间接空冷系统空冷散热器运行特性的数值模拟

以某6×1000 MW间接空冷电厂主要建筑物和空冷塔平面布局为例,通过CFD模拟,得到了冷却空气流场、温度场,分析了机组热负荷、环境气温、风速、风向对空冷散热器进口空气流速的影响.结果表明:处于环境风上游的空冷散热器单元,其迎面风速最大,空气温度最低,冷却效果最好;而处于侧面的空冷散热器单元,迎面风速最小,空气温度最高,冷却效果最差.随机组热负荷增加,空冷散热器冷却空气流量增加,随环境气温、风速增加,空冷散热器冷却空气流量减小.风向的改变也会影响散热器的运行特性.     

不同单元型式的直接空冷岛数值试验对比研究

利用ANSYS Fluent软件研究某2×660MW直接空冷岛,以期提高其整体换热性能。对不同单元型式、散热器管束和风机布置方式下的空冷岛方案进行流动和传热特性的数值模拟、分析和研究。在环境风速风向的影响下,不同布置型式的空冷岛出现一定的性能差异。静风状态下,不同布置方案的空冷岛通风量及换热量之间的差别很小,均在1%以内。TRL考核风速各风向下,与常规空冷布置方案相比,双小“A”风机低位布置方案的机组背压较低。炉后风向下,双小“A”风机低位布置方案的机组平均背压低于常规布置方案约1.57kPa。     

环境风影响下空冷系统换热特性数值模拟

环境风是影响直接空冷系统运行特性的主要因素之一。以某2×300 MW直接空冷机组空冷系统为研究对象,通过数值模拟,获得了不同炉后风速下空冷岛的空气流量和热风回流率,分析了空冷岛冷却空气流动换热特性。计算结果表明:不同炉后风速对空冷岛换热特性影响差别较大;随着炉后风速的增加,直接空冷岛空气流量不断降低;热风回流率先随炉后风速增大而增加,而后随炉后风速增大而降低;空冷岛各单元热风回流现象表现出明显的区域特性,处于风场上游的空冷单元具有较大的热风回流率。     

SCAL型间接空冷塔内外空气流动和传热性能数值研究

利用计算流体力学软件CFD,对自然通风状态下,某电厂2×300 MW机组两机一塔的SCAL型间接空冷散热器空冷塔内外空气的流动和传热性能进行数值模拟、分析和研究。确定考核工况基准下,不同环境风速对空冷塔通风量和间接空冷散热器散热量以及机组背压的影响。模拟结果显示,随着环境风速的增加,空冷塔内外流场发生复杂变化,空冷塔通风量和散热器散热量降低,机组背压升高,将引起很大的经济损失。这为间接空冷系统空冷散热器的优化设计提供了参考。     

环境风影响下换流变压器空冷系统换热性能研究

针对北方地区某高压直流输电换流站,建立了换流变压器空冷系统以及周围建筑物的计算流体动力学仿真模型,研究了不同环境风向和风速影响下空冷系统换热性能的变化规律。研究结果表明：由于周围建筑物的影响,空冷系统的换热性能在不同的环境风向下均有所衰减。当风向为W、风速为6m/s时,环境风流动方向与风机进气方向相反,极1和极2换流变空冷系统的换热能力衰减最为严重,分别下降了38%与40%。在高风速占比最多的NW28°风向下,环境风速逐渐升高时换热器上方的涡旋随着风向移动,迎风侧换热器出口高温气流回流至其他换热器入口;处于迎风侧的变压器2F换热器换热量最低,沿着环境风的运动方向不同位置换热器换热量呈现先升高后降低的趋势。研究结果为深入理解环境风影响下空冷系统换热性能的变化规律提供了理论依据,也为设计适应真实场景的变压器空冷系统提供了技术支撑。     

环境风对新型空冷单元换热特性影响的研究

针对由环境风所造成的直接空冷单元热风回流、传热恶化等问题,以某600MW直接空冷机组为例,采用Fluent软件分别建立传统A字形与新型圆台形空冷单元计算模型。在添加常见挡风墙的前提下,对两种空冷单元的换热特性进行对比研究。着重分析了不同环境风速下,两种空冷单元的温度分布,最高温度、平均温度及高温区域的变化趋势。并从风机风量与换热量两个角度,对其进行对比。结果表明:在不同环境风速下新型圆台形空冷单元换热表现更稳定、抗环境风干扰性更强。无论是经济性还是安全性较传统A字形空冷单元都具明显优势。     

钢塔和混凝土塔间冷散热器数值试验对比研究

利用ANSYS FLUENT软件,在自然通风状态下,对某2×660MW机组钢结构外覆铝板塔和钢筋混凝土塔及间接空冷散热器的流动和换热性能进行了数值模拟、分析和研究。以间冷系统设计工况为基准,钢塔通风量高于混凝土塔约2.82%;钢塔抽力高于混凝土塔约3.92%;钢塔间冷散热器换热量高于混凝土塔约2.73%。间冷塔模拟整体阻力略小于阻力叠加得到的设计总阻力。考核工况不同环境风速下,钢塔通风量和散热器换热量均高于混凝土塔;间冷塔通风量、散热器换热量和抽力的变化趋势不完全一致。低风速下,间冷塔的透风率为0。10m/s～20m/s环境风速下,间冷塔的透风率为1.44%～11.64%。当环境风速高于18m/s时,塔内将出现明显的"穿堂风"现象。     

间接空冷机组空冷塔塔群内空气流动及传热性能研究

由于具有巨大的节水优势,间接空冷机组在我国富煤少水区域得到广泛应用。研究环境风对间接空冷系统的影响机理对指导电厂运行具有重要意义。以某电厂间接空冷机组为基础,构建水平布置散热器的空冷塔群物理和数学模型,通过数值模拟方法分析环境风对塔内空气流场及空冷散热器换热性能的影响。结果表明:环境风对空冷系统塔内空气流场影响较大,进而影响空冷散热器的散热性能。随着风速的增加,空冷塔的换热性能不断恶化。在临界风速时额定负荷下,下游空冷塔换热量比上游空冷塔减少2.5%。     

空冷凝汽器单元换热面积优化数值模拟研究

直接空冷凝汽器采用空气作为冷却介质,其运行状况直接影响整个机组的安全经济运行,改善空冷凝汽器的换热效果能有效地为节能减排做出贡献。以某600MW直接空冷凝汽器空冷单元的传统结构为研究对象,创新性地在空冷单元三角形侧面加装散热器,用以增加散热器的换热面积。从三角形散热器的布置方式、散热器厚度、孔隙率3个方面模拟分析了加装三角形散热器对空冷单元换热效果的影响,得到了最佳的布置方案,并通过凝汽器背压进行验证。新方案改善了空冷单元的传热特性,为空冷单元的结构优化设计提供了一定的理论参考。     

环境风对空冷岛换热性能影响的分析及其改善措施

利用CFD软件,采用分步建模的方法对某2×300MW直接空冷凝汽器进行了数值模拟.分析了不同风向和风速对空冷岛外部流场和空冷凝汽器换热效率的影响.找出了环境风影响下热风回流和空冷单元风机出力降低的原因.空冷岛安装防风网,其换热性能会受到防风网的影响.结果表明,低压区的形成是导致热风回流和风机出力降低的主要原因;加装防风网可以有效改善风机入口流场,在风速为9m/s时,可以提高风机容积效率8.5％.     

生物质链条炉床层燃烧建模及一次风影响分析

基于多孔介质非热平衡的方法,考虑了床层高度的变化及颗粒内部温度梯度的影响,建立了一维非稳态燃烧模型来模拟炉排上移动床层的生物质燃烧。模拟计算结果与实验值对比分析表明,总体上数值计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。通过对不同一次风参数下床层燃烧的模拟结果分析得到,随着一次风风量的增加,床层剩余质量先减小后增大;在燃烧前期,床层出口气体温度上升速度减慢,挥发分析出速率降低,焦炭燃烧速率增大;在燃烧中期,床层出口气体温度先上升后下降,焦炭燃烧速率下降。一次风风温相比于一次风风量对床层燃烧影响较小,增大一次风风温可以提高挥发分析出速率,降低床层出口气体温度和床层剩余质量。     

Numerical analysis on the influence of ambient crosswind on the performance of solar updraft power plant system

The solar updraft power plant system (SUPPS) is a novel kind of solar thermal application, which uses the fluid buoyancy of the chimney effect to achieve output power. To investigate the impact of a strong ambient crosswind on the system output power through the collector inlet and chimney outlet, numerical analysis on the performances of a SUPPS identical to the prototype in Manzanares, Spain which is exposed to the external crosswind with different velocities is carried out in this paper. A geometrical model including the SUPPS and its outside ambience is built and the mathematical models to describe the fluid flow, heat transfer and output power of the whole system are further developed. The pressure, temperature and velocity distribution of the air in the ambience and SUPPS together with the output power of the SUPPS are analyzed. The numerical simulation results reveal that ambient crosswind has influence on the performance of the SUPPS in two ways. On one hand, when the ambient crosswind is comparably weak, it will deteriorate the flow field and reduce the output power of the SUPPS. On the other hand, it may even increase the mass flow rate and output power if the crosswind is strong enough.     

湿式冷却塔进风口加装导风板的优化设计

基于两相流传热传质理论,利用Fluent软件模拟300 MW机组冷却塔填料区使用多孔介质时的通风率,采用离散相模型（DPM）在配水区上表面加入热水,模拟研究新型旋流型叶片导风板的优化能力,给定不同弧度及安装角,分别在0、3和7 m·s^-1风速下计算冷却塔出塔水温,并分析侧风对冷却塔冷却性能的影响。研究结果表明：加装导风板可以降低侧风引起的不利影响,导风板数量为50块时效果最好,旋流型叶片导风板的最佳安装角为20°,此时旋流型叶片的最佳弧度为15°,最大温降可达0.787 4 K。研究结果为火电厂选择导风板提供了依据。     

Effects of acoustic barriers and crosswind on the operating performance of evaporative cooling tower groups

Most evaporative cooling towers are arranged on building roof due to the limitation of space and noise, and acoustic barriers are always installed around cooling towers in practical applications. The existence of acoustic barriers and crosswind may affect the recirculation phenomenon which is directly related to the operating performance of cooling towers. In this study, a physical and mathematical computation model is proposed to research the crosswind and distance between acoustic barriers and inlet of cooling towers. Both sensible and latent heat are considered in this research. The reflux flow rate and performance ratio are obtained to evaluate the recirculation and operating performance, respectively. The results show that the higher the crosswind velocity, the larger the reflux flow rate, and the lower the performance ratio of cooling tower groups. For high crosswind velocity, the presence of acoustic barriers is useful to inhibit reflux and improve operating performance, especially for ICE cooling tower groups. In addition, the optimum values are recommended for LiBr/ICE cooling tower groups in the research cases The variation of reflux flow rate and performance ratio with the acoustic barriers’ distance presents a parabolic tendency.     

侧风条件下带消能导流装置的直接空冷岛冬季冻结风险模拟研究

哈密某电厂在其空冷岛中使用了一种新型消能导流装置来抵抗侧风影响、稳定机组背压。然而,该电厂冬季空冷单元散热管束冻结的情况依然存在。为了探究该装置对空冷岛冬季防冻的影响,利用Fluent软件对该电厂冬季大风时空冷岛的流动传热特性及各空冷单元的冻结风险进行了模拟研究。研究表明：空冷岛“消能导流装置”整体上对空冷单元的防冻起负面作用;在冬季大风条件下该装置迎风侧空冷单元的散热量平均超出警戒值27%以上,最高达到50%;消能导流装置主要通过提升轴流风机空气流速来增加对应空冷单元的换热量,该装置迎风侧空冷单元轴流风机的轴向空气流速甚至能达到与环境侧风相同的水平,这导致对应空冷单元换热量激增,更容易出现冻结事故;大风条件下该装置在空冷岛下方形成的高压区域分布并不均匀,临近主厂房与相邻空冷岛一侧的高压区域压力更高、面积更大,这些区域空冷单元的冻结风险更高。     

动网格技术在罩式炉流场模拟中的应用

利用动网格技术和流体力学的基本原理,通过计算机模拟罩式炉内保护气体的流场分布,在炉内流场达到稳定状态下,比较循环风机不同转速时气体流量的变化。计算结果表明气体的流量与风机转速呈线性关系,风机进出口的气体的压力与风机转速呈二次方关系,与理论公式一致,说明该方法是可行的。进一步运用该方法对罩式炉流场进行数值模拟,得出在风机转速为1700r/min下罩式炉内不同区域流场分布,结果显示沿罩式炉高度方向无论在钢卷的芯部还是外侧,循环气体的流速沿高度方向衰减,外侧最大气流速度从7.12m/s衰减为2.32m/s,芯部最大气流速度从17.29m/s衰减为3.34m/s。     

Laminar conjugate mixed convection in a vertical channel with heat generating components

Conjugate mixed convection arising from protruding heat generating ribs attached to substrates (printed circuit boards) forming channel walls is numerically studied. The substrates with ribs form a series of vertical parallel plate channels. Assuming identical disposition and heat generation of the ribs on each board, a channel with periodic boundary conditions in the transverse direction is considered for analysis. The governing equations are discretised using a control volume approach on a staggered mesh and a pressure correction method is employed for the pressure–velocity coupling. The solid regions are considered as fluid regions with infinite viscosity and the thermal coupling between the solid and fluid regions is taken into account by the harmonic thermal conductivity method. Parametric studies are performed by varying the heat generation based Grashof number in the range 10⁴–10⁷ and the fan velocity based Reynolds number in the range 0–1500, with air as the working medium. Results are obtained for the velocity and temperature distributions, natural convection induced mass flow rate through the channel, the maximum temperatures in the heat sources and the local Nusselt numbers. The natural convection induced mass flow rate in mixed convection is correlated in terms of the Grashof and Reynolds numbers. In pure natural convection the induced mass flow rate varies as 0.44 power of Grashof number. The maximum dimensionless temperature is correlated in terms of pure natural convection and forced convection inlet velocity asymptotes. For the parameter values considered, the heat transferred to the working fluid via substrate heat conduction is found to account for 41–47% of the heat removal from the ribs.     

Numerical investigation on the flow field of an axial flow fan in a direct air‐cooled condenser for a large power plant

The flow field of an axial fan in a direct air‐cooled condenser for a large power plant is modeled numerically. In order to improve the efficiency of heat exchange of the air‐cooled condenser, methods of increasing the rotational velocity of the fan and laying out the guide blade at the outlet of the fan are adopted. Results show that increasing the rotational velocity of the fan can effectively increase the flux of the fan, and can improve the efficiency of an air‐cooled condenser; laying out the guide blade at the fan outlet can ameliorate the flow field in an A‐flame. This causes the rotational kinetic energy to change into static pressure at the fan outlet, so the ability of the heat exchange of the air‐cooled condenser is improved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21027     

Effect of convex platform structure on hydrogen and oxygen combustion characteristics in micro combustor

The combustion characteristics of the micro combustor with a convex platform were simulated and the effects of the height of the convex platform and the inlet velocity on the combustion process were analyzed. The results show that the setting of convex platform can significantly increase the maximum velocity and reduce the outlet velocity. When the height of the boss continues to increase, the maximum velocity is more significant, but has little effect on the outlet velocity. At the same time, the increasing height of the convex platform increases, the turbulent kinetic energy and reduces the intensity of combustion on the axis. However further increase in the height does not reduce the effect significantly. The fuel conversion rate increases significantly, but the velocity decreases. In the micro combustor with a convex platform, increasing the inlet velocity increases the axial temperature, the fuel conversion rate decreases.     

Influence of fan setting height on the cooling performance of a plate‐fin‐type heat sink with microprocessor

The cooling performance of a plate‐fin‐type heat sink equipped with a cooling fan was investigated experimentally. The heat sink was 80 mm long, 43 mm wide, and 24 mm in height (including the 4‐mm‐thick base). The cooling fan was 40 × 40 × 15 mm and was set to direct the air flow vertically in the downstream half of the heat sink. We focused on the influence of the height (which varied from 5 to 20 mm) that the fan was set at, on the heat transfer coefficient of the heat sink. The maximum value of the heat transfer coefficient was achieved at a setting height of 5 mm. At this height, the volumetric heat transfer coefficient was 1.8 times as high as that in a parallel flow under the same fan power. This result indicates that the cooling performance of heat sinks with a cooling fan can be improved by using this kind of compact structure. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(6): 512–520, 2001