TiAl合金表面激光重熔纳米陶瓷涂层

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在TiA l合金表面制备了纳米A l2O3-13wt%TiO2复合陶瓷涂层。为了使重熔后的陶瓷涂层保留一定的纳米结构组织,采用相对较低的激光功率和能量密度进行重熔。用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层形貌、微观结构和相组成。结果表明,等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层由纳米颗粒完全熔化区和部分熔化区两部分组成,具有等离子喷涂态的典型层状结构;由于受到激光功率、能量密度、陶瓷材料热物性参数和涂层厚度等因素的综合影响,重熔后陶瓷涂层出现了明显的分层结构特征;依据组织形态的不同,可将其大致分为:重熔区、烧结区和残余等离子喷涂区。重熔区由致密细小的等轴晶组成,并且保留了部分来源于原等离子喷涂部分熔化区的残留纳米粒子。由于等离子喷涂过程中涂层沉积时的快速凝固作用,涂层以亚稳相-γA l2O3为主,经过激光重熔处理后,-γA l2O3又重新转变为稳定相-αA l2O3。     

等离子喷涂纳米ZrO2复合陶瓷涂层冲蚀行为

以常规和纳米团聚体ZrO3-7wt%Y2O3复合陶瓷粉末为材料,采用等离子喷涂工艺在TC4钛合金表面制备了常规和纳米结构陶瓷涂层,并对其进行冲蚀实验,研究了涂层微观组织和性能对涂层抗冲蚀性能的影响,以及不同工艺参数下涂层冲蚀性能.用扫描电镜(SEM)和XRD分析了涂层组分和微观结构,同时利用显微硬度计对涂层的硬度进行了测试.结果表明,等离子喷涂纳米ZrO2涂层抗冲蚀性能明显高于常规ZrO2涂层.当冲蚀角为90°时冲蚀失重最大,表现为脆性冲蚀,随着速度的增大冲蚀失重也随之增加.等离子喷涂纳米ZrO2涂层由熔化区和部分熔化区组成,部分熔化区属微纳米结构,熔化区在沉积急冷和冲击应力的作用下会形成细晶,微纳米结构与细晶共同作用下的纳米陶瓷涂层的平均粒度将远远小于常规陶瓷涂层的平均粒度,使其硬度增加;微纳米区域在涂层中其局部晶界的强度特别高,裂纹难以沿着晶界扩展,起到了良好的增韧的作用,硬度和韧性的提高使涂层的抗冲蚀性能增强.     

材料结构与制备工艺对热障涂层显微组织的影响

以常规和纳米团聚体ZrO2-7%Y2O3陶瓷粉末为原料,采用等离子喷涂和等离子喷涂+激光重熔复合工艺在TiAl合金表面制备了常规和纳米结构热障涂层。用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了粉末结构及制备工艺对涂层显微组织的影响。结果表明:用常规等离子喷涂法制备的陶瓷涂层为典型的层状堆积特征;而用等离子喷涂法制备的纳米结构涂层则由纳米颗粒完全熔化区和部分熔化区组成,呈两相结构。由于受到激光功率、能量密度、激光作用区温度场分布、陶瓷导热系数和涂层厚度等因素的综合影响,经激光重熔后,涂层呈现出明显的分层结构特征:上部为致密的柱状晶重熔区,下部为残余等离子喷涂区。由于激光重熔纳米结构涂层重熔区中残余纳米粒子的增韧作用,其晶界强度较高,从而导致断口有相当数量的穿晶断裂,而激光重熔常规涂层重熔区的断口基本是沿晶断裂。     

等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-13TiO2陶瓷涂层研究

以常规和纳米团聚体Al2O3-13TiO2(ω/%,下同)复合陶瓷粉末为原料,采用等离子喷涂工艺在TiAl合金表面制备常规和纳米结构陶瓷涂层.用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)仪分析粉末和涂层形貌、微观结构及相组成,同时对纳米结构涂层的微观组织形成机制进行了讨论.结果表明:常规复合陶瓷涂层呈典型的等离子喷涂层状堆积特征;纳米结构复合陶瓷涂层由部分熔化区以及与常规等离子喷涂类似的片层状完全熔化区组成.根据组织结构的不同,部分熔化区又分为亚微米A12O3粒子镶嵌在TiO2基质相的三维网状或骨骼状结构的液相烧结区和经过一定长大但仍保持在纳米尺度的残留纳米粒子的固相烧结区,不同的部分熔化组织源于复合陶瓷粉末中A12O3与TiO2之间的熔点差异.由于等离子喷涂过程中涂层沉积时的快速凝固作用,不管是常规还是纳米涂层都以亚稳相γ-A12O3为主.     

激光重熔等离子喷涂WC颗粒增强镍基涂层组织及高温磨损性能

为了提高等离子喷涂WC颗粒增强镍基涂层的性能,采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织和性能的影响．用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和显微硬度计分析了涂层表面形貌、微观结构、相组成和显微硬度,同时对涂层的高温摩擦磨损特性进行了考察．结果表明,激光重熔消除了等离子喷涂层的层片状结构、孔隙等缺陷,涂层致密度提高;另外在激光高能量密度作用下,WC颗粒部分熔化,并在周围析出枝晶结构．激光重熔处理后涂层的显微硬度明显提高,其磨损性能也显著高于原等离子喷涂层．     

喷涂参数对Al2O3-13wt% TiO2纳米涂层组织和性能的影响

研究了等离子喷涂特征参数(CPSP)对Al2O3-13wt%TiO2纳米涂层相组成、微观组织和性能的影响.结果表明,纳米涂层含有αAl2O3、γ-Al2O3和金红石结构TiO2,其微观组织由全熔柱状晶区域和纳米结构的部分熔化区域组成.部分熔化区形貌与CPSP有关,低CPSP时主要为球状和部分条状,高CPSP条件下基本上都是不规则条状或块状.随CPSP增加,纳米涂层的结构缺陷减少,致密度提高.不同CPSP获得的纳米涂层的显微硬度和韧性均高于传统涂层,但CPSP过低或过高时,涂层中结构缺陷或结晶相较多,导致硬度和韧性降低.纳米涂层的耐磨性也随CPSP的变化而改变,并与涂层的组织、硬度和韧性的变化相对应.     

激光重熔双模态Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层的组织与性能

采用普通Metco 130粉末及纳米结构Al2O3-13％ TiO2粉末通过等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合技术分别在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备了激光重熔涂层.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和维氏硬度计等手段观察和研究了激光重熔前后涂层的微观组织和硬度.结果表明,激光重熔后,消除了等离子喷涂涂层的层状结构,获得了致密的重熔涂层,且纳米结构重熔涂层传承了喷涂态涂层的双模态组织特征.随着扫描速度的降低,涂层表面的致密度提高.纳米结构重熔涂层的硬度为1150 HV0.3至1750 HV 0.3,比重熔之前的喷涂态涂层约提高了60％.     

钛合金表面激光重熔等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层研究

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在钛合金(TC4)表面制备了Al2O3+13%TiO2质量分数陶瓷涂层,研究了激光重熔对陶瓷涂层的微观结构、显微硬度及结合强度的影响.结果表明经激光重熔以后,基本消除了由于等离子喷涂形成的层状堆积结构,涂层表面形成了均匀细密的棒状组织,大幅减少了孔隙率.经过实验检测.激光重熔后的涂层结合力比喷涂涂层的提高近2倍.     

特征喷涂参数对等离子喷涂纳米 Al2 O3 -13%TiO2涂层微观结构及耐磨性能的影响

目的研究等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2的特征喷涂参数(CPSP)对涂层微观结构及耐磨性能的影响,探索更合理的等离子喷涂工艺参数。方法采用等离子喷涂,在Q235钢表面制备过渡层为NiCrAl、陶瓷层为纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2的涂层系统。对涂层试样进行高温和常温磨损性能测试,并对比分析喷涂粉末、涂层的微观结构和相组成。结果纳米涂层为微观双模结构,由部分熔化区和完全熔化区组成,存在裂纹、孔隙等缺陷,其主要物相为α-Al2O3,γ-Al2O3和rutile-TiO2。纳米涂层磨损失效的主要原因是内部板条的分层剥落和涂层表面材料的塑性变形切削。结论随着CPSP的增大,纳米涂层的耐磨性能增强,且高温磨损性能较室温磨损性能为差。纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层微观结构中部分熔化区结构和纳米晶粒的存在显著提高了涂层的耐磨性。     

等离子喷涂Al2O3/TiO2纳米陶瓷复合涂层的微观结构及性能

采用等离子喷涂技术制备了不同成分的Al2O3/TiO2纳米陶瓷复合涂层,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机等分析测试手段研究了纳米陶瓷复合涂层的微观结构与性能.结果表明:纳米陶瓷复合涂层中Al2O3以α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3两相共存的形式存在,且γ-Al2O3的含量随喷涂功率的增加而增加,而涂层中的TiO2则以金红石型存在;其微结构为完全熔化区的片状微观组织和部分熔化区的纳米级颗粒共存的组织;等离子喷涂功率和TiO2含量对涂层的硬度和耐磨性能均有显著的影响.     

YPSZ等离子涂层激光重熔组织性能

采用CO2激光焊接试验系统对YPSZ(8%Y2O3-ZrO2)等离子涂层进行了激光重熔,并对涂层进行了微观组织与性能分析.结果表明,经激光重熔后YPSZ涂层气孔和微裂纹明显减少,组织均匀致密,表面粗糙度低,强度和韧度提高.涂层硬度的变化与重熔过程中涂层相成分转变有关,经激光重熔处理后YPSZ涂层中主要相成分为t-ZrO2和少量的c-ZrO2,t-ZrO2具有较高的强度和韧度是改善涂层的表面力学性能的主要因素.     

等离子喷涂纳米结构Al2O3/TiO2涂层的组织与性能研究

采用液相喷雾造粒的方法将纳米级Al2O3／TiO2颗粒团聚成适用于等离子喷涂的微米级粉体。并利用等离子喷涂技术成功地制备出含有纳米结构的陶瓷涂层。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和显微硬度计等设备对涂层的微观结构和性能进行检测。结果表明，所制备的涂层中含有适当比例的未熔或半熔的纳米颗粒。涂层的硬度、韧性和耐磨性等性能与传统涂层相比都有了较大的提高。     

用激光重熔法提高铝硅合金的耐磨性

研究了激光重熔3种火焰喷涂层的强化效果。分析了激光重熔前后涂层的化学成分、显微组织、相结构以及显微硬度变化，进行了涂层的磨损试验。结果表明，激光重熔使涂层显微组织细化，质量明显改善，耐磨性能明显提高。     

Microstructure and corrosion properties of plasma-sprayed NiCr-Cr3C2 coatings comparison with different post treatment

The effects of laser and plasma arc remelting on the microstructure and properties of plasma-sprayed NiCr-Cr₃C₂ coatings on steel substrates have been investigated. The microstructure of the coatings has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is found that the Cr₃C₂, δ-(Cr,Ni), Cr₇C₃ and Cr₂₃C₆ phases were obtained for both coatings, before and after remelting treatment. The laser remelting was operated in a continuous way with 800 W power in different scan speed, while the plasma arc remelting was operated with a plasma cladding machine under different scan currents. However, the denser microstructure of both remelted coatings can be obtained, especially for the plasma arc remelted coating. The Vickers microhardness measurement showed certain enhancement values for both remelted coatings. The corrosion behavior was evaluated through salt spray corrosion (SSC) method. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that the chloride was produced during SSC process. The higher corrosion resistance for plasma arc remelted coating may be due to the more compact microstructure, less porosity rate and tensile residual stress. Compared with laser remelting method, plasma arc remelting is a cheap, convenient and effective remelting method.     

等温淬火处理对感应重熔镍基合金涂层摩擦学性能的影响

目的改善镍基合金涂层的摩擦学性能。方法分别采用感应重熔工艺及感应重熔-等温淬火一体化工艺,在GCr15钢基体表面制备了两种镍基合金涂层,并通过销盘摩擦磨损试验、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度测试对其摩擦磨损性能、微观组织、表面硬度进行了对比研究,探讨了等温淬火处理对感应重熔镍基合金涂层摩擦学性能、微观组织、表面硬度的影响,揭示了其增强机理。结果经等温淬火后的重熔涂层比感应重熔涂层具有更低的摩擦系数和磨损失重,摩擦稳定阶段的摩擦系数为0.301,比后者低23.8%,相对耐磨性是后者的1.71倍。感应重熔涂层同时存在着磨粒磨损和粘着磨损两种机制,而经等温淬火后的重熔涂层以磨粒磨损为主,比前者具有更优异的抵抗磨粒磨损和粘着磨损的能力。感应重熔涂层及经等温淬火处理后的重熔涂层平均显微硬度分别为818.0、873.6HV(0.5),硬度极差分别为170.9、132.6HV(0.5),形状参数分别为18.5057、22.6189,后者比前者具有更高的平均硬度值、更小的硬度极差以及更加稳定的涂层性能。经过微观组织分析发现,重熔涂层在经等温淬火处理后,其晶粒的细化、硬质相的相对均质弥散性、共晶相的减少、丰富的耐磨陶瓷相和快速凝固的定向晶粒结构的协同作用,是其具有优异的显微硬度Weibull分布特性,以及耐磨性得到进一步提高的根本原因。结论合适的等温淬火热处理工艺能够改善感应重熔镍基合金涂层的微观组织,从而有效减小其摩擦系数,并提高其耐磨性。     

Deposition of Al2O3-TiO2 Nanostructured Powders by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

Al₂O₃-13%TiO₂ coatings were deposited on stainless steel substrates from conventional and nanostructured powders using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). A complete characterization of the feedstock confirmed its nanostructured nature. Coating microstructures and phase compositions were characterized using SEM, TEM, and XRD techniques. The microstructure comprised two clearly differentiated regions. One region, completely fused, consisted mainly of nanometer-sized grains of γ-Al₂O₃ with dissolved Ti⁺⁴. The other region, partly fused, retained the microstructure of the starting powder and was principally made up of submicrometer-sized grains of α-Al₂O₃, as confirmed by TEM. Coating microhardness as well as tribological behavior were determined. Vickers microhardness values of conventional coatings were in average slightly lower than the values for nanostructured coating. The wear resistance of conventional coatings was shown to be lower than that of nanostructured coatings as a consequence of Ti segregation. A correlation between the final properties, the coating microstructure, and the feedstock characteristics is given.     

激光熔覆和重熔制备Fe-Ni-B-Si-Nb系非晶纳米晶复合涂层

采用激光熔覆和重熔的方法在低碳钢CCS-B上制备Fe-Ni-Si-B-Nb系非晶纳米晶复合涂层。利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、EDAX能谱及透射电镜分析涂层的物相、组织结构,运用显微硬度计、纳米压痕仪及摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的显微硬度分布、微观力学性能及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:熔覆层的组织由表面至基体分为非晶纳米晶复合区、熔覆层与基体,其中,复合区为Fe2B、γ-(Fe,Ni)多晶和非晶相的混合组织;涂层的最高显微硬度达到了1 369 HV;涂层的平均摩擦因数为0.275;涂层的主要磨损形式是磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,具有良好的摩擦磨损性能。     

Laser Surface Remelting of Fe-based Alloy Coating Deposited by APS

The Fe-based amorphous alloy coatings with different porosities were deposited on Q235 steel substrates by means of atmospheric plasma spraying(APS).The as-sprayed coatings were remelted by the facility of a Nd:YAG laser to further enhance their compactness and bonding strength via orthogonal experiment design.The effects of laser remelting on the microstructure,phase compositions and mechanical properties of the as-sprayed coatings were investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction and Vickers microhardness tester.The corrosion performance of the coatings was evaluated by both potential dynamic measurements(PDM)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)in a 10%NaOH solution.The results indicate that laser power of 700 W,scanning velocity of 4 mm/s,beam size of 3 mm and porosity of 1.19%are the optimized remelting process parameters.The laser-remelted coatings exhibite more homogenous structure as strong metallurgical bonding to substrates.The amorphous phases in the as-sprayed coatings crystallize toα-Fe,Fe2Si,Fe3.5B,and Fe2W phases for the high temperature and rapid solidification in the remelting process.The microhardness values of as-sprayed are in the range of 700-800 HV0.1,while the microhardness values of the remelted coatings are enhanced slightly to 750-850 HV0.1.Both PDM and EIS analysis results show that the remelted coatings exhibite relatively excellent corrosion resistance compared with the stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti,however the corrosion resistance of the remelted coatings is inferior to the as-sprayed amorphous coatings.