大熊猫体毛微量元素含量与疾病的关系

本文报告了用PIXE（Proton Induced X-Ray Emission）技术研究不同健康状况大熊猫体毛中的微量元素含量,分别比较了各类样本中微量元素含量相对于各自锌含量的比值。不同健康状况的大熊猫体毛中的微量元素含量不同。血色素低与铁有关,食欲差与缺铬有关,癫痫病与钙铜含量变化有关,癌症与铜和锌的比值变化有关。这些现象的初步揭示,为进一步研究高等动物体内微量元素与疾病的关系积累了资料,为人工饲养大熊猫提供了有益的参考资料。     

大熊猫体毛分析：Ⅱ. 数据分析处理

本文根据54只野生大熊猫体毛的催化极谱分析数据,用Grubbs准则和四d法建立了大熊猫体毛中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Co、Ni、Mo、Se、Mg、As等10种微量元素含量的背景值,探付了微量元素含量水平与山系、性别等因素的关系;元素间的相关性及其差异性检验。野生大熊猫个体间微量元素含量差异较大,成偏态或对数正态分布,经σ未知时总体均值的ι检验;方差分析的F检验,曼·惠特尼检验等多种数理统计处理,表明岷山、邛崃山两山系的大熊猫体毛中Se、Mg含量水平不同;Cu、Zn含量因性别而异,其显著性差异分别在99％与95％以上。进而用模式识别技术对大熊猫样本分类,经非线性映照处理,计算机分类结果与大熊猫按山系分的符合率达90％以上,与雌雄划分符合率达83％。     

人工饲养与野生川金丝猴体毛10种微量元素的含量及比较

测定了秦岭人工饲养(10只)和野生(14只)川金丝猴体毛中的10种微量元素含量。锌、铁、铜、钙、镁5种元素采用火焰原子吸收法;锰、铬、铅采用石墨炉原子吸收法;铝采用等离子光谱;硒经硝解后采用原子吸收法测定。结果表明,铬、锰、镁、铅、锌和硒的含量,人工猴极显著或显著高于野生猴;铁含量,人工猴极显著低于野生猴;钙、铜和铝的含量,人工猴与野生猴无显著差异。以人类毛发10种微量元素的正常范围为参照,人工猴铅、铬、锰与锌4种含量均显著超出正常范围的上限,属于严重超量。这可能与金丝猴饲养过程中添加营养制剂有关。     

小兴安岭兴安落叶松泥炭藓沼泽植物的主要微量元素

小兴安岭兴安落叶松、泥炭藓沼泽是我国典型贫营养型沼泽。沼泽中树木生长发育不良,泥炭藓和常绿小灌木发育十分良好。这与沼泽水文状况和泥炭中营养元素和微量元素有关。各种植物的主要微量元素硼、铜、钴、锰、锌等含量不同,植物的不同器官中的含量亦不同,而且随季节而变化。狭叶杜香和甸杜的主要微量元素含量特点及其季节变化规律基本相似,两种泥炭藓相似,都与兴安落叶松有明显的区别。 本文重点探讨植物体内主要微量元素及其含量变化规律,为揭示贫营养型森林沼泽生态、为合理利用与改造沼泽提供依据。     

小兴安岭兴安落直松泥炭藓沼泽植物的主要微量元素

小兴安岭兴安落叶松,泥碳藓治泽是我国典型营养型沼泽。沼泽中树木生长发育不良,泥炭藓和常绿小灌木发育十分育好。这与沼泽水文状况和泥炭中营养元素和微量元素有关。各种植物的主要微量元素硼,铜,钴,锰,锌等含量不同,植物的不同器官中的含量亦不同,而且随季节而变化。狭叶杜香和甸杜的主要微量元素含量特点及其季节变化规律基本相似,两种泥炭藓相似,都与兴安落叶有明显的区别。本文重点探讨植物体内主要微量元素及其含量     

不育男性患者和健康男性血液与精浆中微量元素含量的对比分析

目的:研究不育患者精浆和血液中微量元素的含量,为男性不育的诊断和治疗提供理论依据。方法:对73例正常生育组男性和265例男性不育患者的精浆和血液中的锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、镉进行检测分析,分析两组血液和精浆微量元素的差异。结果:不育组患者精浆和血液中锌的含量明显低于正常对照组,铜、镉离子含量明显高于正常对照组,与正常对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01);而两组中的钙、铁、镁的含量接近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不育组患者精浆中的锌元素水平明显高于血液锌含量,而血液中的镉含量明显高于精浆中的镉含量,差异有明显的统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:精浆和血液中锌、铜、镉的变化与男性不育密切相关。     

东北羊草草地锰、铜、锌含量特征的研究

 本文研究了羊草(Aneurolepidium chinense)草地割草场3种植物必需的微量元素锰、铜、锌的含量特征。结果表明,在生长季各时期,优势种羊草各器官元素含量有很大变化,总的趋势是：根>根茎>茎>叶>穗(Zn：叶>茎),各器官之间元素含量差异显著(P<0.05)。其它种类植物根中锰、铜、锌含量也显著高于地上各器官。羊草地上部锰、铜、锌积累量在生长季中的变化近似于“S”型曲线,但各元素曲线最高点出现的时间不同。寸草苔(Carex duriuscula)和针蔺(Heleocharis acicularis)地上部锰、铜、锌积累量变化与生物量变化相似,基本为双峰型曲线。三种元素在群落中的分布规律是：根>茎>叶>穗,与生物量分布规律相同。但锰、铜在地上各器宫中积累量占植物总积累量的比率低于相应的生物量比率,而锌这两者的比率则与生物量比率相近。群落中锰、铜、锌积累量与根层土壤中锰、铜、锌总量之比分别为0.10%,0.33%和0.09%。     

疲劳大鼠机体铜、锌变化与其自由基代谢相关性分析

目的:探讨疲劳状态下SD大鼠肝、肾、骨骼肌、血清中铜、锌这两种微量元素的分布变化,并分析其变化与大鼠机体抗氧化能力的相关性变化规律.方法:健康雄性SD大鼠14只,随机分为运动组和对照组,每组7只,运动组采用10d递增负荷的游泳运动方式建立SD大鼠运动疲劳模型,对照组不给予运动,取实验大鼠肝、肾、骨骼肌和血清,经常规消化后,用原子吸收分光光度计测定其铜、锌含量,同时检测相应组织中总超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量,最后进行比较和统计分析.结果:与正常组大鼠比较,疲劳大鼠肝组织和血清铜含量增加(P<0.05),肝组织锌含量增加(P<0.05),血清锌含量以及骨骼肌铜、锌含量减少(P<0.05).肾脏组织铜、锌变化不明显(P>0.05);疲劳组大鼠肝、肾、骨骼肌、血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性下降(P<0.05),丙二醛含量除骨骼肌中变化不明显外,肝、肾、血清中增加(P<0.05);相关性研究发现大鼠肝、血清、骨骼肌的抗氧化能力与其相应组织的铜、锌含量具有相关性(P<0.05).结论:疲劳状态下,大鼠肝、血清、骨骼肌中微量元素铜、锌代谢发生紊乱,影响相应组织抗氧化能力,可能参与了疲劳的形成.     

土壤与烤烟中微量元素含量的相关性

通过分析四川省会理烟区土壤及红花大金元烟叶各30份样品中微量元素含量,研究了会理烟区植烟土壤与烟叶中中微量元素含量之间的定量关系。结果表明:会理烟区大部分土壤中微量元素含量在较适宜的范围内,但部分土壤水溶性硼、有效锌含量较低,烟叶中铜元素、镁元素含量较缺乏;利用多元线性逐步回归分析得到土壤与烟叶中微量元素的回归方程,其中烟叶中的锰、锌含量均受到土壤中5个中微量元素的综合影响,而钙含量仅受到土壤中有效锰和交换性钙的影响;偏相关和通径分析结果表明,烟叶中微量元素与其对应的土壤内中微量元素呈极显著正相关,且直接作用系数最大。土壤中的中微量元素之间存在着广泛的协同或拮抗效应,其中土壤有效锰的含量对烟叶所有中微量元素含量的影响最大,而烟叶锌含量受土壤中其他中微量元素的影响最大。     

黄土高原旱地长期种植作物对土壤微量元素形态和有效性的影响

在长期定位试验的基础上,用连续浸提方法对土壤微量元素进行形态分级,研究了长期种植作物条件下黄土高原旱地土壤中微量元素的形态组成及其在不同土壤组分间的分配特征,探讨了种植系统对土壤微量元素有效性的影响。土壤中有效态微量元素含量的剖面分布除与土壤中微量元素的全量有关外,还与不同的种植系统有关。各种植系统有效锌和有效铜含量均低于休闲土壤,有效锌以小麦连作和苜蓿连作降低最多,有效铜以小麦连作和粮豆轮作降低最多。小麦连作系统40 cm以上土层土壤有效锰含量和休闲土壤接近,40~100cm土层低于休闲土壤,苜蓿连作和粮豆轮作整个剖面土壤有效锰含量均有所增加。各种植系统40cm以上土层土壤有效铁含量均高于休闲土壤,40~100cm土层土壤有效铁分布趋势相同,其含量均随土层深度的增加而增加,并且小麦连作低于休闲土壤,粮豆轮作高于休闲土壤,苜蓿连作与休闲相近,这些结果表明长期种植作物可以显著改善土壤锰素营养和铁素营养状况。苜蓿连作和小麦连作使锌和铁从矿物态向有机结合态转化,增加了土壤有效锌和有效铁的储备,粮豆轮作系统各形态锌低于休闲土壤,并且土壤中锌的总贮量有所减少;各种植系统土壤氧化物结合态铁在耕层增加,在古耕层降低,这也表明种植作物可以活化深层土壤难溶态铁。长期种植作物使耕层土壤各形态铜含量降低,粮豆轮作和小麦连作系统古耕层土壤各形态铜含量较休闲土壤有所增加。3种种植系统碳酸盐结合态、氧化物结合态和有机结合态锰含量均有不同程度的下降,且耕层土壤交换态、碳酸盐结合态和有机结合态锰高于古耕层,氧化物结合态和矿物态锰含量低于古耕层。     

大熊猫体内微量元素的PIXE分析——Ⅰ.毛发和肝脏的微量元素

众所周知,微量元素对生物的生存、健康和疾病有着重大的关系。通过长期的研究,已逐步形成了微量元素医学学科(孔祥瑞,1982;Prosad,A.S.,1976;Underwood,E.J.,1977)。 我们应用PIXE(质子激发X射线)分析方法,对比研究了健康的和有疾病的大熊猫的毛发和肝脏内微量元素的变化,为大熊猫的人工饲养和临床诊断提供一些数据和资料。     

圈养大熊猫血清微量元素含量的测定与分析

正微量元素包括Fe、Cu、Cr、Mn和Zn等,虽含量极微,但具有极重要的生理功能,涉及机体的生长发育、免疫代谢等生命活动过程(Shenkin,2008; Subrahmanyam et al.,2015),也是反映机体新陈代谢及生理功能状况的重要指标(Carpene et al.,2017)。例如Fe元素参与机体氧的运输和贮存(Abbaspour et al.,2014),血清铁被认为是动物营养评估的生化指标(Ganapathy et al.,2011); Cu元素是多种氧化酶的重要组分,参与动物新陈代谢、生长发育等(Desai et al.,2014)。     

Determination of zinc contents in rabbits with cerebral ischemia by NAA and ICP-AES

Cerebral ischemia is an important cerebral vascular disease, and zinc is a necessary trace element for humans. In this work, a cerebral ischemia model of rabbit was established by operation. The samples of brain and serum in the animal models were collected. The Zn contents in the samples were determined by neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The results show the Zn contents in brain decreased 2 mo after cerebral ischemia, and Zn contents in serum decreased even more obviously. In addition, a positive correlation of Zn contents between left and right cerebral hemispheres was observed, and the positive correlation between brain and serum was also observed. A test of Chinese medicine was also carried out in the work. Two Chinese medicines were fed to rabbits with cerebral ischemia in the experiments. The results showed they probably can prevent the decrease of Zn contents in serum.     

Trace elements in excavated human hair

Concentrations of the elements Ca, Sr, Mg, Zn and Cu were determined in excavated hair specimens and adherent, most probably soil remains from two sites in Germany. Though soil contamination obviously has occurred, the two groups could be distinguished by differential trace element contents in the hair samples. The trace element concentrations might be interpreted in terms of nutritional intake, the results being corroborated by preceding bone analyses and the different local and social settings. Hair decomposition is discussed.     

A comparison of trace-elemental composition of natural color and gray hair

In order to get some information on the possible causes of graying of hair, we have used the technique of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis for comparing the trace element contents of natural color and gray hair from a number of subjects. The technique of XRF was preferred to other analytical methods for this kind of comparative studies since it appeared to be simple, convenient, quick, and contamination free. Natural color and gray hair from each subject were obtained from the same scalp region. The hair samples were washed in the recommended fashion. The natural color and gray hair from different subjects were mounted separately on hollow plastic cylindrical sample holders, assuring that the hair were parallel to, and not on top of one another. The samples were analyzed in a commercial wave length dispersive XRF system, with different X-ray tubes being used for obtaining maximum sensitivity for different elements. The scattered X-ray peak from each sample was also monitored and gave a measure of the sample volume being investigated. So far, hair samples from 10 subjects have been analyzed. Their results are presented in the paper, and advantages of XRF, for trace element analysis on hair are discussed.     

Study of Zn,Cu and Pb content in plants and contaminated soils in Sardinia

Trace elements in soils exist as components of several different fractions. We have analyzed the correlation between total and extractable (EDTA, calcium chloride and deionized water) Zn, Pb and Cu concentrations in soils and the concentration of these elements in plant leaves. Soil and plant samples have been taken from Sulcis-Iglesiente (Sardinia), an area rich in mining tailings. This has made that the concentrations of the trace element under study in soils were varied. Three plants have been studied: Dittrichia viscosa, Cistus salviifolius, and Euphorbia pithyusa subsp. cupanii. Soil samples beneath each of them at depths of 0–30 and 30–60 cm have been considered. The highest concentration of trace elements in the leaves of the studied species has been found for Zn. The calcium carbonate content and the crystalline and amorphous forms of iron in the soil have determined the concentration of metal in plant leaves. The soil concentrations that have been found with the extraction methods are uncorrelated with Pb and Cu concentrations in plants, but Zn is correlated with the fraction extracted with EDTA and calcium chloride. The concentrations of trace metals in plants are most closely related to the soil contents of CaCO₃, electrical conductivity, Fe_ox, and Fe_dc.     

Trace element concentrations of oligochaetes and relations to sediment characteristics in the reservoir at Altenwörth/Austria

Summary The sediments of the River Danube in the Reservoir at Altenwörth/Lower Austria, are moderately polluted with Zn, Pb, and Cd, whereas concentrations of As, Co, Cr, Cu and Ni are typical of background values. Deposit-feeding oligochaetes living in these sediments were analyzed for their trace element concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) to study pathways of recycling of sediment bound amounts to the food web. Compared with background values of benthic deposit feeders from the literature, Cu and As are low, whereas some samples were enhanced in Pb, Cd and Zn. Within the rather narrow concentration ranges, relations of tissue concentrations with chemical and mineralogical compositions of the sediment were hardly found. Increase of clay mineral contents went in parallel with increasing Cd, Zn, and Cu in the tissues, and As in the tissues with total As content. Pb in the tissues was closely related to Pb-concentrations in the pore water. By means of sequential leaching, some further relations between trace element contents in the tissues and solid phases were found. The organic detrital phase positively correlates with As-uptake, whereas hydroxylamine-reducible Mn/Fe-oxyhydroxides influence the Pb-level, and dithionite-reducible Fe/Mn influence the Cu-level. Exchangeable and weak-acid-mobile fractions of the respective metals, however, did not correlate with tissue-levels, nor did the oxalate-extractable Fe-hydroxide coatings, which carry a major part of the heavy metals at fine grain sizes in the Danube sediments investigated. Zn in the tissues was largely independent from all investigated parameters.     

The association between content of the elements S,Cl, K,Fe, Cu,Zn and Br in normal and cirrhotic liver tissue from Danes and Greenlandic Inuit examined by dual hierarchical clustering analysis

ProjectMeta-analysis of previous studies evaluating associations between content of elements sulphur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and bromine (Br) in normal and cirrhotic autopsy liver tissue samples.ProcedureNormal liver samples from 45 Greenlandic Inuit, median age 60 years and from 71 Danes, median age 61 years. Cirrhotic liver samples from 27 Danes, median age 71 years. Element content was measured using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Statistics: Dual hierarchical clustering analysis, creating a dual dendrogram, one clustering element contents according to calculated similarities, one clustering elements according to correlation coefficients between the element contents, both using Euclidian distance and Ward Procedure.ResultsOne dendrogram separated subjects in 7 clusters showing no differences in ethnicity, gender or age. The analysis discriminated between elements in normal and cirrhotic livers. The other dendrogram clustered elements in four clusters: sulphur and chlorine; copper and bromine; potassium and zinc; iron. There were significant correlations between the elements in normal liver samples: S was associated with Cl, K, Br and Zn; Cl with S and Br; K with S, Br and Zn; Cu with Br. Zn with S and K. Br with S, Cl, K and Cu. Fe did not show significant associations with any other element.ConclusionsIn contrast to simple statistical methods, which analyses content of elements separately one by one, dual hierarchical clustering analysis incorporates all elements at the same time and can be used to examine the linkage and interplay between multiple elements in tissue samples.     

Biological evaluation of trace element data in human ovaries by statistical analysis

Analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, correlation coefficient, multiple correlation, and partial correlation coefficient statistical tests were applied to Cs, Cr, Co, Fe, Rb, Sc, Se, and Zn content in human ovaries in order to evaluate statistically the possible relationships between these trace elements at: the ovary as an organ, each ovarian phase separately, each morphological part independent of the ovarian phase, and between cortex and medulla within the ovarian phases. The element Cs seems to have a homogenous distribution between cortex and medulla within reproductive and menopausal phase. Zinc shows a trend to have an antagonistic relation with Cs, Cr, Co, and Fe during fetal and reproductive phases and not during menopausal phase. The relationship between Zn and Cs when Fe is kept constant could be used as a tool for the decontamination of the ovary from an abnormal Cs content or for the inhibition of the accumulation of the same element to the ovarian tissue.