流行性乙型脑炎患者脑脊液细胞学及生化特点

目的分析流行性乙型脑炎(以下简称"乙脑")患者脑脊液(CSF)细胞学及生化特点。方法回顾性收集2018-07-2018-9期间宁夏医科大学总医院收治的乙脑患者58例,其中男31例、女27例,平均年龄(58.2±13.8)岁,分析患者CSF细胞学及生化检查的临床资料。结果所有患者CSF细胞学检查可见炎性反应,炎性反应程度以中度为主(50.0%),其次为重度(36.2%)和轻度(13.8%)。细胞学反应类型主要以淋巴细胞反应为主(53.4%),其次以中性粒细胞反应为主(27.6%)、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞混合反应为主(15.5%)、淋巴细胞和单核细胞反应为主(3.4%)。9例(15.5%)患者CSF可见激活的淋巴细胞,11例(19.0%)可见激活的单核细胞,22例(37.9%)可见浆细胞。53例(91.4%)患者CSF蛋白升高,45例(77.6%)CSF葡萄糖水平正常,35例(60.3%)CSF氯化物水平正常。乙脑患者初期CSF细胞学反应类型以淋巴细胞反应为主(38.7%)和以中性粒细胞反应为主(38.7%),极期和恢复期主要以淋巴细胞反应为主(74.3%、95.2%)。结论 CSF细胞学检查可为乙脑患者的诊断提供实验室参考依据。     

AQP4-IgG阳性视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病的脑脊液细胞学特点

目的探讨水通道蛋白4抗体(AQP4-IgG)阳性的视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,NMOSD)的脑脊液细胞学特点。方法回顾性收集AQP4-IgG阳性的NMOSD患者的脑脊液细胞学、脑脊液常规、生化及寡克隆区带结果,并分析其特点。结果共收集237例AQP4-IgG阳性的NMOSD患者的脑脊液细胞学资料。女∶男=7.8∶1。120例(50.6%)患者脑脊液细胞学可见炎性反应,炎性反应程度为轻、中、重度者分别为63、43、14例。95例为淋巴细胞性炎性反应,20例为淋巴细胞与中性粒细胞性炎性反应,4例为淋巴细胞与嗜酸性粒细胞性炎性反应,1例为淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞与嗜酸性粒细胞性炎性反应。71例(30.0%)患者可见激活淋巴细胞,11例(4.6%)可见激活单核细胞,15例(6.3%)可见浆细胞。176例患者行寡克隆区带检测,其中脑脊液特异性寡克隆区带阳性47例(26.7%)。结论达1/2的AQP4-IgG阳性NMOSD患者脑脊液细胞学可见炎性反应,以淋巴细胞性炎性反应为主,也可见中性粒细胞与嗜酸性粒细胞参与;部分患者脑脊液细胞学可见激活淋巴细胞、激活单核细胞和浆细胞;AQP4-IgG阳性NMOSD患者脑脊液特异性寡克隆区带阳性率较多发性硬化低。上述脑脊液特点有助于NMOSD的诊断和鉴别。     

渗透性脱髓鞘综合征的临床分析和影像学特点（附1例报道）

目的探讨渗透性脱髓鞘综合征的临床及神经影像学特点。方法分析1例渗透性脱髓鞘综合征患者的临床特点,包括起病前诱因、临床表现、头颅MRI特点、治疗及预后情况。结果患者有长期大量饮酒史,以意识改变、四肢瘫痪、肌张力障碍等为临床表现,血钠及CSF正常。头颅MRI表现为右侧额叶、颞叶、皮质、双侧枕叶、双侧基底节、丘脑、脑干及小脑多发病灶,T1WI加权低信号、T2WI加权高信号,头颅MRI增强扫描可见明显强化。预后差,呈持续浅昏迷状态。结论渗透性脱髓鞘综合征与长期大量饮酒有关,可以没有低钠血症,临床具有双相病程。头颅MRI显示病变可累及皮质,增强扫描可见明显强化。     

神经精神狼疮脑脊液细胞学特点

研究背景神经精神狼疮是系统性红斑狼疮累及中枢神经系统的严重并发症,缺乏特异性诊断方法。脑脊液细胞学检查对诊断中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病具有重要价值,但目前尚缺乏这方面的研究报道,我们尝试对本组病例进行分析总结,以为临床提供一些参考。方法对76例临床诊断明确且符合入组条件的神经精神狼疮患者进行脑脊液细胞学检查。结果 25例患者脑脊液细胞学检查异常,16例以淋巴细胞反应为主,其中8例同时伴有中性粒细胞比例轻度升高、9例为淋巴细胞中性粒细胞混合性炎症反应。24例淋巴细胞激活并伴单核细胞激活,其中17例可见单核细胞异常吞噬现象,表现为单核细胞吞噬淋巴细胞、浆细胞和(或)红细胞等;17例脑脊液中发现浆细胞。结论神经精神狼疮的诊断基于临床、神经影像学和脑脊液检查等方法。其脑脊液细胞学呈现炎症反应和异常吞噬细胞,具有一定特点和诊断意义。     

主要累及全脊髓和脑干的CLIPPERS一例

目的探讨类固醇激素反应性慢性淋巴细胞性炎性反应伴脑桥血管周围强化症(CLIPPERS)的临床表现、影像学及病理改变,探讨其可能的发病机制。方法对1例主要累及全脊髓及脑干的CLIPPERS患者临床资料及影像学进行分析,并结合文献复习此病的特征表现及鉴别诊断。结果本例男性29岁,进行性双下肢无力、共济失调2年、及伴腹部麻木1年余。头颅磁共振(MRI)增强扫描示脑干、全脊髓多发小斑片状异常强化信号,边界较清楚,呈"胡椒粉征"。病变分布较均匀,延髓及脊髓分布更密集。另外双侧丘脑、基底核、小脑半球见散在类似异常强化灶。软脑膜及软脊膜也可见多处轻度线样强化。经糖皮质激素治疗2个月后,患者临床症状明显减轻。复查MRI示上述异常强化灶大部分消失,残存病灶缩小且强化程度减轻,边界变模糊。影像学提示病变明显好转。结论在有些CLIPPERS患者,MRI的强化灶主要累及脑干、脊髓全长及软脑(脊)膜,不一定以脑桥为中心。CLIPPERS糖皮质激素治疗效果好。CLIPPERS的诊断应结合临床、影像学及实验室检查,必要时行脑组织活检。     

脑膜癌病的临床特点

目的 探讨脑膜癌病的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析25例脑膜癌病患者的临床资料.结果 本组中既往有恶性肿瘤病史7例;临床表现为头痛24例,恶心呕吐21例,意识障碍及四肢无力各6例,癫痫发作、精神症状及视力减退各5例等;脑膜刺激征阳性20例,视乳头水肿12例.CSF压力升高13例,蛋白升高16例,糖、氯化物降低14例;23例CSF细胞学检查发现异型细胞,17例CSF细胞免疫组化染色为阳性.头颅MRI平扫均未发现脑膜异常信号,5例头颅MRI增强扫描2例出现脑膜强化.结论 脑膜癌病临床表现以颅内压升高症候群为主,CSF细胞学及细胞免疫组化染色可确诊并发现癌细胞的来源.     

结核性脑膜炎30例脑脊液细胞学动态分析

目的 了解结核性脑膜炎病人抗结核治疗前后脑脊液(CSF)细胞学变化特点及应用价值.方法 30例病人经临床和辅助检查确诊,采用CSF细胞玻片离心沉淀法收集细胞,经MGG染色体后在显微镜油镜下逐个细胞检查.结果 全部病例CSF细胞学均有异常,治疗前后CSF细胞学有明显不同的特点.抗结核治疗前CSF细胞学以嗜中性粒细胞比例较高,可达50%～70%,但核左移现象不明显;经正规治疗后嗜中性粒细胞下降,淋巴细胞、激活淋巴细胞、激活单核细胞的比例增加,经过一段时间治疗,嗜中性粒细胞明显下降至消失,主要为淋巴细胞及单核细胞.结论 CSF细胞学可早期诊断结核性脑膜炎,并可判断疗效,指导临床用药.     

基底动脉尖综合征临床与影像学分析

目的：探讨基底动脉尖综合征的临床特点与影像学特征。方法14例患者均经CT和MRI检查。结果：意识障碍11例,瞳孔异常13例,眼球运动障碍12例,视幻觉2例,Balint综合征3例,偏育4例,肢体轻瘫6例,共济失调3例,CT可见枕叶、丘脑、颞叶、小脑梗死,MRI可显示脑干、枕叶、丘脑、颞叶、小脑等多处梗塞灶。结论：该病以意识障碍、瞳孔异常及眼球运动障碍、视觉异常等为主要表。CT可发现幕上病灶,而MRI更敏感,能发现幕上、幕下病灶。MRI优于CT。     

神经白塞病的影像学特点和动态变化

目的总结神经白塞病在不同序列MRI检查上病灶的好发部位和特点。方法回顾性分析7例神经白塞病患者的MRI检查资料。MRI检查序列包括:T1WI、T2WI、核磁共振弥散加权成像、表观弥散系数和核磁共振波谱。结果 7例神经白塞病患者均表现为脑实质损害。最常见的神经系统症状包括癫痫发作、头痛、躯体感觉和运动障碍、延髓麻痹、精神障碍、认知障碍和锥体束征。MRI检查常见受累部位包括脑干、内囊、皮质下白质和基底节。病灶在MRI上表现为T1WI为等信号或低信号,T2WI为高信号,其中3例可见异常强化。2例神经白塞病患者表现为核磁共振弥散加权成像稍高信号,表观弥散系数信号轻度升高,核磁共振波谱未见明显异常代谢区。3例患者在首次MRI检查后15d～5个月进行随访发现原发病灶均减少或消失,但可出现新发病灶。结论神经白塞病是白塞病最严重的并发症之一,MRI检查是诊断神经白塞病非常敏感的方法,神经白塞病以脑实质损害为主,不同序列的MRI检查具有特征性改变。     

结核性脑膜炎合并脑结核瘤的临床特点

目的探讨结核性脑膜炎合并脑结核瘤的临床特点。方法回顾性分析7例结核性脑膜炎合并脑结核瘤患者的临床资料。结果 7例患者均有头痛、发热、脑膜刺激征,意识障碍6例,局灶性神经功能损害6例。7例患者CSF检查示颅内压增高4例,降低1例;葡萄糖降低5例;氯降低5例;蛋白增高6例。CSF细胞数增高7例,中性粒细胞比例增高6例。MRI检查显示病灶多分布于环池、鞍上池,丘脑、基底节、额颞叶。经鞘内注射治疗后,5例患者治愈,1例患者好转,1例患者死亡。结论脑结核瘤发生于结核性脑膜炎病程的各个阶段,可以表现为意识障碍及局灶性体征,需及时行MRI检查。规范的全身抗结核治疗联合鞘内注射异烟肼及地塞米松可获得良好预后。     

脑脊液细胞学在脑生殖细胞瘤诊断中的应用及八例报告

目的 通过总结8例脑生殖细胞瘤患者的脑脊液细胞学结果,探讨脑脊液细胞学在脑生殖细胞瘤诊断中的价值.方法 总结2006年1月至2009年6月我院脑脊液细胞学发现肿瘤细胞的8例脑生殖细胞瘤患者,分析其临床特点、影像学和脑脊液细胞学结果.结果 8例患者中男性7例,女性1例.年龄13～25岁,分别以多饮、多尿和少汗等内分泌症状或神经科症状起病.神经科症状包括:头晕、头痛、智能减退、精神行为异常、复视、双下肢无力、尿便障碍等.神经影像学可见鞍上区和(或)松果体区占位、脑室扩张、室管膜和软脑膜强化、神经根增粗强化等.脑脊液绒毛膜促性腺激素3.2～1087.0 mIU/ml.脑脊液细胞学8例均见肿瘤细胞,呈中等大小的圆形,核大,核仁明显,胞质丰富,胞质内可见较多空泡.背景间有小淋巴细胞为主的炎性反应.过碘酸Schiff染色肿瘤细胞胞质中见阳性颗粒.4例行免疫细胞化学染色,其中2例抗胎盘碱性磷酸酶阳性;2例行Ki-67染色,阳性细胞分别占12%和20%.细胞角蛋白和癌胚抗原染色等阴性.结论 脑生殖细胞瘤患者的脑脊液细胞学结果特征明显,结合细胞免疫化学可以明确其类型及脑脊液播散,在诊断脑生殖细胞瘤过程中起着重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) cytology in diagnosis of intracranial germinomas by reviewing the outcomes of CSF cytology of 8 patients with intracranial germinomas. Methods Eight patients with positive CSF cytology at our clinic from January 2006 to June 2009 were reviewed. Conventional cytology and immunocytochemistry of CSF were performed. The relevant literature on the subject was reviewed. Results The patients, including 7 male and 1 female, developed endocrinological or neurological symptoms at the age of 13 to 25, and the typical neurological presentation included vertigo, headache, mental and behavior disorders, double vision and weakness of legs. The CSF cell count ranged from 0 to 300 leukocytes per cubic and elevated in 7 cases, typically lymphocytic inflammation. CSF level of human chorionic gonadotropin was 3.2-1087.0 mIU/ml, higher than the individual serum level. On CSF cytology studies, typical tumor cells of germinima were found, which had positive particles in cytoplasm on periodic acid Schiff stain. All presents had lymphocyte inflammation ( small lymphocyte predominant ). On immunocytochemical studies of CSF, the tumor cells were positive on placental alkaline phosphatase and Ki-67 stains. Conclusions CSF cytology is clinically useful for diagnosis of primary intracranial germinoma. Further clinical and cytological studies will be necessary for a better understanding of the biology of these tumors.     

脑多发性结核瘤11例的临床、脑脊液细胞学与病理特点

目的 探讨脑多发性结核瘤的临床、脑脊液细胞学和病理特点。方法 回顾性分析2000年11月至2005年5月我院诊治的脑多发性结核瘤11例。结果 患者临床上以发热和头痛起病，脑膜刺激征4例，意识障碍5例，偏瘫3例，抽搐2例。脑脊液压力升高8例，脑脊液蛋白升高10例，糖减低7例。脑脊液常规白细胞计数正常7例，升高4例；脑脊液细胞学见4例呈混合性细胞反应，2例呈淋巴-单核细胞反应，3例未见异常。11例头MRI均显示脑内多发结节或占位性病变，11例强化明显。5例开颅脑活检证实为结核性肉芽肿，抗酸染色阳性3例。结论 脑内多发性结核瘤是一种特殊类型的颅内结核感染，综合其临床表现、影像学和脑脊液细胞学等特点有助于临床诊断。     

Gd-DTPA enhancement of cranial nerves on MR imaging. Neoplastic lesions

This study describes a radiological finding - enhancement of cranial nerves and correlates patients' clinical findings and outcome. Seven patients with enhancement of cranial nerves on postcontrast MR were retrospectively reviewed. Cranial nerves having contrast enhancement were optic, oculomotor, trigeminal, facial, acoustic, glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves. The patients' underlying diseases were malignant lymphoma (3), leukemia (1 patient) and metastatic tumor (2 lung, 1 rectum cancer). Most of the cases (4 out of 7) developed parenchymatous lesion later. Seven patients had CSF cytology study, positive in 3 cases, negative in 4 cases at first spinal tap. In 1 case (case 5) of negative cytology, elevated CEA (carcinogen antibody) was noted. In 2 cases, initial symptoms were sudden hearing loss. Autopsy was done for 1 case of metastatic tumor involving cranial nerves. Contrast MR is a useful examination for depicting cranial nerve involvement with neoplastic change.     

Intraoperative rapid diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphomas: Advantages and pitfalls

To study the advantages and pitfalls of intraoperative rapid diagnosis (IRD) of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL), pathology reports and frozen sections in our institution were reviewed. We examined 27 cases of PCNSL, one case of anaplastic glioma, and one case of metastatic brain tumor that were diagnosed on neuroimaging. Fifteen cases of intraoperative cytological preparations were also reviewed in a correlative manner. Among the 27 cases initially diagnosed as PCNSL, 18 were also diagnosed as PCNSL by IRD. However, IRD identified four of the 27 cases as gliosis, two as demyelination, one as atypical epithelial cells, one as malignant glioma and anaplastic astrocytoma. In addition, the case identified as metastatic brain tumor on neuroimaging was corrected to a diagnosis of PCNSL based on IRD. The final accuracy of IRD in the present study was 89.6% (26/29). After postoperative definitive diagnosis, two cases of anaplastic astrocytoma and one case of PCNSL by IRD were corrected to PCNSL, anaplastic oligodendroglioma and demyelination, respectively. PCNSL were sometimes histologically indistinguishable from malignant gliomas or demyelinating diseases in the present study, particularly in frozen sections. Notably, all cases for which both intraoperative cytology and frozen section were performed concomitantly were correctly diagnosed in the present study. In particular, lymphoglandular bodies were highly characteristic cytological findings of PCNSL. Both intraoperative cytology and frozen sections should therefore be performed concomitantly when PCNSL are suspected.     

Neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid cytology in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis

The diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis is often difficult and usually requires the demonstration of malignant cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. Neuroimaging, however, may establish or support the diagnosis in some patients. Radiographic abnormalities consistent with or suggestive of leptomeningeal metastasis include leptomeningeal, subependymal, dural, or cranial nerve enhancement; superficial cerebral lesions; and communicating hydrocephalus. We evaluated 137 cancer patients with clinical symptoms suspicious for leptomeningeal metastasis with neuroimaging or cerebrospinal fluid cytology or both. Neuroimaging findings were abnormal in 70 of 128 tested patients; cytology was performed in 58 of these 70 and the results were positive in 37. Conversely, cytological findings were positive in 53 of 115 tested patients; neuroimaging was performed in 49 of these 53 and the findings were abnormal in 37 (26/29 solid tumors and 11/20 hematological tumors). Of the total series of 137 patients, leptomeningeal metastasis was diagnosed in 77; in 24 (31%) the diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical picture and abnormal neuroimaging alone. Neuroimaging is a valuable tool in the investigation of leptomeningeal metastasis in the cancer population, and the presence of typical clinical features together with appropriate neuroimaging abnormalities is adequate to make the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis even if cerebrospinal fluid cytological results are negative.     

脑膜淋巴瘤的临床脑脊液细胞学研究

目的探讨脑脊液细胞学、免疫细胞化学和流式细胞分析在脑膜淋巴瘤诊断中的灵敏性和特异性。方法13例诊断为脑膜淋巴瘤的患者，其中原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤5例，均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤B细胞型（NHL-B）；继发性8例，包括NHL-B6例，非霍奇金淋巴瘤T细胞型（NHL-T）1例，mantle型1例。神经系统表现为头痛、视乳头水肿、脑脊膜刺激征、脊髓腰骶神经根受累和多脑神经麻痹等。腰穿脑脊液压力升高，细胞计数、蛋白均升高，糖减低。所有患者均采用沉淀池法，免疫细胞化学单克隆抗体CD19、CD20、CD79a、CD34和免疫球蛋白轻链等；其中3例脑脊液进行淋巴细胞亚群流式细胞分析。以4例病毒性脑炎和5例炎性脱髓鞘病患者的脑脊液为对照。结果脑脊液细胞学发现每例患者均有淋巴瘤细胞或异型淋巴细胞。免疫细胞化学发现5例患者多数细胞B细胞标记物阳性；例6多数细胞CD34阳性；例8CD20阳性细胞比例升高；例7CD19、CD20阴性。除例8外，其余脑脊液中细胞呈CD4和CD8阴性或极少数阳性。对照组CD4阳性细胞为主，伴有少量CD8阳性细胞，CD19和CD20阴性或极少数阳性。脑脊液流式细胞分析发现例9和例11的B淋巴细胞占85．9％～97．4％，提示异常的B细胞克隆。对照组以CD4、CD8阳性细胞为主，CD19阳性细胞低于4．0％。结论脑脊液细胞学和免疫细胞化学是诊断脑膜淋巴瘤的重要方法，脑脊液淋巴细胞亚群的流式分析能够对诊断脑膜淋巴瘤有所帮助。     

改良抗酸染色阳性的170例结核性脑膜炎脑脊液分析

目的探讨改良抗酸染色阳性结核性脑膜炎患者的脑脊液特点。方法纳入170例临床诊断为结核性脑膜炎且改良抗酸染色呈阳性患者,收集其一般临床资料,并对抗酸染色阳性出现时间、脑脊液细胞学分型及抗结核药物对抗酸染色的影响进行统计分析。结果 128例结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液首次抗酸染色阳性出现在发病1个月内(75.3%),其细胞学分型包括混杂细胞反应、淋巴细胞反应、嗜中性粒细胞反应、正常细胞学,分别占15.5%、58.5%、19.5%、6.5%;24例结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液首次抗酸染色阳性出现在发病1~2个月的病例,以上细胞学类型分别占13.1%、56.5%、21.7%及8.7%;18例结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液首次抗酸染色阳性出现在发病2个月以上的病例,四种细胞学分别占26.7%、46.7%、20.0%、6.6%。各种细胞学类型出现时间中位数,四组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.812)。应用抗结核药物的患者其抗酸染色阳性中位时间(据发病时间)21.5(12.3,37.8)d;未应用抗结核药物者抗酸染色阳性中位时间8.5(6.0,16.3)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。应用抗结核药物的患者抗酸染色转阴中位数时间11(5.75,19.25)d;未应用抗结核药物者抗酸染色转阴中位数时间6(4.25,10.75)d,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.230)。结论结核性脑膜炎脑脊液改良抗酸染色首次阳性多发生于发病1个月内,其阳性时的细胞学类型与抗酸阳性时间无关,应用抗结核药物可能会推迟抗酸杆菌检出时间。     

Behçet's disease: diagnostic and prognostic aspects of neurological involvement

This study was conducted to describe clinical and prognostic aspects of neurological involvement in Behçet's disease (BD). Patients referred for neurological evaluation fulfilled the criteria of the International Study Group for Behçet's Disease. We analyzed disability and survival by the Kaplan-Meier method, using Kurtzke's Extended Disability Status Scale (modified for BD) and the prognostic effect of demographic and clinical factors by Cox regression analysis. We studied 164 patients; of the 107 diagnostic neuroimaging studies: 72.1% showed parenchymal involvement, 11.7% venous sinus thrombosis (VST) and the others were normal. CSF studies were performed in 47 patients; all with inflammatory CSF findings (n=18) had parenchymal involvement. An isolated increase in pressure was compatible with either VST or normal imaging. The final diagnoses were VST (12.2%), neuro-Behçet's syndrome (NBS) (75.6%), isolated optic neuritis (0.6%), psycho-Behçet's syndrome (0.6%), and indefinite (11%). VST and NBS were never diagnosed together. Ten years from onset of BD 45.1% (all NBS) reached a disability level of EDSS 6 or higher, and 95.7±2.1% of the patients were still alive. Having accompanying cerebellar symptoms at onset or a progressive course is unfavorable. Onset with headache or a diagnosis of VST is favorable. Two major neurological diagnoses in BD are NBS and VST. These are distinct in clinical, radiological, and prognostic aspects, hence suggesting a difference in pathogenesis.     

The germinomas arising from the basal ganglia and thalamus

Objective To introduce the features of germinomas arising from the basal ganglia (BG) and thalamus. Method Retrospective analysis was done with the clinical cases of germinomas in BG and thalamus from 1996 to 2000. The data included the symptoms, signs, neuroimaging findings, treatment, and outcomes. Result Fourteen cases were included, only one female was included. The main symptoms are disorder of numbness and weakness in limbs. Neuroimaging showed no or mild peritumor high signal in T2 weighted imaging of magnetic resonance, accompanied with cyst, calcification or bleeding. Total gross resection was obtained in nine cases, subtotal resection in four. Follow-up data were available in 11 cases with average of 56 months. Eight cases underwent only postoperative radiotherapy, one underwent only chemotherapy, and two underwent both. One case died of complication 6 months after chemotherapy, the rest lived good life. Conclusion Germinoma in BG and thalamus predominate in a boy. The neuroimaging features are very informative for diagnosis. Surgical resection should not be the first choice although it is has lesser complications. The long-term outcome is favorable.     

神经梅毒临床特征分析

目的 分析神经梅毒的临床、神经影像学和实验室检查特征。方法回顾性分析符合神经梅毒诊断标准的3例患者的临床、神经影像和实验室资料。结果3例患者均为男性，梅毒性血管炎、麻痹性痴呆、梅毒性脑膜炎伴视神经炎各1例；血清和脑脊液快速血浆反应素(rapid pliasma reagin，PRP)试验及梅毒螺旋体血凝试验(treponema palliMum hemagglutination assay，TPHA)均阳性；MRI显示左延髓、左小脑半球、基底节多发长T1长T2斑点状异常信号。TCD、颈动脉超声和DSA提示多发血管炎。结论神经梅毒根据不同类型有不同发病形式,首诊易误诊，神经影像学可提示颅内多发血管病变，血清和脑脊液梅毒抗体阳性即可确诊，青霉素为首选药物。