牛乳蛋白与淀粉相互作用的研究进展

淀粉基食品的感官品质和营养价值主要取决于淀粉在加工过程中其结构（颗粒态、分子态结构）和理化性质（糊化、流变学和回生性质）的变化。牛乳蛋白可通过疏水相互作用吸附于淀粉颗粒的表面,抑制淀粉吸水膨胀和淀粉酶对其的降解作用;牛乳蛋白亦可在静电相互作用、氢键、疏水相互作用等的共同作用下与淀粉分子间形成稳定或不稳定（相分离）的凝胶,改变淀粉基食品的流变学特性。本文综述了淀粉和牛乳蛋白之间相互作用方式以及牛乳蛋白对淀粉热特性、流变学特性和消化性质影响的最新研究进展,旨在明晰淀粉和牛乳蛋白相互作用机理,为利用牛乳蛋白改善淀粉基食品的加工性能、感官和营养品质提供指导。     

植物多酚与淀粉的分子相互作用研究进展

淀粉是食品工业的重要原料之一,同时也是人体主要的供能物质。植物多酚是一类广泛存在于植物中且对人体健康有益的活性物质。植物多酚与淀粉的分子相互作用会影响淀粉基食品在加工和贮藏过程中的品质（如质构、风味及色泽等）及营养特性。本文在查阅和整理国内外有关文献和研究的基础上,对植物多酚与淀粉的分子相互作用及其对淀粉和植物多酚相关性质的影响进行综述,包括植物多酚与淀粉的复合物形成方式（以疏水作用力为主的V型复合物和以氢键为主的非V型复合物）,其相互作用对淀粉理化性质（糊化性质、回生性质和流变性质等）、微观结构和消化特性的改变及其对植物多酚的保护及缓释作用,以期为植物多酚在淀粉的加工、贮藏及其他相关领域的资源化利用提供有益的帮助与参考。     

真空油炸技术及其在淀粉基食品中的应用

油炸是一种常用的食品加工方式,油炸食品因其独特的色香味受到消费者喜爱。淀粉基食品是油炸食品常用原料,薯条、油条、方便面等淀粉基油炸食品均为餐桌上的常见美食。但油炸过程可能会产生丙烯酰胺等危害物质,过量食用油炸食品会导致超重、肥胖和其他慢性疾病,对人们的身体健康不利。因此,人们开发了新型油炸技术来提高油炸食品品质,真空油炸就是其中较为成熟的一种。本文重点介绍了真空油炸技术的原理、优点及与其它技术的联用,详细阐述了真空油炸技术对淀粉特性的影响及其在淀粉基食品中的应用,以期为真空油炸淀粉基食品的进一步发展提供参考,创造出更健康的淀粉基油炸食品,减少饮食相关慢性疾病的发生。     

小分子糖对淀粉性质的影响研究进展

小分子糖是一类分子量较低的糖类,主要包括单糖、二糖以及其它低聚合度寡糖。小分子糖可用于提供甜味、改善食品质构、优化食品的加工适应性等,通常作为食品添加剂应用于食品领域中。此外,部分小分子糖具有独特生理功能,可用于调控食品营养品质。淀粉是食品中最常见的主食组分,淀粉及其改性衍生物也作为食品配料,应用于酱料、乳制品、饮料以及肉制品等食品品类中。小分子糖与淀粉的复合体系在食品中应用十分广泛,其添加对天然淀粉性质具有重要影响,在调控淀粉基食品品质中起到重要作用。本文综述了食品中常见的小分子糖及其对淀粉主要理化性质（凝胶质构、透明度、凝沉性、糊化、冻融稳定性、老化、消化等）的影响,重点描述了不同类型及添加量的小分子糖对不同来源淀粉性质的影响规律,旨在为小分子糖在淀粉基食品中的应用提供参考。     

加工处理方式对玉米粉加工特性、营养特性和食用品质影响的研究进展

本文综述了应用不同技术制备得到的玉米粉加工特性、营养特性,以及玉米食品的感官及质构品质。玉米粉的加工特性主要从制备方法影响水合特性（包括水结合能力和吸水性指数等指标）及糊化特性两方面进行了总结和分析;营养特性重点综合分析了其能量物质（主要是淀粉、脂肪和蛋白质）与制备技术的相关性,并总结归纳了制备技术对玉米粉抗氧化特性和消化特性的影响。关于玉米食品的品质方面则重点综述了不同的加工技术对以玉米粉为原料制作的蒸煮类、焙烤类食品感官及质构品质的影响。     

淀粉韧化研究进展

淀粉是广泛存在于自然界中的一种半晶型生物高分子,是植物性食品原料的主要成分,淀粉的性质对食品加工及产品品质起着非常重要的作用。韧化是改善淀粉加工性能、提高淀粉基食品品质特性的一种淀粉物理变性方式,是淀粉颗粒在热水作用下内部结构的物理重组过程。简单介绍了韧化的水分、温度条件,韧化淀粉的应用领域,重点阐述了目前关于韧化对淀粉颗粒形态、内部结构以及功能特性影响的研究进展,并对韧化技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

芒果浑浊果冻和果冻粉生产线的研究

本文所示为以芒果原浆为原料加工浑浊果冻和果冻粉的生产线设计。它由原料的预处理及浓缩、灌装凝结制冻以及干制成粉等部分组成，它同时也适用于生产以其他果蔬原浆为原料的同类产品。该生产线可为大型集约化生产厂家提出可供选择的生产线模式，也为其他大、中、小型食品加工厂拓宽自己的加工品种，实现综合加工，提供了一个调整生产线以适应需求的方案。     

高粘结性淀粉产品

最近，日本王子玉米淀粉公司强化了食品加工用淀粉一变性淀粉的研究开发事业。不久前开发生产了高粘结性（结着性）白脱用淀粉“米尔菲克斯”（商品名），已经上市销售。同时，另一种用于改良食品物理性状，并可作为食物纤维材料使用的由马铃薯原料加工制成的精制食物纤维产品“泰克斯库拉雯”（商品名）也已正式投产。该产品在肉食加工品品质改良和稳定剂用途中，市场需求量逐步增长。     

“食品生物技术”专题征稿函

正食品生物技术是生物技术在食品原料生产、加工和制造中的应用的一个学科。它包括了食品发酵和酿造等最古老的生物技术加工过程,也包括了应用现代生物技术来改良食品原料的加工品质的基因、生产高质量的农产品、制造食品添加剂、植物和动物细胞的培养以及与食品加工和制造相关的其他生物技术,如酶工程、蛋     

“食品生物技术”专题征稿函

正食品生物技术是生物技术在食品原料生产、加工和制造中的应用的一个学科。它包括了食品发酵和酿造等最古老的生物技术加工过程,也包括了应用现代生物技术来改良食品原料的加工品质的基因、生产高质量的农产品、制造食品添加剂、植物和动物细胞的培养以及与食品加工和制造相关的其他生物技术,如酶工程、蛋白质工程和酶分子的进化工程等。生物技术在食品领域中日益显示其巨大的作用与意义。     

Water transport in starchy foods: Experimental and mathematical aspects

BackgroundThe availability and movement of water inside the food materials play essential roles for food stability by affecting their physical and chemical properties, and microbiological activity. Understanding the moisture sorption behavior is a necessary step to control food properties. Food processing unit operations like drying and cooking influence the behavior of starch since such systems trigger swelling or shrinkage as a result of moisture sorption or desorption mechanisms. Also, these processes alter many aspects of starch-containing foods such as acceptability, nutritional value, quality, and shelf-life.Scope and approachTherefore, understanding the water transport in starchy foods and the changes occurring in functional properties of starch has a great importance to describe and model their sorption and drying behavior. First, the primary mechanisms occurring during water transport such as moisture sorption, swelling, gelatinization, and glass transition are discussed using experimental results presented in the literature. Additionally, the hybrid mixture theory (HMT) and its potential for predicting transport mechanisms in starchy foods is discussed.Key findings and conclusionsIn addition to experimental considerations, the mathematical modeling provides complementary information to predict the heat and fluid transfer. The hybrid mixture theory based multiscale models are able to describe the physico-chemical changes and general transport mechanisms occurring within a porous food matrix. This theory can also be used to predict the quality changes in food products during processing.     

Moisture Transfer in Solid Food Materials: A Review of Mechanisms,Models, and Measurements

Drying is one of the most important processes in the food industry, as well as one of the most frequently studied topics in food engineering. Optimizing this process will result in lower production costs and increased product quality. Moisture transfer in heterogeneous materials, such as foods, is a complex process where more than one mechanism may occur. After over eighty years of applying Fick's Second Law diffusion equation to drying of foods, there are still wide variability in reported diffusion coefficients. This article reviews moisture transfer mechanisms, models developed to predict moisture transfer, measurement of effective moisture diffusivity, which is the most common parameter used in predicting moisture transfer, and advanced measurements of moisture profiles to quantify and validate predictive models.     

Starch-based noodles: Current technologies,properties, and challenges

Starch noodles are gaining interest due to the massive popularity of gluten-free foods. Modified starch is generally used for noodle production due to the functional limitations of native starches. Raw materials, methods, key processing steps, additives, cooking, and textural properties determine the quality of starch noodles. The introduction of traditional, novel, and natural chemical additives used in starch noodles and their potential effects also impacts noodle quality. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the native and modified starch as raw materials and key processing steps for the production of starch noodles. Further, this article aimed to comprehensively collate some of the vital information published on the thermal, pasting, cooking, and textural properties of starch noodles. Technological, nutritional, and sensory challenges during the development of starch noodles are well discussed. Due to the increasing demands of consumers for safe food items with a long shelf life, the development of starch noodles and other convenience food products has increased. Also, the incorporation of modified starches overcomes the shortcomings of native starches, such as lack of viscosity and thickening power, retrogradation characteristics, or hydrophobicity. Starch can improve the stability of the dough structure but reduces the strength and resistance to deformation of the dough. Some technological, sensory, and nutritional challenges also impact the production process.     

Starch Retrogradation: A Comprehensive Review

Starch retrogradation is a process in which disaggregated amylose and amylopectin chains in a gelatinized starch paste reassociate to form more ordered structures. Starch retrogradation has been the subject of intensive research over the last 50 years, mainly due to its detrimental effect on the sensory and storage qualities of many starchy foods. However, starch retrogadation is desirable for some starchy food products in terms of textural and nutritional properties. To better understand the effect of starch retrogradation on the quality of starchy foods, measurement methods of starch retrogradation and factors that influence starch retrogradation have been studied extensively. This article provides a comprehensive review of starch retrogradation including the definition of the process, molecular mechanisms of how it occurs, and measurement methods and factors that influence starch retrogradation. The review also discusses the effect of retrogradation on the in vitro enzyme digestibility of starch. Spectroscopic methods such as FTIR and Raman are considered to be very promising in characterizing starch retrogradation at a molecular level, although more studies are needed in the future.     

Food structure: Its formation and relationships with other properties

Food materials are complex in nature as it has heterogeneous, amorphous, hygroscopic and porous properties. During processing, microstructure of food materials changes which significantly affects other properties of food. An appropriate understanding of the microstructure of the raw food material and its evolution during processing is critical in order to understand and accurately describe dehydration processes and quality anticipation. This review critically assesses the factors that influence the modification of microstructure in the course of drying of fruits and vegetables. The effect of simultaneous heat and mass transfer on microstructure in various drying methods is investigated. Effects of changes in microstructure on other functional properties of dried foods are discussed. After an extensive review of the literature, it is found that development of food structure significantly depends on fresh food properties and process parameters. Also, modification of microstructure influences the other properties of final product. An enhanced understanding of the relationships between food microstructure, drying process parameters and final product quality will facilitate the energy efficient optimum design of the food processor in order to achieve high-quality food.     

喷动床在农产品干燥中的研究进展

农产品干燥是农产品加工业中一项非常重要的技术,为农产品原料的利用和新产品的开发提供了更多可能。能效和干燥产品的质量是农产品干燥的2个关键指标,喷动床干燥技术是这2个关键指标的有效提高途径之一。该文简述了喷动床技术在干燥农产品的应用中的研究进展,介绍了喷动床的结构、工作原理及其应用现状,分析了喷动床干燥农产品主要的优缺点及发展趋势,并提出了作者的一些建设性意见,为喷动床干燥技术在农产品干燥中应用的深入研究提供参考,为充分利用偏低能耗与低成本来获得高质量脱水干燥产品提供借鉴。     

冷冻家禽类预制菜加工及复热技术研究进展

预制菜是指以农、畜、禽、水产品为原料,经过标准化生产得到的成品或半成品。随着宅经济、家庭小型化和生活节奏的改变,预制菜行业迅猛地发展起来。家禽预制菜是预制菜行业的重要分枝,市场上主要的产品有冷冻形式的白切鸡、椒麻鸡、盐焗鸡等卤煮类产品;也有道口烧鸡、辣子鸡丁等常温保藏类;还有盐水鸭等低温保藏食品。加工技术和复热技术良莠不齐,原料控制、腌制入味、熟化工艺和匹配的设备等影响着产品的质量;特别是冷冻类预制菜,复热技术和程度对菜品的品质影响较大,缺乏家禽预制菜肴和复热技术的理论研究。本文综述了加工技术以及复热技术对冷冻家禽预制菜的影响,为改善家禽预制菜的食用品质提供理论支撑,同时为进一步研发新式家禽预制菜提供思路。     

生产工艺条件对米线产品品质的影响

对影响米线的加工生产及复水性的关键因素如原料颗粒细度、水分含量、不同辅料的添加、干燥方式及复水性等方面进行综合研究。结果表明:当米粉细度为100目,水分含量为39%,添加20%~25%玉米淀粉时,加工出的米线质量较好,其产品质量和工艺指标均超过传统工艺产品,为米线生产工艺的技术改造和实现大规模工业生产创造了条件。     

Foam-mat drying technology: A review

This article reviews various aspects of foam-mat drying such as foam-mat drying processing technique, main additives used for foam-mat drying, foam-mat drying of liquid and solid foods, quality characteristics of foam-mat dried foods, and economic and technical benefits for employing foam-mat drying. Foam-mat drying process is an alternative method that allows the removal of water from liquid materials and pureed materials. In this drying process, a liquid material is converted into foam that is stable by being whipped after adding an edible foaming agent. The stable foam is then spread out in sheet or mat and dried by using hot air (40–90°C) at atmospheric pressure. Methyl cellulose (0.25–2%), egg white (3–20%), maltodextrin (0.5–05%), and gum Arabic (2–9%) are the commonly utilized additives for the foam-mat drying process at the given range, either combined together for their effectiveness or individual effect. The foam-mat drying process is suitable for heat sensitive, viscous, and sticky products that cannot be dried using other forms of drying methods such as spray drying because of the state of product. More interest has developed for foam-mat drying because of the simplicity, cost effectiveness, high speed drying, and improved product quality it provides.