中国钢桥

介绍了我国钢桥的发展及国内外的钢桥比较;论述了建造钢桥的钢材及其要求的化学成分和物理力学性能。     

模具钢的发展与应用

综述了冷作模具钢、热作模具钢、塑料模具钢的发展状况及其应用,同时对这三种模具钢发展的新钢种进行了详细的阐述,并对今后模具钢的研发进行了展望。     

加热温度和冷却速度对35VS非调质易切钢组织和性能的影响

本文对各种加热温度及冷却速度下的由第一汽车厂和大连钢厂联合开发,研制的35VS非调质易切钢的组织和性能进行了研究,结果完明,珠光体体积百分数和冷却速度有关,但奥氏体晶粒尺寸随着加热温度升高而增加,并在1050℃时发生突然长大,珠光体片层间距随冷却速度的增加而减少,铁素体的显微硬度明显高于35钢中铁素体的硬度。室温强度指标σb6和σ0:2随加热温度的升高而增加,室温塑性指标和δ随加热温度升高而降低,在性能和冷却速度关系曲线中,当冷却速度为60℃/min时,35VS钢具有较好的塑性,这种冷却速度下得到的组织呈魏氏组织。     

应用GB／T224—87标准时应注意的问题

从理论和实践阐述了在应用ＧＢ／Ｔ２２４－８７《钢的脱碳层深度测定法》中应注意的几个问题。     

低温用3.5Ni钢的焊接工艺

以试验结果为依据，阐述了３．５Ｎｉ钢焊接中所要解决的关键问题，提出了对母材、焊材的要求及相应的工艺原则，给出了有利于改善接头低温韧性的手工电弧焊、埋弧焊、钨极氩弧焊及焊后热处理的工艺参数。     

宝钢纯净钢生产技术的进步

论述了钢中碳、氮、氧、磷、硫以及夹杂物控制方面的技术进步，讨论了IF钢、管线钢所达到的纯净度纵使水平。     

The unique features of textures in low-carbon steels

Textures in low-carbon steels are of great significance in view of their strong influence on important physical properties such as formability and magnetic induction. Recent studies on the formation and evolution of textures through different processing stages of hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing have brought out many unique features, e.g. presence of complete and almost ideal fibre axes, inheritance of texture, texture memory effect and parallels between single crystal and polycrystalline situations. In particular, it has been possible to develop a fairly cogent picture of the genesis and perpetuation of the Goss texture.     

T92/Super304H异种钢焊接接头的性能研究

根据新型耐热钢T92和Super304H钢的焊接特点制定了适宜的焊接工艺,研究了焊制的T92/Su-per304H异种钢焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明,T92/Super304H异种钢接头的各项力学性均能满足使用要求。焊缝金属的韧性远低于T92钢侧热影响区,焊缝金属的结晶形态对焊缝韧性有很大的影响。焊接接头中焊缝金属的硬度值最高,而T92钢侧热影响区硬度最低,并且不同热影响区部位显微硬度变化较大,Super304H钢侧热影响区硬度变化不大。     

0Cr13Ni5Mo/Q345C马氏体不锈钢复合板的焊接性

分析了 0Cr13Ni5Mo/Q345C马氏体不锈钢复合板的焊接性。通过抗裂性试验、复合板补焊及复合板对接焊、焊接工艺评定 ,提出了该复合板配套的焊接材料及可行的焊接工艺 ,按此工艺焊接的 0Cr13Ni5Mo/Q345C复合钢板接头的力学性能满足技术指标的要求。     

Nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications

Abstract

The adverse effects of nickel ions being released into the human body have prompted the development of high-nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steels for medical applications. Nitrogen not only replaces nickel for austenitic structure stability but also much improves steel properties. Here we review the harmful effects associated with nickel in medical stainless steels, the advantages of nitrogen in stainless steels, and emphatically, the development of high-nitrogen nickel-free stainless steels for medical applications. By combining the benefits of stable austenitic structure, high strength and good plasticity, better corrosion and wear resistances, and superior biocompatibility compared to the currently used 316L stainless steel, the newly developed high-nitrogen nickel-free stainless steel is a reliable substitute for the conventional medical stainless steels.     

Resistance Spot Weldability of Dissimilar Materials: BH180-AISI304L Steels and BH180-IF7123 Steels

In this study, resistance spot weldability of 180 grade bake hardening steel (BH180), 7123 grade interstitial free steel (IF7123) and 304 grade austenitic stainless steel (AISI304L) with each other was investigated. In the joining process, electrode pressure and weld current were kept constant and six different weld time were chosen. Microstructure, microhardness, tensile-shear properties and fracture types of resistance spot welded joints were examined. In order to characterize the metallurgical structure of the welded joint, the microstructural profile was developed, and the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure was determined. The change of weld time, nugget diameter, the HAZ (heat affected zone) width and the electrode immersion depth were also investigated. Welded joints were examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) images of fracture surface. As a result of the experiment, it was determined that with increasing weld time, tensile shear load bearing capacity (TLBC) increased with weld time up to 25 cycle and two types of tearing occurred. It was also determined that while the failure occurred from IF side at the BH180+IF7123 joint, it occurred from the BH180 side at the BH180+AISI304L joint.     

含钒洁净钢的混晶研究

研究了电渣重熔４０ＣｒＮｉ３ＮｏＶＡ和８６ＣｒＭｏＶ７Ａ钢的混晶特征及形成原因。该类钢的混晶不同钢中常见的混晶，大晶粒与小晶粒尺寸差异大且各成一区域，区域间界限较明显，形成这一特征的主要原因是钢中钒的枝晶偏析。     

贝氏体钢疲劳性能的研究进展

本文介绍了贝氏体钢的滚动接触疲劳裂纹,比较了贝氏体钢、珠光体钢和高锰钢的抗疲劳性能．     

钢制管材在空调水系统中的选型及应用

阐述了空调水系统中几种常用钢管管材的应用范围和不同连接方式;分析了开式空调水系统和闭式空调水系统之间的区别,并结合不同的空调水处理方式给出了不同的空调水系统中推荐应用的钢管管材及其连接方式和几点应用原则。     

我国高品质船舶、海洋工程用钢研究进展

在介绍船舶、海洋工程用钢基本性能要求的基础上,重点介绍了具有代表性的原油船货油舱用耐蚀钢及大热输入量焊接用钢的材料特征、技术难点及研究进展。在比较国内外船舶和海洋工程用钢开发差距的基础上,提出了我国发展这两种钢的对策。     

武钢大线能量焊接系列钢的研发进展

提出了氧氮化物和氧硫化物冶金新思路、新原理,发明了高熔点第二相质点诱导相变技术,突破了钢铁材料不能承受大线能量焊接的难关,从技术背景、冶金原理、技术关键及应用情况等方面详细介绍了武钢近年来自主研发的大线能量低焊接裂纹敏感性钢、大线能量焊接高强度钢、大线能量焊接低温钢、大线能量焊接耐火耐候钢、大线能量焊接抗震钢等系列钢种。该系列钢的集成技术及产业化应用,为我国该系列钢的需求提供了技术支撑,有效带动了我国有关钢厂对高性能高技术含量钢材的研发和生产,结束了大线能量焊接钢长期依赖进口并受制于人的历史。     

Aging of a copper bearing HSLA-100 steel

Investigations were carried out on aging of a HSLA-100 steel after varying amounts of cold deformation. Mechanical properties (hardness, tensile properties and toughness) were measured and structural changes were studied using optical, TEM and SEM techniques. As a result of various treatments, the hardness and UTS could be significantly improved, but with drastic fall in ductility and impact strength, especially in peak aged conditions. The parameters affecting impact strength were examined and it was concluded that various microstructural features affected toughness through their influence on tensile properties. In this steel the impact strength could be improved by lowering the UTS and increasing the ductility (pct elongation). The improvement in hardness and UTS was attributed to formation of thick precipitate-dislocation tangles. The aging process caused a slow transformation of lath martensite into acicular ferrite due to occurrence of in situ recrystallization. The concentration of Cu in particles precipitating on aging was followed using EDAX technique.     

溶解氧对碳锰钢点蚀电位测定的影响

选择常用的碳素船体钢和锰系船体钢各一种,在除氧及不除氧的3%NaC l溶液中进行了极化试验,测定了钢的点蚀电位,并利用电子探针分析了腐蚀形貌。结果表明,钢样在除氧溶液中的阳极极化是典型的钝化-点蚀过程;在相同的电位区间,钢样在不除氧的溶液中的表观极化行为与前者截然不同,但是钢样自身的极化过程仍是钝化-点蚀过程,点蚀仍是由钢中的夹杂物诱发,所测点蚀电位值比溶液除氧条件下的结果更正;在有溶解氧条件下测得的点蚀电位同样可以比较不同钢之间的点蚀诱发敏感性,其结果更方便、准确。     

碳钢和低合金钢模拟坑孔腐蚀试验方法研究

采用模拟坑孔腐蚀的闭塞电池法对其耐蚀性进行评价,选用两种典型的碳素船体钢及4种不同的坑孔溶液条件,并结合电化学极化和显微腐蚀形貌观察,对其闭塞电池试验方法进行了研究,结果表明,坑孔溶液为pH=4、质量浓度为3%的NaC l具有较好的模拟性与可操作性,闭塞电池试验结果与挂片结果有较好的对应性。     

医用不锈钢的研究与发展

不锈钢由于具有优异的力学性能、耐蚀性能和加工性能而被广泛应用于各种医疗器械及手术工具的制造。概述了医用不锈钢的特点和临床应用,以及存在的主要问题,并以高氮无镍奥氏体不锈钢、不锈钢表面改性、抗菌不锈钢为重点,介绍了医用不锈钢近年来在国内外的主要研究进展。表明医用不锈钢的研究与发展,进一步提高或改善了不锈钢的生物安全性、力学性能、耐蚀性能,甚至带来了一些生物功能化,为医用不锈钢的临床应用带来了新的机遇。