Fe－Mn－Si－Ni－Co合金中形变应力诱发ε马氏体的稳定化及其对记忆效应的影响

Ｆｅ－２５．６Ｍｎ－５．１Ｓｉ－４．１Ｎｉ－１．８Ｃｏ（ｗｔ％）合金在一８０℃变形时，可逆应变量ε＿ｒ随预应变量ε＿ｔ增大而迅速增大；当ε＿ｔ＞２．５％，增大速度减慢；当４．２％＜ε＿ｔ＜１０．８％，ε＿ｒ基本保持恒定值。逆相变温度Ａ＿ｆ随ε＿ｔ增大而连续升高，但Ａ＿ｓ不随ε＿ｔ变化。应力诱发ε马氏体及其逆相变后的残留显微组织分析表明，应力诱发ε马氏体片在形成过程中因相互交叉产生塑性变形，引起稳定化，是引起多晶Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ系合金可逆应变量低的一个重要原因。文中还讨论了应力诱发ε马氏体稳定化的特点及可能的改善途径。     

母相区时效和热循环对Cu－Zn－Al合金形状记忆特性的影响

采用一种精确测量形状记忆效应（ＳＭＥ）的方法研究了Ｃｕ－２６％Ｚｎ－４％Ａｌ合金８００℃淬火后在母相区１３０，１５０和１７０℃时效以及相变热循环过程ＳＭＥ变化的规律。淬火马氏体进入母相区时效初期回复率迅速升高，达到一个最大值以后随时间开始下降，显示出时效过程中马氏体稳定化效应的消除和贝氏体相变发展这两种机制所引起的相反效果。拘束条件下热循环引起回复率的衰减比起自由状态下要缓慢。这可能是应力的存在有利于诱发马氏体相变，使马氏体回复率显著提高所致。     

母相区时效和热循环对Cu—Zn—Al合金形状记忆特性的影响

采用一种精确测量形状记忆效应（ＳＭＥ）的方法研究了Ｃｕ－２６％Ｚｎ－４％Ａｌ合金８００℃淬火后在母相区１３０，１５０和１７０℃时效以及相变热循环过程ＳＭＥ变化的规律。淬火马氏体进入母相区时效初期回复率迅速升高，达到一个最大值以后随时间开始下降，显示出时效过程中马氏体稳定化效应的消除和贝氏体相变发展这两种机制所引起的相反效果。拘束条件下热循环引起回复率的衰减比起自由状态下要缓慢。这可能是应力的存在有     

淬火温度对冷拉态Fe—18Mn—5Si—8Cr—4Ni合金形状记忆效应的影响

研究了淬火温度对Ｆｅ－１８Ｍｎ－５Ｓｉ－８Ｃｒ－４Ｎｉ记忆合金形状记忆效应和显微组织的影响。结果表明：合金的形状回复率和可回复变形量都随淬火温度的升高而增加,冷加工过程中产生的应力诱发ε马氏体的量随淬火温度的升高而减少,在６５０℃时形状回复率和可回复变形量达到最大值,在７５０℃时应力诱发ε马氏体完全消失,随后形状回复率和可回复变形量随淬火温度的进一步升高而快速下降;但淬火温度高于７５０℃时应力诱发     

Fe基SMA中马氏体随温度变化规律的研究

对Ｆｅ－３０Ｍｎ－６Ｓｉ－５Ｃｒ合金热处理过程中ε－氏体量及形状恢复量随温度变化的研究结果表明：应力诱发ε－马氏体较热诱发马氏体对应更高的转变温度，４５０℃回火热马氏体全部逆转变，应力诱发马氏体则部分残留在基体中、这是该系列合金形状恢复量低的原因之一。     

Co-Ni磁控形状记忆合金的相变及显微结构

Ｃｏ基合金中存在从ｆｃｃ到ｈｃｐ的马氏体相变，其奥氏体－马氏体界面完全共格，层错能较低，马氏体相变的驱动力很小，易通过外磁场诱发ａ／６〈１１２〉Ｓｈｏｃｋｌｅｙ不全位错的移动引起相变而产生对外的应变输出，是一种理想的磁控形状记忆候选材料。本文研究了Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ合金的金相组织和透射电子显微结构，测定了一组Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ合金的马氏体相变及其逆转变温度。研究表明：Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ合金的马氏体组织呈有规则的条片状，马氏体相变温度随Ｎｉ含量的增加而降低，其母相中存在层错，母相的饱和磁化强度高达１２４Ａｍ２·ｋｇ－１，是典型磁控形状记忆材料Ｎｉ２ＭｎＧａ的近两倍。     

Fe—17Mn—10Cr—5Si—4Ni合金低温应力诱发相变特点及其形状记？…

用Ｘ射线衍射分析、显微组织观察等研究了Ｆｅ－１７Ｍｎ－１０Ｃｒ－５Ｓｉ－４Ｎｉ合金在低温（低于室温）下应力诱发相变的特点及其形状记忆效应。合金在室温拉伸变形时,当应变量超过５％由于应力诱发ε马氏体的相变作用而形成的α′马氏体;当变形温度低于室温时应力优先诱发γ－α′马氏体转变。正是这种应力诱发相应特征的转变使合金的形状记忆效应在室温以下出现奇特低谷。     

Ti—25Al—10Nb—3V—1Mo合金的高周疲劳性能及断裂特征

实验测定了Ｔｉ－２５Ａｌ－１０Ｎｂ－３Ｖ－１Ｍｏ合金６５０℃下高周疲劳Ｓ－Ｎ曲线及热暴露后合金的疲劳性能。结果表明，Ｔｉ－２５Ａｌ－１０Ｎｂ－３Ｖ－１Ｍｏ合金具有较高的疲劳强度，可以满足转子零件的要求。对比光滑和缺口试样的高周疲劳性能，可以看出该合金缺口敏感程度高，且随着应力水平的增加而增大。     

NiTi形状记忆合金丝在Al基复合材料中的约束态马氏体逆相变特征

利用DSC,XRD,SEM等实验手段研究了NiTi记忆合金丝在铝基体约束状态下的马氏体逆相变特征。研究结果表明,预应变NiTi记忆合金丝在加热过程中发生两种马氏体逆相变：热致马氏体逆转变(MT→P)与应力诱发马氏体逆转变(Md→P),其中热致马氏体逆相变温度与未预应变样品基本相同,且不受预应变影响;而应力诱发马氏体向母相转变温度随预应变增加而升高;随预应变增加,热致马氏体与应力诱发马氏体的逆转变量减少。文中引入马氏体变形度概念,并对马氏体在逆转变过程中的变形度变化进行了讨论。     

一种Ti—Mo—Nb—Al钛合金的热处理制度研究

通过分析一种Ｔｉ－Ｍｏ－Ｎｂ－Ａｌ钛合金棒材的室温拉伸性能，确定了该合金的最佳固溶和时效热处理制度结果表明，以８００℃固溶处理加５６０－６００℃时效处理的棒材，可以得到较好的综合拉伸性能。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.