荧光原位杂交应用于介入放射人员受照剂量的研究

目的 了解介入放射人员细胞遗传学的改变及放射剂量重建。方法 应用荧光原位杂交技术测定介入的工作人员,不接触射线的医务工作者的对照组的染色体畸变进行分析。对介入人员进行剂量比较。结果 从事介入治疗的射线组染色体易位率、总畸变率显著高于对照组,二者差异显著;染色体易位率随介入工龄增加而增加。结论 应用FISH方法检测染色体易位畸变来对长期小剂量受照人员进行剂量重建是可行的。     

石油化工放射工作人员细胞遗传学分析研究

目的 分析研究长期接触射线的石油化工放射工作人员细胞遗传学改变,评价X,γ、中子射线对人体细胞遗传学影响。方法 染色体培养采用微量全血培养法;微核测定采用常规培养法。结果 射线组人员染色体畸变率为0.28%,微核细胞率为3.23 ‰,明显高于对照组(0.145%,0.165‰),两组间比较差异有非常显著性(P <0.01)。结论 不同射线工龄组、不同放射应用专业人员的染色体畸变率、淋巴细胞微核率均明显高于对照组,差异有非常显著性。     

克拉玛依市放射工作者细胞遗传学分析

目的 分析研究长期接触射线的石油测井放射工作人员和医用电离辐射放射工作者细胞遗传学改变,评价X、γ、中子射线对人体细胞遗传学影响,了解长期小剂量健康的影响,为保障工作者的健康和改进防护措施提供依据。方法 染色体培养采用微量全血培养法,微核测定采用常规培养法。结果 放射组人员染色体畸变率为0.45%,微核细胞率为1.38‰,明显高于对照组(0.15%,0.67‰),两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。不同工龄组、不同放射工种人员的染色体畸变率淋巴细胞微核率均明显高于对照组,而且随着工龄的增加,染色体畸变和微核率呈上升趋势。结论 应加强对放射工作人员的辐射防护工作。细胞遗传学变化特点与电离辐射的种类、强度及放射人员工龄、个人累积剂量等有关。     

太原市放射工作人员细胞遗传学分析

目的 了解电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学的影响。方法 染色体畸变、微核测定采用常规的静脉微量全血培养法。结果 放射组人员染色体畸变率、微核率、微核细胞率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),染色体畸变率、微核率、微核细胞率在不同性别、工种、工龄间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 长期小剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员有一定的损伤作用,放射防护工作仍是今后工作的重点。     

南京市放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核率分析

目的 分析南京从事X射线、工业探伤作业人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率、微核率水平;不同性别、不同工龄段染色体畸变率、微核率的分布及其之间的差异。方法 采用微量全血培养法分析X射线、工业探伤作业人员染色体畸变率、微核率。结果 X射线人员染色体畸变率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),工业探伤人员与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。染色体畸变率与微核率随放射工龄增加呈现先升高后降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义。不同性别X射线工作人员染色体畸变率、微核率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。工业探伤人员9例女性中染色体未显示畸变,微核率均小于1‰。结论 本研究结果提示长期接触小剂量电离辐射造成放射人员细胞遗传方面变化特点与电离辐射种类、强度、剂量和放射工作人员工龄等有关。     

504名放射工作者染色体畸变分析

目的 探讨外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析对放射工作者在健康监护中的应用意义。方法 采用微量全血培养法,按WHO建议的标准对放射组504名放射工作者(各射线组为:工业组311名、医学组170名、海关等组23名)和130名对照组进行染色体畸变分析,畸变率 ≥ 2%为"预警值"。结果 ①各射线组(依上述排列)染色体型畸变率分别为0.40%、0.44%和0.48%,比对照组(0.14%)增加了1.86~2.24倍、平均为1.93倍,放射组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);②染色体型畸变率 ≥ 2%的人数各射线组分别为8.68%、10.59%和17.39%,平均为9.72%,对照组为1.54%,放射组和各射线组比较对照组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。③工业组中某发电厂染色和某卷烟厂体型畸变率显著增加(1.00%、0.82%),较其他工厂的0.19%差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),畸变率 ≥ 2%的人数分别为27.77%、18.99%和1.40%。结论 在当前的放射防护状况下仍然有明显的染色体损伤,提示健康监护工作应进一步加强,对工作场所的监控和对细胞遗传学损伤的检测很有必要。     

扬州市放射工作人员细胞遗传学指标分析

目的 探讨长期小剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学的影响,以加强放射工作人员的健康监护。方法 对扬州市648例放射工作人员(放射组)和368例未明显接触放射源的正常对照组的外周血淋巴细胞进行培养,检测染色体畸变率和细胞微核率。结果 放射人员与对照人群相比,其人体外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核率较高,差异有显著性(P <0.01),不同工龄及工种间染色体和微核的阳性检出率之间差异均无显著性(P >0.05)。结论 小剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员的细胞遗传效应有不同程度的影响,应进一步加强防护和健康监护。     

337例医学工作放射人员染色体畸变分析

目的 了解放射工作人员染色体畸变情况和外周血淋巴细胞微核率。方法 采用微量全血培养法进行体外培养,染色方法采用Gicmsa染色。结果 ①放射组与对照组染色体畸变细胞率差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);②放射组不同工龄之间染色体畸变经统计学检验无统计学意义(P > 0.05);③分析近5年累积计量发现,不同累积剂量人员染色体畸变率差异有统计学意义;④放射组与对照组外周血淋巴细胞微核测定结果存在显著性差异。结论 微剂量辐射可引起染色体畸变,必须做好X射线人员放射卫生防护工作。     

电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学的影响

目的 探讨长期小剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学的影响,评价职业性受照射人群集体生物剂量和细胞遗传学效应的相关性。方法 用培养、MC法分别测定放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变,微核率。结果 放射工作人员染色体畸变阳性率为15.2%,微核阳性率为9.3%,差异有显著性。其中医用X射线诊断工作者染色体畸变与微核阳性率分别为14.9%、11.0%;小型密封源操作者染色体畸变、微核阳性率分别为17.1%、5.2%;工业X射线探伤者染色体畸变、微核阳性率分别为0、21.4%;工业X射线探伤者比小型密封源操作者微核阳性率显著增高;染色体畸变、微核阳性率均随工龄的增加显著增长;放射工作人员男性染色体畸变阳性率显著高于女性。结论 小剂量电离辐射对细胞遗传学的影响与射线种类、能量、工种、工龄、性别及累积剂量是密切相关的,淋巴细胞染色体畸变、微核阳性率越高职业性受照射人群集体生物剂量累积越多,慢性放射性损伤细胞遗传学效应就越明显。     

周口市放射工作人员染色体畸变率及微核率分析

目的 研究长期小剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员健康影响,为放射人员的卫生防护工作提供依据。方法 对全市医用X射线诊断放射工作人员进行了外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率与微核率的检查。结果 染色体畸变率和微核率放射人员与对照组两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 说明长期低剂量照射对人体有一定影响,应进一步提高放射工作人员的防护意识,改善放射防护工作条件,减少电离辐射接触剂量,使放射工作人员的受照剂量及放射损伤减少到最低限度。     

小功率脉冲微波接触者外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变及微核率观察

对某研究所接触脉冲微波作业的高功率组42人、低功率组(元件组)60人和无微波接触的对照组51人的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变及微核进行观察。结果显示,两接触组外周血淋巴细胞微核率异常率、高功率组微核率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);高功率组染色体畸变率异常者检出率、畸变细胞率、染色体型畸变率均显著高于对照组及元件组(P<0.01);而染色单体型畸变率两接触组与对照组差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在偏相关分析控制年龄因素后,两接触组微核率、染色体型畸变率与工龄无相关性(P=0.451,P=0.270)。说明小功率脉冲微波辐射对人体外周血淋巴细胞染色体及微核形成具有一定不良影响。     

放射工作人员254例的细胞遗传学调查

目的了解某单位放射工作人员的健康情况,对长期接触低剂量电离辐射的放射工作人员的辐射防护情况进行监测,分析有害作业人员的细胞遗传学变化特点。方法采用实验室细胞遗传学的方法对254例放射工作人员进行调查。结果调查组的染色体畸变率为0.232%,高于正常值(0.1%～0.2%)。微核率1.177‰,在正常范围(0～3‰)以内。染色体型畸变率与对照组差异有统计学意义。染色体型畸变以断片为主(ace,59.3%)。结论应加强对放射工作人员的辐射防护工作,细胞遗传学变化特点与放射工作人员的年龄、有害作业工龄、个人累积剂量有关。     

Cytogenetic changes in persons exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls]

A cytogenetic study performed in a group of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls comprised analysis of structural chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocytes in the first division in vitro, analysis of micronuclei frequency in binuclear lymphoblasts induced by cytochalasin B and analysis of sister chromatid exchanges. The study included 48 exposed workers and 15 controls. In 16 exposed workers increased incidence of unstable chromosomal aberrations (dicentrics, rings and acentrics) was found, while in 19 no structural chromosomal aberrations could be detected. In 11 workers changes defined as chromosomal and chromatid breaks were noted. This type of change, however, can be evidenced in a non-exposed population as well. In two workers stable chromosomal aberrations were recorded (translocations and inversions). The incidence of micronuclei as well as exchange of sister chromatids were elevated in the exposed group of workers compared to controls.     

Analysis of chromosomal aberrations in shoe workers exposed long term to benzene.

Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was used to compare 58 shoe workers (57 men and one woman) exposed to benzene and 20 subjects selected from the general population not exposed to particular mutagenic or carcinogenic agents (control group). Frequencies of damaged cells, including gaps, breaks, and rearrangements (acentric fragment, deletion, translocation) were scored for both groups. The incidence of chromosomal aberrations (particularly chromatid gaps and breaks) in the exposed group was significantly higher than in the control group. There were no effects of smoking and only breaks were affected by alcohol. Nor was there a significant relation between the working period in the group exposed to benzene and frequency of chromosomal aberrations.     

Radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations and haematological alterations in hospital workers

Long-term exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation may affect cells and tissues and result in various adverse health effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether chromosome aberrations and haematological alterations could be used as biomarkers of possible radiation injury in workers exposed to ionizing radiation. Groups totalling 323 medical professionals handling X-ray equipment and 160 control subjects were examined for incidence of chromosome aberrations and changes in leukocyte, lymphocyte and thrombocyte counts. The incidence of all types of chromosome aberrations was higher in the exposed groups than in controls, yet no significant difference was found between the exposed groups. A many-fold increase in chromosome aberration frequency in all exposed groups was not followed by a corresponding haematological depression. This suggests that chromosome aberrations are a significantly more sensitive indicator of changes caused by low doses of ionizing radiation than haematological alterations.     

Chromosome aberrations in hospital workers: Evidence from surveillance studies in Italy (1963–1993)

Hospital workers are occupationally exposed to various agents known or suspected to induce chromosome damage, the most studied being ionizing radiation. To determine the extent of chromosome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes in this population, taking into account temporal changes and job titles, a re-analysis of cytogenetic studies performed in four Italian laboratories in the period 1965–1993 was carried out. A total of 871 hospital workers and 617 controls, mainly coming from ad hoc studies or surveillance programs in occupational groups potentially exposed to ionizing radiation, were examined. The exposed to controls frequency ratio of chromosome aberrations was evaluated as the measure of effect within each dataset by job title, using multivariate Poisson regression analysis, which allowed an efficient control of confounding. Increased frequency of chromosome-type aberrations among exposed subjects was found in all datasets, especially in those dealing with older data. Significantly higher frequencies are reported for various job titles, particularly for orthopedists, radiologists, anesthesists, and nurses among paramedical occupations. Decrease in exposure to ionizing radiation in hospital workers was documented through a targeted study in the critical group of radiologists. A similar time-related reduction in the frequency of chromosome-type aberrations also has been reported by the surveillance studies carried out over the most recent decades. These data substantiate the use of chromosome-type aberrations as biomarkers of exposure in this occupational setting in the period evaluated. However, the increases observed also in workers with doubtful exposure to ionizing radiation indicate that other chromosome-damaging agents may be involved and, in turn, suggest the extension of surveillance to a larger number of occupations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:353–360, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Biological monitoring of three 60Co radiation incident victims.

Radiation-induced structural chromosomal aberrations were the only adverse effects found in three workers overexposed to 60Co gamma-radiation. Chromosomal analyses were performed on the 5th and 75th days after exposure. Hematologic follow-up was carried out on the 5th, 12th, 16th, and 75th days after exposure. Hematologic findings did not differ over time in any of the three exposed workers. In two workers, we found dicentric chromosomes, which are conventional indicators for exposure to ionizing radiation.     

Assessment of Genotoxic Damage in Lymphocytes of Hospital Workers Exposed to Ionizing Radiation in Argentina

The authors aimed to assess genotoxic damage in the lymphocytes of workers chronically exposed to ionizing radiation. The studied population included 15 exposed donors of the radiology unit of a public hospital in La Plata, Argentina. The control group included 15 nonexposed employers from administrative areas that the authors matched by age, sex, and smoking habits. The mean frequency of cytogenetic damage was higher in the exposed group than in the unexposed group for aneuploidy and structural chromosome aberrations. They observed the highest difference when achromatic lesions (or gaps) were considered. The comet assay showed that the frequency of cells with low damage was higher in the exposed group than in the unexposed group. A mean length analysis showed significant differences between exposed and nonexposed people. The results can be considered to be consistent evidence of occupational radiation exposure, and the results indicate that the workers must be advised to avoid or minimize their exposure.     

Assessment of genotoxic damage in lymphocytes of hospital workers exposed to ionizing radiation in Argentina

The authors aimed to assess genotoxic damage in the lymphocytes of workers chronically exposed to ionizing radiation. The studied population included 15 exposed donors of the radiology unit of a public hospital in La Plata, Argentina. The control group included 15 nonexposed employers from administrative areas that the authors matched by age, sex, and smoking habits. The mean frequency of cytogenetic damage was higher in the exposed group than in the unexposed group for aneuploidy and structural chromosome aberrations. They observed the highest difference when achromatic lesions (or gaps) were considered. The comet assay showed that the frequency of cells with low damage was higher in the exposed group than in the unexposed group. A mean length analysis showed significant differences between exposed and nonexposed people. The results can be considered to be consistent evidence of occupational radiation exposure, and the results indicate that the workers must be advised to avoid or minimize their exposure.