29, 7%). The age ranged between 11 and 75 years (mean = 45.9 ± 17.6 years). The follow-up period ranged between 14 and 123 months (avarage = 74 months). The most common presenting symptoms were nasal obstruction and vision disturbance (11 patients for each −40.7%). Total resection was achieved in 24 patients (89%), while subtotal resection was done in three patients (11%). The most common complication was CSF fistule with rhinorrhea, which occurred in five patients (18.5%). Eight patients had recurrences at the time of this long-term follow-up. There were two mortalities in the early postoperative period and seven deaths in the long-term follow-up (overall mortality, 33.3%). The overall 5-year overall survival for all patients in our series was 70.4%. The 5-year overall survival was 62% for patients with malignant tumors and 100% for patients with benign tumors. Combined craniofacial resection of tumors of the anterior skull base is an effective approach for the management of these pathologies. The effectiveness is clearly demonstrated by the clinical results and outcomes of these patients’ groups. The favorable prognosis is enhanced by significantly by total resection with negative tumor margins.     

Prognostic factors affecting oncologic outcomes in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer: impact of patterns of pelvic recurrence on curative resection

Background  The purpose of this study is to investigate prognostic factors affecting oncologic outcomes in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer and determine whether recurrence patterns influence curative resection of recurrent tumor. Materials and methods  We examined 62 patients with isolated local recurrence following total mesorectal excision (TME) of the primary rectal cancer. Recurrence patterns were classified as central, anterior, posterior, lateral, and perineal with respect to the intra-pelvic tumor location. Prognostic factors affecting oncologic outcomes were analyzed, and the rate of curative resection was analyzed according to recurrence patterns. Results  The mean follow-up period was 49.0 ± 29.0 months, and the mean time to recurrence after TME was 27.9 ± 23.3 months. Twenty-three patients underwent curative resection, and the remaining 39 patients received palliative treatment. Patients with a central recurrence had the highest rate of curative resection (p = 0.006). The overall 5-year survival rate was 13.9% and significantly higher in those treated with curative resection (35.1%; p = 0.0002). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that disease-free survival less than 1 year and curative resection of local recurrence were independent prognostic factors influencing 5-year survival. Conclusion  Patients with central recurrences have a high probability of curative resection. Disease-free survival less than 1 year and curative resection of local recurrence were independent prognostic factors affecting oncologic outcomes in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer.     

Bilateral carotid body tumor resection in a female patient

IntroductionCarotid body tumors also called carotid paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms derived from neural crest cells, approximately 3% of all paragangliomas occur in the head and neck area (Xiao and She, 2015); although they represent 65% of the head and neck paragangliomas (Georgiadis et al., 2008).Presentation of caseWe present the therapeutic management of a 65-year-old woman with bilateral carotid body tumors. The patient presented to medical clinic for unrelated signs and symptoms of weight loss, dyspepsia, and epigastric pain. Physical examination showed bilateral non-tender neck masses for which imaging studies were ordered resulting in the diagnosis of bilateral carotid tumor. Surgical resection was staged with one week of distance between each tumor resection.DiscussionCarotid Body Tumors can arise from the paraganglia located within the adventitia of the medial aspect of the carotid bifurcation.Resection is the only curative treatment. Carotid body tumors resection represents a special challenge due to potential neurovascular complications.ConclusionsSurgical resection of carotid body tumors represents a special challenge to the surgeon because of the complex anatomical location of the tumor, including close relationship with the cranial nerves, involvement of the carotid vessels and large vascularization of the tumor. With the advance of diagnosis and improvement in surgical techniques as well as the understanding of biological behavior of tumors, surgical treatment has become a safer alternative for treating these tumors.     

Surgical treatment for local control of extremity and trunk desmoid tumors

Introduction  Surgical treatment has been the mainstay for extremity and trunk desmoid tumors with a negative surgical margin. However, even when resection with a wide surgical margin is achieved, the local recurrence rate remains high. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical outcome of patients with extremity and trunk desmoid tumors after surgical treatment and to determine the factors influencing local recurrence. Materials and methods  Between January 1991 and December 2003, 30 of 58 patients with desmoid tumors referred to our institutions and surgically treated and followed up for more than 2 years were selected for this study. Patient age, gender, tumor size, location, status of disease (primary or recurrent), and surgical margins were analyzed as possible risk factors for recurrence. Results  Sixteen (53%) of the 30 patients had a local recurrence. Eight of the 19 patients (42.1%) with a negative surgical margin experienced a recurrence. Younger age (<30 years) was a significant risk factor for local recurrence (P < 0.05). Tumor size, surgical margin and previous surgical history were not associated with local recurrence. Younger age and female gender had a propensity for local recurrence, suggesting that the biological behavior of desmoid tumor may depend on the status of the disease at presentation. Conclusions  These results suggest that radical surgical treatment causing severe functional impairment should be avoided in selected cases on the basis of patient characteristics, and that other novel therapeutic tools may be necessary for patients in whom a higher risk of local recurrence is assumed or severe complications after surgical treatment are predicted.     

Cervical paragangliomas-tumor control and long-term functional results after surgery.

Objective: To report long-term functional results of the surgical treatment of cervical paragangliomas. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of 22 patients with 34 head and neck paragangliomas of which 27 were resected between 1981 and 2004. Of these, 16 were carotid body tumors and 11 were vagal paragangliomas. There were 13 women and 9 men with an average age of 48.6 years (range, 26 to 75 years; median, 49 years) and the mean follow-up period was 82 months (range, 3 to 184 months; median, 61 months). Results: There were 13 solitary tumors of which 5 were carotid body tumors and 8 vagal paragangliomas. Multiple head and neck paragangliomas were seen in 9 patients (41%). The incidence of associated multiple tumors was 64.3% for carotid body tumors and 38.5% for vagal paragangliomas. Complete tumor resection was achieved in all but 1 patient in whom a small intradural residual vagal paraganglioma had to be left. The internal carotid artery was preserved in all carotid body tumor resections. Lower cranial nerve deficits were sustained in 1 carotid body tumor resection only, but in all cases with multiple tumors. All patients with vagal paragangliomas had or developed a vagal nerve paralysis. In 4 cases minor complications developed postoperatively. No recurrent tumors were seen during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Even in large head and neck paragangliomas surgical treatment provides excellent tumor control with low postoperative morbidity. A wait-and-scan policy may be more appropriate for those patients with multiple tumors, advanced age, or high operative risk and for those whose tumors have recurred following radiotherapy.     

MFH revisited: outcome after surgical treatment of undifferentiated pleomorphic or not otherwise specified (NOS) sarcomas of the extremities—an analysis of 140 patients

Background  Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma/NOS (not otherwise specified; former pleomorphic and storiform MFH) of the extremities is a common malignant soft tissue tumor in adults. The objective of this study is to determine prognostic factors for the outcome after surgical treatment with respect to the recent developments in classification. Methods  From 1996 to 2004, 140 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas/NOS were identified out of 1,200 soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities that were treated at our institution and recorded in a prospective database. Overall survival (OS) and isolated local recurrence (ILR) were determined by Kaplan–Meier analysis. All tumors were retrospectively analyzed regarding prognostic factors of the disease, including patient’s background (primary or recurrent), histological grade (G2/G3), adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, size (T1–2) and depth of the tumor, and surgical margins (R0, R1, R2). Results  In 123 patients, a wide resection was performed (limb-sparing surgery). In nine patients, an amputation was necessary. The overall 5-year survival rate was 72% (median follow up: 52 months). There was a significant difference between the group presenting with primary tumors (5-year survival: 84%, p < 0.05) and recurrent tumors (5-year survival: 62%, p < 0.05). Isolated local recurrence occurred in 36 patients. Conclusions  In terms of OS and ILR, primary or recurrence, negative surgical margins, size and grading had a highly significant influence, whereas the site of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant radiation and tumor depth did not. Prognosis for patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the extremities depends predominantly on adequate wide resection of the primary tumor. Marcus Lehnhardt and Adrien Daigeler contributed equally to the study.     

Surgical Resection Versus Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Small Unifocal Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high worldwide prevalence and mortality. While surgical resection and transplantation offers curative potential, donor availability and patient liver status and comorbidities may disallow either. Interventional radiological techniques such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may offer acceptable overall and disease-free survival rates. Materials and Methods  Sixty-eight cirrhotic patients matched for age, sex, tumor size, and Child–Pugh grade with small (1–5 cm) unifocal HCC were studied retrospectively to find determinants of overall and disease-free survival in those treated with surgical resection and RFA between 1991 and 2003. Results  Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional regression modeling showed that overall survival was related to tumor recurrence (p = 0.010), tumor diameter (p = 0.002), and treatment modality (p = 0.014); overall p = 0.008. Recurrence was independently related to the use of RFA over surgery (p = 0.023) on multivariate analysis; overall p = 0.034. Conclusion  Surgical resection offers longer disease-free survival and potentially longer overall survival than RFA in patients with small unifocal HCC.     

Trigonal and peritrigonal lesions of the lateral ventricle—surgical considerations and outcome analysis of 20 patients

The aim of this study is to review the results and clinical outcome of patients with surgically treated lesions within the trigone of the lateral ventricle. This is a retrospective case series of 20 (eight male, 12 female) patients with lesions of the trigone of the lateral ventricle operated between 1998 and 2008. All lesions were removed via the transcortical temporal and transcortical parietal route. Surgical complications and outcome were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). There were four children and 16 adults with a mean age of 42 ± 22 years (min = 1, max = 74). Eight (40%) lesions grew within the trigone of the dominant hemisphere. In 17 cases, the lesion was purely intraventricular, and in three cases, a slight paraventricular extension was seen. The mean size was 4.5 cm of maximal diameter. Surgical removal was achieved via the transcortical parietal route in 13 cases (65%) and the transcortical temporal route in seven cases (35%). In all cases, complete resection was possible. According to the mRS, 13 patients improved, five remained the same, and two were lost to follow-up. One patient had an increased visual field deficit postoperatively and new hemiparesis and aphasia, but returned to the preoperative level within a few weeks. In one patient, an acute myocardial infarction occurred due to previous cardiac stent placement and in-stent stenosis. Even large trigonal lesions can be resected with low morbidity using a transcortical approach depending on the peritrigonal extension of the tumor.     

Long-term outcome after multivisceral and tumor/vascular resection in patients with soft tissue sarcoma

Background/Aims  Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare tumors. General treatment is difficult while multimodality treatment strategies are more and more common. In these strategies, surgical resection of the primary tumor is essential to achieve local control of the tumor. In certain cases, complex resections (CR) including multivisceral and/or vascular resection are needed to achieve resection with tumor-free margins. In this study, we evaluated retrospectively the overall prognosis, morbidity, and mortality of patients treated for STS at our university hospital. Patients/Methods  Between 1992 and 2000, 24 of 154 patients with STS received multivisceral resection and four of 154 underwent vascular resection. To determine the influence of CR on overall prognosis, we compared n = 19 patients after CR with a matched control group after simple tumor resection (SR). To determine surgical morbidity and mortality the whole study group was used (n = 154, SR n = 126, CR n = 28). Results  The median follow up for all patients was 6.89 years (mean 5.64 years SD 4.3) with no difference between the groups (CR vs SR: 5.4 SD 4.8 vs 5.9 SD 3.9 years; p = 0.711). Patients receiving CR had a similar overall prognosis (mean survival 9.9 years), morbidity (10.7%) and mortality (0%) compared to patients with SR (mean survival 8.5 years; morbidity 10.3%; mortality 3.96%). Conclusions  Multivisceral resection and/or vascular resection with tumor-free margins can be achieved with the same overall prognosis, same morbidity and mortality as SR. This has to be taken into account when evaluating the treatment strategy in patients with STS.     

Prognosis and Results After Resection of Very Large (≥10 cm) Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Introduction Few potentially curative treatment options exist besides resection for patients with very large (≥10 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We sought to examine the outcomes and risk factors for recurrence after resection of ≥10 cm HCC. Methods Perioperative and long-term outcomes were examined for 189 consecutive patients from 1993 to 2004 who underwent potentially curative resection of HCC ≥10 cm (n = 24; 13%) vs. those with HCC <10 cm (n = 165; 87%). Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined by Kaplan–Meier analysis and patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Median follow-up was 34 months. Tumors ≥10 cm were more likely to be symptomatic, of poorer grade, and have vascular invasion (p < 0.05). Twelve patients (50%) underwent an extended resection of more than four hepatic segments or resection of adjacent organs for oncologic clearance (diaphragm-2, inferior vena cava (IVC)-2, median sternotomy-1). Postoperative complications were more common after resection of >10 cm HCC (12/24, 50% vs. 35/165, 21%; p = 0.04). Median DFS was significantly shorter in patients with large HCC (≥10 cm) group compared to patients with smaller HCC (8.4 vs. 38 months; p = 0.001), but overall survival was not different between the two groups (5-year survival 54% vs. 53%; p = 0.43). Seventeen patients (71%) with very large HCC developed recurrences (12 intrahepatic, five systemic); eight of these patients (47%) underwent additional therapy (resection-4, TACE-3, RFA-1). Pathological positive margins and vascular invasion were significant determinants of DFS in tumors ≥10 cm (p < 0.05), but only vascular invasion was an independent risk factor for recurrence after multivariate analysis (HR 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04–0.8). Median OS after recurrence was 24 months. Conclusion Surgical resection is the optimal therapy for very large (≥10 cm) HCC. Although recurrences are common after resection of these tumors, overall survival was not significantly different from patients after resection of smaller HCC in this series. Presented at the 2006 American Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Congress, Miami, FL, March 9–12, 2006.     

Surgical Outcomes of Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in the Era of Targeted Drug Therapy

Background  The discovery of the c-KIT mutation and the advent of targeted drug therapy with imatinib mesylate have revolutionized the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The outcome of patients with surgically treated GISTs treated in the era of targeted drug therapy was assessed and factors associated with adverse outcomes determined. Materials and Methods  Patients with GISTs requiring surgery at a tertiary care center from 2002 to 2007 were reviewed and prognostic factors determined. Results  Forty patients were surgically treated for GISTs. The median age at presentation was 59 years. The stomach (55%) was the main site of primary disease. The median tumor size was 7 cm. Eleven (28%) patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Surgery was undertaken in all patients with curative intent. Multi-organ resection was required in 10 (25%) patients. Imatinib mesylate was administered postoperatively in 68% of cases. Median follow-up was 24 months. There was a 40% recurrence rate with 63% undergoing repeat surgical resection. The peritoneum and liver were the main sites of recurrent disease. The 5-year disease-specific survival and disease-free survival (DFS) were 65% and 35%, respectively. High mitotic rate (P = 0.017) and tumor size greater than 10 cm (P = 0.009) were the only prognostically significant adverse factors of DFS on multivariate analysis, independent of imatinib mesylate treatment. Conclusion  Aggressive surgical treatment and follow-up of GISTs, combined with targeted drug therapy, leads to long-term DFS survival. Tumor recurrence is independently associated with a high tumor mitotic rate and size greater than 10 cm, despite the use of adjuvant targeted drug therapy.     

介入联合颈内动脉转流在Ⅲ型颈动脉体瘤切除术中的应用

目的探讨介入联合颈内动脉转流在Ⅲ型颈动脉体瘤切除术中的应用及效果。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院自2002年1月至2012年7月期间收治的2l例（22侧）Ⅲ型颈动脉体瘤患者的临床资料。21例患者术前经充分评估后,于术前2～3d均用微导管对供瘤血管行超选择栓塞治疗,然后在颈内动脉转流下行颈动脉体瘤切除术。结果21例（22侧）手术均顺利完成,术后经病理学检查证实均为颈动脉体瘤。其中行颈动脉瘤切除术16例（17侧）,瘤体切除＋颈内动脉重建5例（其中自体大隐静脉3例,人工血管2例）。术后当天则出现神经并发症5例（舌歪3例,面部麻木2例）,术后3个月内均恢复正常;无脑梗塞、偏瘫和死亡病例。21例均获随访,随访时间2个月～9年,平均57个月,无复发病例。结论颈动脉体瘤首选的治疗方式是外科切除,介入联合颈内动脉转流下切除Ⅲ型颈动脉体瘤瘤体是安全有效的。     

颈动脉体瘤的外科治疗：附24例报告

目的:总结颈动脉体瘤(CBT)的诊治经验及其手术并发症的防治。方法:回顾性分析1999年1月—2012年9月收治的24例颈动脉体瘤患者共30侧资料。其中双侧肿瘤6例,单侧18例。结果:24例均手术治疗,其中Shamblin I型17侧行单纯瘤体剥除;Shamblin II型7侧行瘤体剥除及颈外动脉切除;6侧Shamblin III型侧行瘤体剥离、颈内动脉部分切除伴颈内动脉重建术。24例患者肿瘤均完整切除,无手术死亡病例,术后出现短暂性脑神经损伤5侧(16.7%),永久性脑神经损伤1例(3.33%)。随访1~15年,未出现延迟性并发症及肿瘤复发。结论:手术是CBT的最有效方式,根据肿瘤大小及与动脉关系决定手术方式,预后良好。