钛合金表面激光熔覆原位生成TiC增强复合涂层

利用Cr3C2和TiC生成自由能和稳定性的差异,通过激光熔化法在Ti6Al4V表面制备TiC颗粒增强钛基复合材料涂层,结果表明：选择合适的激光处理工艺,可使Cr3C2和Ti合金粉末通过原位结晶置换反应生成TiC/Ti复合材料熔覆层。亚微米级的TiC颗粒均匀地分布于复合材料的基体中,复合材料的基体组织随合金粉末的成分不同而改变。     

TiC/Ti复合材料激光熔覆层的冲击磨粒磨损性能

在Ti6A14V表达通过激光熔覆工艺原位合成TiC/Ti金属基复合材料涂层，其基体组织结构随表层预置合金粉末成分的变化而改变，采用单摆划痕装置测试原位合成TiC/Ti复合材料涂层的冲击磨粒磨损性能，结果表明，与基材Ti6A14V相比复合材料激光熔覆层的抗冲击磨粒磨损性能提高了2倍，且随表层预置粉末中Cr3C2含量的增加，反应生成的TiC含量增加，涂层抗冲击磨料磨损性能提高。     

激光反应合成TiCp/Ti复合材料涂层机理分析

利用大功率脉冲Nd：YAG激光器,在Ti6A14V合金表面制备TiC增强金属基复合材料改性层：分别采用10％质量百分比的W2C,Cr3C2与纯钛粉末混合,通过激光熔化处理工艺,在Ti6A14V表面制备原位合成TiC／Ti金属基复合材料改性层。结果表明,在适宜的激光辐照工艺条件下,随预置合金粉末种类的不同,复合材料基体组织结构分别由单相α-Ti及β-Ti组成,弥散细小的TiC颗粒增强相均匀分布于Ti基复合材料涂层中,熔覆层内增强相与复合材料基体界面洁净,无任何界面反应相生成。     

Ti6Al4V合金表面激光熔覆钛基复合涂层的显微组织研究

在Ti6Al4V合金表面预置Ti和Cr3C2混合粉末,采用横流CO2激光进行熔覆试验,制备出了原位自生的TiC颗粒增强的钛基复合涂层.利用SEM、XRD等手段对激光熔覆层的组织、成分、物相进行了分析,测试了激光熔覆层的显微硬度.结果表明,熔覆层不同位置,组织形态不同,TiC在熔覆层表层以树枝晶形态存在,而在熔覆层底部为近球状颗粒.熔覆层与基材之间形成良好的冶金结合.熔覆层显微硬度在600～800 HV0.5之间,约为基材硬度的2～3倍.     

Ti6Al4V表面激光熔覆NiCrBSi+B4C涂层的组织结构

选用NiCrBSi及2％民C混粉在Ti6Al4V合金表面进行激光熔覆处理，使基体中的Ti和B4C发生化学反应原位生成TiC、TiB2硬质增强相，制备出TiC与TiB2等增强相增强钛基复合材料涂层。综合运用XRD、SEM、EPMA和TEM等分析手段研究了优化熔覆工艺条件下的NiCrBSi＋B4C激光熔覆层的组织结构与相组成，并对复合涂层进行了硬度测试，结果表明：NiCrBSi＋2％B4C熔覆层的微观组织是在γ—Ni和Ni3Ti＋Ni3B共晶的基体上均匀分布着TiB2、TiC、CrB等相的多元组织，激光熔覆层的硬度比Ti6Al4V基体硬度提高到3～4倍。     

感应熔覆原位TiC/Ti复合涂层的结构特征与纳米力学性能

以钛和石墨为原料,采用预置粉末结合高频感应加热熔化的方法在Ti6Al4V基体表面制备了原位自生TiC增强Ti基复合涂层,研究了涂层微观结构、物相构成、纳米力学性能及显微硬度。结果表明,感应熔覆钛基复合涂层表面平整,内部无裂纹和孔隙,与基体形成了冶金结合;熔覆过程中Ti与石墨充分反应生成TiC增强相,涂层基质相由α-Ti和少量β-Ti构成;TiC在涂层内分布均匀,其纳米压痕硬度和弹性模量高达22和280 GPa,较Ti6Al4V基体分别提高18和130 GPa,因此使复合涂层具有较高的硬度。     

激光熔覆Y_2O_3-TiB增强钛基涂层摩擦磨损性能研究

采用激光熔覆快速非平衡合成法制备了原位反应合成Y_2O_3-TiB增强钛基复合材料。采用Y_2O_3、Ti和B的混合粉末在Ti-6Al-4V基体表面激光熔覆制得Y_2O_3-TiB/Ti复合涂层。采用形貌观察、硬度和摩擦磨损测试等方法研究了复合涂层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:熔覆层的硬度为基体材料的2~3倍,添加1%Y_2O_3的激光熔覆涂层硬度和摩擦磨损性较好。     

铝合金表面激光熔覆原位自生TiC增强金属基复合材料涂层

以Ti,SiC混合粉末作为预置合金涂层,采用2kW连续Nd:YAG固体激光器进行激光熔覆处理,在6061铝合金表面借助于接触反应法制备原位生成TiC颗粒增强Al-Ti复合材料涂层。试验结果表明：采用适合的激光辐照工艺参数,可获得增强相TiC弥散分布,以Ti-Al金属间化合物及Al过饱和固溶体为主要组成相的复合材料熔覆层组织。TiC颗粒与复合材料基体润湿良好,熔覆层结晶致密,与6061铝合金基材呈良好的冶金,珂明显地改善铝合金的表面性能。     

TC4合金表面熔覆石墨烯增强钛基复合涂层的组织及性能

目的 通过氩弧熔覆技术在TC4合金表面制备石墨烯增强钛基复合涂层,以改善其耐磨性能.方法 将钛粉和石墨烯在球磨机中充分混合.将混合后的粉末涂覆于TC4合金表面,采用氩弧熔覆技术将预涂覆粉末熔化,制备出陶瓷颗粒增强钛基熔覆层.采用X射线衍射分析仪分析涂层的物相,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜分析熔覆层中颗粒相的组成及分布.采用显微维氏硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机,测试熔覆层的显微硬度和磨损性能.结果 熔覆层厚度可达1 mm,且表面及横截面没有气孔、裂纹等缺陷产生,物相主要包括TiC和 α-Ti.熔覆层中不同区域的组织存在差别,涂层的中上部组织主要为树枝晶,底部组织中树枝晶逐渐减少.熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,组织致密.增强相TiC以颗粒状和花瓣状形式存在.石墨烯增强钛基复合涂层的显微硬度高达845.4HV.在相同磨损条件下,TC4合金基体与熔覆层的磨损量分别是0.153 g和0.0123 g,熔覆层的磨损量明显降低.涂层的磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损.结论 与TC4合金基体对比,熔覆层的显微硬度提高约2.5倍,耐磨性提高12倍.氩弧熔覆原位自生TiC陶瓷颗粒增强钛基熔覆层可显著提高TC4合金表面的耐磨性.     

Ti含量对Fe-Ni-Ti激光熔覆层摩擦性能的影响

目的 研究Ti含量对因瓦合金基熔覆层原位增强的影响。方法 运用半导体激光器制备了Fe-Ni-Ti激光熔覆层,研究了Ti含量对熔覆层的影响。利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪对熔覆层显微组织进行了表征,运用硬度计和摩擦磨损实验机对熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性进行了分析。结果 在Fe-Ni因瓦合金粉末中加入Ti元素,原位生成了TiC/Fe-Ni激光熔覆层,原位TiC对熔覆层基体晶粒具有明显的细化作用。随着Ti含量的增加,复合涂层的晶粒尺寸减小,然后保持稳定。当Ti含量较低时,熔覆层主要由γ-[Fe,Ni]奥氏体组成;当Ti含量达到8%时,熔覆层基体相结构变成了α相,因瓦效应消失,产生了微裂纹和孔洞缺陷。Ti元素最佳添加量为6%,此条件下熔覆层没有裂纹,显微硬度最高,熔覆层耐磨性最好。结论 因瓦合金涂层中添加钛可以形成良好的原位强化,钛的添加量具有最佳值,过量添加钛将消除Fe-Ni合金激光熔覆层特有的因瓦效应,熔覆层磨损机制主要为粘着磨损,兼具磨粒磨损。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.