抗Tac单克隆抗体对ConA诱导小鼠实验性肝损伤的影响

本研究采用ＣｏｎＡ诱导，建成小鼠肝损伤模型，并检测其血浆肿瘤坏死因子－α（ＴＮＦ－α）含量的变化，发现模型组鼠血浆ＴＮＦ－α含量为０．１９±０．０６ｎｇ／ｍｌ，而正常对照组未检出ＴＮＦ－α，二者比较有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。预先注射抗Ｔａｃ单克隆抗体可减少ＣｏｎＡ注射后小鼠ＴＮＦ－α的产生，与模型组比较（分别为０．０３±０．０２和０．１９±０．０６），二者有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００１），而且注射抗Ｔａｃ单抗组无肝损伤发生。上述结果表明，ＣｏｎＡ诱导的肝损伤与ＴＮＦ－α等的介导有关，抗Ｔａｃ单克隆抗体对ＣｏｎＡ诱导的肝损伤有保护作用。     

人清浆对抗原抗体反应免疫抑制作用的研究

本用体外实验的方法，研究人精浆对抗原抗体特异怀反应的抑制作用。运用酶联免疫吸附试验原检测人精浆对ＡｓＡｂ，Ａ－ｄｓＤＮＡ，Ａ－ＴＧ，Ａ－ＴＭ，ＲＦ五种自身抗体的抑制，抑制率分别为６１．５±２３．１（％），５７．１±２５．８（％），４２．０±２８．２（％），４１．８±２５．１（％），说明均有明显的抑制作用。经生育组与孕组、流产组对比分析发现不孕组精浆对ＲＦ２５．１（％），说明均有明显的抑制作用。经     

实验性矽肺纤维化组织中I,Ⅲ型前胶原基因的表达

在制备人和小鼠的Ｐｒｏα１（Ｉ）、Ｐｒｏα１（Ⅲ）前胶原ｃＤＮＡ探针的基础上，采用ｃＤＮＡｍＲＮＡ斑点杂交及原位杂交技术，观察了二氧化硅诱导二个月和四个月的矽肺纤维大鼠肺组织Ｉ型、Ⅲ型胶原基因的ｍＲＮＡ水平和分布情况。实验结果表明，肺纤维化组织中Ｐｒｏα１（Ｉ）、Ｐｒｏα１（Ⅲ）ｍＲＮＡ含量比正常肺组织明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５），两型ｍＲＮＡ在正常肺组织主要分布于肺泡间隔的成纤维细胞中，而在病变组织     

CMP促诱生IL—2,TNF—α,IL—6,IFNγ／α效应和产品中试

用羧甲基茯苓多糖（ＣＭＰ）预处理人外周血淋巴细胞（ＨＰＢＬ），在以ＰＨＡ和ＣｏｎＡ为主的复合诱生剂诱导培养２４、３６、４８、７２ｈ采样检测的促诱生组ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮγ效价（ｘ±ｓ）分别为４５６．１±２４．２，４７５．６±１８５．７，７４３３±１１８９．９，５５８３．０±５３５．５ＩＵ／ｍｌ，分别比无ＣＭＰ的常规诱生组效价高１．５，３．８，１．８，１．４倍；在以ＮＤＶ－Ｆ病毒为诱生剂诱导培养２２ｈ采样，并经酸化和中性化后检测的ＩＦＮ－α效价可达２１２７４．２±５５２３．０ＩＵ／ｍｌ，比无ＣＭＰ的常规诱生组高１．２倍，均有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），说明ＣＭＰ对上述五种细胞因子均有明显的促诱生效应。此外，还采用ＣＭＰ促诱生技术，对ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮγ和ＩＦＮ－α细胞因子进行了中试，提出了低成本、高效益的中试工艺路线，有待于在制备天然细胞因子的细胞工程中推广应用     

血小板衍生性生长因子对体外培养人肾小球系膜细胞生长的影响

目的观察血小板衍生性生长因子（ＰＤＧＦ）对体外培养的人肾小球系膜细胞（ＭｓＣ）生长、基质合成和分泌以及ｃ┐ｍｙｃ癌基因表达的影响。方法体外培养的ＭｓＣ培养液中掺入５┐溴脱氧尿嘧啶（ＢｒｄＵ）,采用ＢｒｄＵ单克隆抗体免疫组化法检测ＭｓＣ的增殖情况;应用［３Ｈ］脯氨酸掺入酶消化法测定ＭｓＣ细胞内、外胶原蛋白总量;采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法检测纤维连接蛋白（ＦＮ）、Ⅳ型胶原、核癌基因ｃ┐ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ表达结果。结果（１）ＢｒｄＵ掺入法的阳性细胞标记指数在对照组为１９．５％,ＰＤＧＦ组为３４．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）;（２）ＭｓＣ经ＰＤＧＦ作用后,细胞内、外胶原蛋白量分别为２．６９±０．６０％和３．８７±０．６５％,较正常对照组１．２５±０．５０％和１．６１±０．５１％明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）;（３））Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法显示ＰＤＧＦ组细胞的ＦＮ、Ⅳ型胶原及ｃ┐ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ的表达明显高于正常组。结论ＰＤＧＦ不仅可刺激肾小球ＭｓＣ的增殖和胶原蛋白合成,而且可从基因转录水平增加ＦＮ、Ⅳ型胶原及ｃ┐ｍｙｃ癌基因的表达。由此推断ＰＤＧＦ在肾小球疾病的发生、发展中可能起着重要作用     

肾小管损伤时内皮素1、肿瘤坏死因子α的表达及其对离体肾间质成纤维细胞的影响

目的　研究内皮素１（ＥＴ１）、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦα） 在肾小管上皮细胞的表达、肾小管的损伤及它们对肾间质成纤维细胞的影响。方法　应用肾小管上皮细胞及肾间质成纤维细胞的体外培养;建立肾小管损伤动物模型;应用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ） 、免疫组化ＳＰ法染色、放射免疫测定（ＲＩＡ） 及双重免疫组织化学染色技术,并测定３ＨＴＤＲ 掺入率。结果　肾小管上皮细胞既有ＥＴ１ｍＲＮＡ和ＴＮＦαｍＲＮＡ 的表达（ＲＴＰＣＲ的扩增片段分别为５４６ ｂｐ 和４１５ ｂｐ） ,还有ＥＴ１ 及ＴＮＦα的蛋白合成及分泌;细胞培养上清中ＥＴ１ 和ＴＮＦα含量分别为１．４２ ｐｇ／ｍｌ 和０ ．５８ ｎｇ／ｍｌ;且肾小管损伤及再生过程中,ＥＴ１ 及ＴＮＦα表达增加。对体外培养的大鼠肾间质成纤维细胞分别加入ＥＴ１ 、ＴＮＦα,３ＨＴＤＲ掺入率较对照组明显增高（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;并证明肾间质成纤维细胞有ＥＴ受体（ＥＴＲ） ｍＲＮＡ及ＴＮＦ受体（ＴＮＦＲ１） ｍＲＮＡ的表达（ＲＴＰＣＲ 扩增片段分别为５４４ ｂｐ 和３４７ ｂｐ）。结论　损伤及再生的肾小管上皮细胞较正常时合成和分泌更多的ＥＴ１ 和ＴＮＦα,ＥＴ１ 及ＴＮＦα分别     

CCl_4诱导大鼠肝纤维化动物模型Ⅰ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ型胶原生成变化的研究

目的探讨肝纤维化过程中胶原生成细胞的来源以及Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型前胶原基因及其蛋白表达的演变规律。方法利用免疫组化及核酸分子杂交技术，对ＣＣｌ４诱导ＳＤ大鼠肝纤维化不同阶段（２０周内）α１（Ⅰ）、α１（Ⅲ）及α１（Ⅳ）前胶原ｍＲＮＡ的表达进行动态观察。结果（１）肝纤维化时α１（Ⅳ）前胶原ｍＲＮＡ早期即迅速升高，α１（Ⅲ）前胶原ｍＲＮＡ呈优势性表达，α１（Ｉ）前胶原ｍＲＮＡ含量的增加则较为缓慢；（２）肝纤维化早期，变性坏死区结蛋白阳性和α－平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性的Ｉｔｏ细胞及肌纤维母细胞表达α１（Ⅲ）、α１（Ⅳ）及α１（Ⅰ）前胶原ｍＲＮＡ。纤维化中、后期，三种前胶原ｍＲＮＡ表达主要见于间隔内纤维母细胞和肌纤维母细胞。结论二者构成肝纤维化时的主要胶原生成细胞。此外，窦内皮细胞也参与肝内Ⅳ型胶原的合成。     

正常育龄和经绝期妇女及成年男子九种生殖激素的放射免疫测定

本文报告了促黄体生成激素（ＬＨ）、促卵泡生成激素（ＦＳＨ）、泌乳素（ＰＲＬ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２）、睾酮（Ｔ）、孕酮（Ｐ）、１７α－羟基孕酮（１７α－ＯＨＰ）、硫酸去氢表雄酮（ＤＨＥＡ－ＳＯ４）和雄烯二酮等９种生殖激素的正常值。受检者为３２名正常育龄妇女、３６名健康经绝期妇女和５７名正常成年男子。育龄组妇女的排卵期ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ和Ｅ２的峰值分别为８６．１±６３．５ＩＵ／Ｌ、２５．２±１０．４ＩＵ／Ｌ和７５１±３３０ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ；Ｐ和１７α－ＯＨＰ高峰出现在黄体期，分别为４２．７±１８．８ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１３±６．５５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。Ｔ、ＤＨＥＡ－ＳＯ４和雄烯二酮在月经周期中血清水平稳定，均值为１．９３±１．２６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ、４．６９±１．８３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和３．０４±１．１６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。ＰＲＬ在排卵期轻度升高，平均１６．９±８．８６μｇ／Ｌ，最高达３７．７μｇ／Ｌ。经绝期妇女的生殖激素水平较之育龄妇女有明显差别，除ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ呈高水平外，其他激素均明显低下，其中２１名（５８．３％）的Ｅ２接近０。男子组的Ｅ２、Ｐ、ＰＲＬ和雄烯二酮较女性为低，Ｔ和ＤＨＥＡ－ＳＯ４则高于女性；ＦＳＨ、ＬＨ、１７α－ＯＨＰ近似女性卵泡期水平。     

肾综合征出血热患者血小板功能、肝素样物质、AT-Ⅲ∶α的变化及相互关系

测定了５５例肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）患者血小板计数、血小板粘附功能、血小板聚集功能、血浆肝素样物质含量及抗凝血酶－Ⅲ活性（ＡＴ－Ⅲ∶α）。结果表明，ＨＦＲＳ患者有显著的血小板计数降低，血小板粘附、聚集功能减弱，血肝素样物质含量增高与ＡＴ－Ⅲ∶α下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），在病程的极期与危重型患者，上述改变更为显著。相关分析表明，在ＡＴ－Ⅲ∶α＞８０％的患者，血肝素样物质含量与血小板计数、血小板粘附率及血小板聚集率之间的相关系数分别为－０．４３４４，－０．７１５７，－０．５５４７（Ｐ值均＜０．０１）。提示，ＨＦＲＳ患者血肝素样物质含量的增高可能是血小板数量减少与粘附、聚集功能减弱的原因之一，而这一影响作用在ＡＴ－Ⅲ∶α＞８０％的患者尤为显著。     

低氧对人胚肺成纤维细胞转化生长因子β1表达的影响

应用核酸原位杂交及增强化学发光免疫斑点法,观察常氧（Ｎ）、低氧（Ｈ）、常氧和低氧猪肺动脉内皮细胞条 件培养液（ＮＥＣＣＭ和 ＨＥＣＣＭ）对人胚肺成纤维细胞转化生长因子β_１（ＴＧＦβ_１） ｍＲＮＡ和蛋白表达的影响。结果表 明：Ｈ组ＴＧＦβ_１ｍＲＮＡ表达为Ｎ组的１．３６倍（Ｐ＜０．０１）,同时在其培养上清液中,ＴＧＦβ_１蛋白含量也明显升高为Ｎ 组的１．８倍。ＨＥＣＣＭ组ＴＧＦβ_１ｍＲＮＡ和蛋白表达较ＮＥＣＣＭ组均下降,ｍＲＮＡ为ＮＥＣＣＭ组的９０％,Ｐ＜０．０１。蛋 白含量为后者的６２．２％。提示：（１）低氧促进入胚肺成纤维细胞合成和分泌ＴＧＦβ_１。（２）在低氧条件下,肺动脉内皮 细胞可能合成某种因子,抑制成纤维细胞ＴＧＦβ_１基因转录和蛋白表达。     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。