TRANSIENT AND STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF A VOLTAGE CONTROLLED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE WITH DELTA CONNECTED WINDINGS

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with the transient and steady-state analysis of a voltage controlled induction motor (VCIM) drive with delta connected windings. Symmetrically triggered back-to-back connected thyristor pairs are used in each of the three lines to effect change in terminal voltage. Using a three-phase stator side equivalent circuit of the induction motor, the state equations for different modes of operation are formed and solved using a digital computer. The results of the transient and steady-state analysis for a specified triggering angle and load torque are presented and compared with those for a wye connected motor.     

基于“臂-桥”结构的无弧有载调压模型

提出了一种“臂-桥”结构的无弧有载调压模型，该模型以反并联大功率高耐压晶闸管作为调节控制开关，采用特定容量比例的调压绕组进行调压状态组合，从而减少变压器的抽头数和电力电子开关数，简化系统结构，并利用晶闸管在电流过零点自然关断的特性，有效简化了调压步骤，加快了调压速度。通过MATLAB对35kV／10．5kV，5000kVA的双绕组调压变压器模型的调压过程进行了仿真，仿真波形证明了该模型的正确性。     

基于统一离散时域建模法的晶闸管串联运行暂态仿真

现有晶闸管仿真模型虽能较准确地模拟单只晶闸管开通和关断的动态过程,却较少涉及多只器件的串并联仿真。文中在分析晶闸管开关过程中动态特性的基础上,利用统一离散时域建模法建立了包含开关动态过程的晶闸管数学模型。由于该模型采用时变电阻来描述晶闸管工作过程中电压、电流的变化关系,因此适用于晶闸管串联电路的暂态仿真分析。仿真和实验结果表明所建立的晶闸管数学模型可较为准确地描述串联运行的晶闸管开关过程中电压的动态分配,从而为需晶闸管串联运行的大型电力电子装置的动静态均压电路设计提供了依据。     

晶闸管投切电容无功补偿角型接线方案的研究

对于三相平衡负载的无功补偿 ,提出了晶闸管投切电容无功补偿角型接线的两种新的经济型方案。第一种采用晶闸管的反并联 ,第二种利用晶闸管和二极管的反并联。相对于常规的接线方案 ,新方案则要显得更加经济且能够快速地控制电容器组的投入和切除。     

斜桥变电所铁磁谐振过电压的仿真研究

为提高嘉兴电力局配电网面对铁磁谐振过电压的安全性,以斜桥变电所10kV配电网为模型,利用EMTP程序仿真分析了在TV高压侧中性点接非线性电阻、串单相TV(4TV方式)及TV开口三角绕组接阻尼电阻或分频消谐装置等多种消谐措施。结果表明非线性电阻能保持相电压稳定及抑制涌流,正温度系数热敏电阻和3次谐波滤波器可较好解决零序电压的偏高;4TV方式一次侧电流和零序电流过大等问题。还分析了分频消谐装置在实际运行中不能很好消谐的原因。仿真分析结果对提高配电网的供电安全可靠性具有很好的实用价值。     

ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO THE OPERATION OF A SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE ASSOCIATED WITH A THYRISTOR BRIDGE

ABSTRACT

A synchronous machine associated with a thyristor bridge operates normally under unbalanced conditions which are described and studied in the present paper. Natural cut-off thyristors is used in the present system where the gates of thyristors are controlled by the rotor position. It is assumed that the machine has salient poles and damper windings. Both motor and generator operations are contemplated.

An analytical approach has been used, and the exact shape of the currents has been considered. The commutation problem is studied in detail, taking into consideration the transient effects of the armature circuits and the limited value of the smoothing reactor. The different expressions are given in terms of the classical machine constants which can be directly measured or furnished by the manufacturer. Comparison between theoretical and practical results are given.     

Design and performance of a digitally based voltage controller forcorrecting phase unbalance in induction machines

The case of unbalanced supply presents a uniquely difficult problem in motor applications since its causes are varied. In many situations a static starter utilizing back-to-back thyristors in series with the motor lines is already installed for the purpose of soft starting or for power factor improvement. An attractive low-cost solution for phase unbalance is simply to modify the control strategy of the static starter by adjusting the firing angles of the three thyristors pairs independently. In this manner, the series connected thyristors serve the function of unsymmetrical, variable supply impedances which can be used to balance the voltage across the motor phases. A new digital controller utilizing a static starter for balancing the phase currents of an induction motor operating with unbalanced supply is presented. Experimental results show a marked reduction in the current unbalance from approximately 40% to a few percent and clearly demonstrate the attractiveness of the new phase balancer     

异步电动机软起动器的研究

异步电动机软起动器以其软起动能力和其他一些优点而广泛用于起动异步电动机。本文分析了异步电动机软起动器的电路结构。介绍了一种利用晶闸管两端电压信号来确定软起动结束点的方法。提出了在异步电动机供电不平衡的情况下平衡相间电流的方法,给出了晶闸管故障检测的方法。     

New DC Chopper Circuits Using Fast-Switching Reverse-Conducting Thyristors for Low-Voltage DC Motor Control

Fast- switching reverse-conducting thyristors have been developed and used in dc chopper apparatus to control the speed of highvoltage dc traction motors. The newly developed dc chopper circuit and its application for low-voltage dc motor control are discussed. The fast-switching reverse-conducting thyristor is utilized as the main thyristor to control load current.     

Thyristor DC Switch Inverter

The thyristor inverter induction motor drive devised, analyzed, and experimentally evaluated in this investigation has a new thyristor commutating technique where the dc bus current is interrupted periodically by a thyristor dc switch to commutate all the inverter thyristors.     

软起动器装置晶闸管触发系统的设计

介绍了软起动器装置中晶闸管触发系统的设计。重点阐述了软起动器的工作原理、软硬件设计、触发时序设计和波形分析。通过对串接于三相电网与三相异步电动机之间的三路反并联晶闸管的触发角度和时序控制,解决了电动机直接起动时产生的冲击电流和冲击转矩问题。     

Extended high-speed operation via electronic winding-change method for AC motors

In many applications, it is often needed to extend the speed range of an electric motor. In permanent-magnet ac motors (PMAC), the maximum speed is limited by the available voltage for a given counter electromotive force value. The extension of the speed range can be achieved to some extent by using the field-weakening principle, resulting in constant-power characteristics, but is limited by machine parameters and inverter rating. In an induction-motor-based spindle drive for machine-tool applications, the wye/delta switchover method remains popular for extending the constant-power range without sacrificing the torque capability at higher speeds. Conventionally, the wye/delta method employs mechanical contactors that have limited life and are associated with dead time in the range of tens to hundreds of milliseconds due to mechanical constraints. Power-electronic versions of the contactors have been proposed, but they are rather complicated and involve many switching devices. This paper describes a novel and simple switching technique involving only two three-phase diode bridges and two insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches to extend the speed range of ac machines (induction as well as permanent-magnet type). The proposed method requires a center tap to be placed in each phase of the motor with access to the ends and the center tap, making the motor a nine-lead machine. Test results carried out on a nonsalient-type PMAC motor and an induction motor are given to support the idea.     

新型不对称接线三相变四相平衡变压器

提出了一种新颖实用的三相绕组接线互不对称的三相变四相平衡变压器。阐述了该变压器的接线方案,采用三相三芯柱式结构,A相芯柱有5个绕组,B相芯柱有3个绕组,C相芯柱有5个绕组但匝数结构与A相不同,三相绕组互不相同。建立了数学模型,推导出一次侧中性点电流的平衡条件并导出了一次侧和二次侧绕组间的电流和电压关系。仿真验证了上述理论推导的正确性和可行性。该新型平衡变压器一次侧中性点可接地,二次侧由双闭合三角形构成3次谐波电流回路,能有效改善电压波形,接线较简单,材料利用率高,综合性能良好,特别适用于电气化铁道自耦变压器(AT)供电方式和四相输电系统,具有良好的应用前景。     

晶闸管控制感应电机起动过程中振荡现象研究

针对晶闸管控制的感应电机在轻载软起动过程中常会出现振荡现象，建立了晶闸管控制的感应电机的模型，通过仿真研究了电机起动过程中的振荡现象。提出了一种实用的晶闸管触发方法，这种方法以电流的过零时刻作为触发基准，保证起动过程中电流的关断角稳定。仿真和工程实践表明，这种方法能抑制电机起动过程中的振荡，从而改善电机软起动器的性能。     

新型接法的三绕组单相电动机

在单相供电系统中,当电动机额定功率大于0.5 kW时,采用普通单相感应电动机是不经济的,为此提出一种新型连接方式的三绕组单相感应电动机,该接法对Y接法三相感应电动机的6个出线头进行改接,并与2个电容器相连接,改变了绕组中电流的相位,使三相电机在单相供电系统中实现接近对称运行。采用对称分量法研究该连接方式下电机对称运行需要满足的条件,讨论对称运行条件下电容的选择及其对电机性能的影响,推导了该电机性能计算的具体方法。针对该连接方式进行试验研究,并与三相对称运行进行比较。样机试验证明,新型接法三绕组电机的效率接近三相电动机在三相电源上对称运行的效率,且具有更高的功率因数,可替代普通单相感应电动机。     

含中性点参数的三相变压器建模及其在潮流计算中的应用

建立变压器的三相模型对于配电网潮流计算非常重要。针对传统的关联矩阵法不再适用于中性点不接地星形接线的变压器的问题,文中提出计及中性点的三相变压器模型,此模型可以用关联矩阵法求得,应用于潮流计算可以直接方便地求出变压器中性点电压。当不接地星形接线方式的变压器模型含有中性点参数时,可以用关联矩阵借助转换矩阵推导所有连接组别的三相变压器模型,使得变压器模型的推导更加简洁。IEEE-4节点标准测试系统的计算结果验证了所建变压器模型的正确性与有效性。     

自耦补偿与谐波屏蔽换流变压器的接线方案和原理研究

针对传统换流变压器和滤波方式存在的问题,对一种新型的自耦补偿与谐波屏蔽换流变压器进行研究.该换流变压器阀侧绕组采用延边三角形接线,为3倍次谐波电流提供通路;通过匝比配合,实现12脉波换流;其延边绕组与公共绕组构成自耦变压器接线,可减少换流器换向时的电流冲击;在公共绕组上连接滤波支路,并调至谐振点,配之以变压器巧妙的零阻抗设计,可以在阀侧实现无功补偿,可实现网侧绕组中无5、7、11、13次特征谐波,即谐波屏蔽.仿真结果表明论文的理论分析正确;这种新型换流变压器可大大减少网侧绕组中的谐波含量,降低谐波在变压器中引起的损耗和噪音,同时可降低换流变压器的设计容量和绝缘设计的难度,将有很好的应用前景.     

三绕组单相感应电动机的性能分析与实验研究

针对三相感应电动机可以替代单相电动机接于单相电网运行,提出将三相感应电动机的一相绕组与电容器串联后再与另外一相绕组并联,然后与第三相绕组串联,构成Y接法三绕组单相感应电动机。基于等效电流法,对三绕组单相感应电动机的运行性能进行研究,建立三绕组对称运行的条件,分析匹配电容对电机性能的影响。结果表明由于电容器的影响,无法实现严格对称运行,提出依据额定负载下电磁转矩最大为目标函数的电容器优化方法。采用该联结方式在一台2.2 kW电机上进行了实验,结果表明选择适当的电容将提高电机的效率,与三相对称电机在三相对称电源上的运行相比较,该接法的电机具有较高的功率因数,且效率接近三相对称运行时的效率。     

变压器三角形绕组中环流的构造方法

由于Y,d接线变压器中三角形（△）侧绕组电流不易测量,使得变压器差动保护中存在电流相位补偿的问题,由此计算出的差流不能很好地反映本相励磁涌流的特征,也限制了基于等效瞬时电感变化的励磁涌流判据的应用范围。文中根据两侧绕组的电压方程,推导出△侧绕组环流与星形（Y）侧零序电压和电流之间的关系,提出了一种用于构造Y,d接线变压器中△侧绕组环流的方法,该方法与Y侧绕组接地方式无关,具有广泛的适用性。仿真与动模实验验证了该方法的正确性与有效性,结果分析表明,该方法有利于等效瞬时电感的计算及相关励磁涌流判据的实施。     

串联晶闸管反向恢复暂态过程的研究

随着柔性交流输电和高压直流输电设备在电力系统中的应用越来越广泛,由晶闸管主要组成的高电压大电流电子开关越来越成为人们关注的对象。虽然有不少文献对晶闸管模型研究及其外围电路设计进行了介绍,但有关串联晶闸管反向恢复暂态过程的研究还未见报道。文章在晶闸管反向恢复电流指数函数数学模型的基础之上,对串联的2个晶闸管的反向恢复暂态过程进行了暂态分析、数学推导以及仿真等研究。计算和仿真结果表明,暂态分析是正确的,在一定的精度范围内数学计算公式的假设也是合理的。