Comparative Interactivity Analysis in Multiview Video Coding Schemes

In a multiview video system, interactivity is important for users and should be considered in the design of multiview video coding (MVC). In this paper, we present an interactivity evaluation model for MVC schemes by using both weighted random graph and Markov approaches. The main factors that affect both the interactivity and rate‐distortion (RD) performances of MVC schemes are analyzed and discussed in detail. By taking these factors into consideration, a new MVC scheme is proposed for high interactivity and RD gains. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has a significant interactivity gain with little coding loss, compared to the state‐of‐the‐art benchmark. As an extension to RD performance analysis, the interactivity evaluation model can be used as a design tool of alternative schemes for a future interactive multiview video system.     

基于虚拟现实的集装箱堆场可视化设计与研究

鉴于当前物流业的飞速发展以及集装箱堆场管理在整个物流枢纽中的重要地位,结合以Multigen Creator和Vega Prime为代表的虚拟现实技术,提出将集装箱堆场三维可视化并进行研究与设计。实现堆场集装箱二、三维可视化,箱体管理、调度、查询、操控过程等人机交互可视化,以及堆场场景搭建及漫游进而增加沉浸感。从而提高集装箱堆场的管理水平,运转效率和人机和谐度。     

Using a serious game to communicate risk and minimize psychological distance regarding environmental pollution

Persuading individuals to engage in pro-environmental behavior is challenging. Interactive media, such as virtual environments and video games, present opportunities to minimize psychological distance and bolster perceived risks associated with environmental threats. In this experiment, we tested the effects of a serious game that allowed users to engage in environmental cleanup. In the virtual environment, participants (N = 190) navigated down a polluted river that was described as geographically and temporally close or distant. The affordance of interactivity, specifically contingency, was also manipulated. Results revealed that feeling psychologically close to the environment led to greater risk perception, which in turn led to more environmental behavior and greater support for environmental policy in the days following the experiment. In terms of interactivity, higher perceptions of contingency led to greater self-efficacy, which also led to more environmental behavior and greater support for environmental policy after the experiment. We discuss implications for environmental communication, science communication, and other prosocial persuasion efforts using interactive media such as serious games and virtual reality.     

How Does Interactivity Persuade? An Experimental Test of Interactivity on Cognitive Absorption,Elaboration, and Attitudes

We explore theoretical mechanisms by which the interactivity of a medium enhances the persuasive potential of messages, by investigating the effects of 2 different types of website interactivity—modality interactivity and message interactivity—on the nature of user engagement with messages. In a 3 (Message Interactivity: High/Medium/Low) × 2 (Modality Interactivity: Slider/Control) factorial experiment (N = 167), we discovered that modality interactivity led to more positive assessment of the interface and greater cognitive absorption, contributing to more favorable attitudes toward the website and even toward the antismoking messages. However, it reduced the amount of message‐related thoughts. In contrast, message interactivity enhanced message elaboration, leading to more positive attitudes among those with low involvement in the message topic.     

Identification Matters: A Moderated Mediation Model of Media Interactivity,Character Identification,and Video Game Violence on Aggression

This study examined the effects of interactivity in violent video games on aggression and tested identification as the moderated mediating mechanism. A total of 169 male undergraduate students participated in a 2 media interactivity (enactive mediation vs. observational mediation) × 2 violence (violent vs. nonviolent) experiment. Results supported a moderated mediation model in which the effect of media interactivity on aggressive affect through identification was moderated by violence. When violence was present, interactive play resulted in higher short‐term aggressive affect through higher character identification than when violence was not present. Additionally, an interaction effect between media interactivity and violence was found for automatic self‐concept in which players associated themselves more with the game character's traits than video viewers.     

The impact of online brand community characteristics on customer engagement: An application of Stimulus-Organism-Response paradigm

The advent of interactive digital platforms has led people to progressively interact on such platforms, urging organizations to create online communities to engage customers with them and with each other to enhance brand loyalty. This study attempts to investigate what motivates customers to engage in these brand communities. Through a questionnaire survey of 430 Facebook users, this study investigates whether and how the unique characteristics (information quality, system quality, virtual interactivity, and rewards) of online brand communities affect customer engagement. The consequent effect of customer engagement on brand loyalty is also examined. This study frames and empirically validates a model for engaging customers with online brand communities on Facebook, considering the moderating role of gender. The Stimulus-Organism-Response paradigm is solicited to justify the theoretical background of this study. The data were analyzed using structure equation modelling. Results reveal that each of the characteristics positively influences customer engagement, with information quality and virtual interactivity bearing the strongest influence. Customer engagement also exhibits a strong positive impact on brand loyalty. This results further reveal that gender gap in the online environment is declining as the impact of all the four characteristics of online brand communities on customer engagement was invariable across male and female members.     

Efficient transmission of compressed data for remote volume visualization

One of the goals of telemedicine is to enable remote visualization and browsing of medical volumes. There is a need to employ scalable compression schemes and efficient client-server models to obtain interactivity and an enhanced viewing experience. First, we present a scheme that uses JPEG2000 and JPIP (JPEG2000 Interactive Protocol) to transmit data in a multi-resolution and progressive fashion. The server exploits the spatial locality offered by the wavelet transform and packet indexing information to transmit, in so far as possible, compressed volume data relevant to the clients query. Once the client identifies its volume of interest (VOI), the volume is refined progressively within the VOI from an initial lossy to a final lossless representation. Contextual background information can also be made available having quality fading away from the VOI. Second, we present a prioritization that enables the client to progressively visualize scene content from a compressed file. In our specific example, the client is able to make requests to progressively receive data corresponding to any tissue type. The server is now capable of reordering the same compressed data file on the fly to serve data packets prioritized as per the client's request. Lastly, we describe the effect of compression parameters on compression ratio, decoding times and interactivity. We also present suggestions for optimizing JPEG2000 for remote volume visualization and volume browsing applications. The resulting system is ideally suited for client-server applications with the server maintaining the compressed volume data, to be browsed by a client with a low bandwidth constraint.     

Interactive archives of scientific data

Data generators in many disciplines are rapidly improving, typically much faster than the techniques available to manage and use the data they produce. Appropriate data management techniques coupled with the process or methods of scientific visualization, or at least the technologies that support them, show promise in helping to address some of these problems. Consider browsing, for example. It serves a role in feature identification by the scientist/user, and thus, serves as a guide in the data selection process. To date, most efforts associated with data browsing have focused on simple images with image data. Unfortunately, these techniques are not applicable to many classes of data or when more than one data set is to be considered. It should be noted that browsing is more of a subjective process involving the human visual system and that this is one of the origins of the notion of scientific visualization as a method of computing. The utilization of visualization strategies for qualitative presentation of data thus becomes a viable approach. For browsing to be effective, it must be interactive with near-relatime system response. With data sets of interesting size, e.g., ≥O(1 GB, where 1 GB = 1 GByte = 2³⁰ bytes), immediate interaction cannot take place on current conventional systems (i.e., high-end graphics workstations). Even though a 1 GB data set is admittedly modest by today's standards, the access and visualization of the entire data set or even a large fraction of it may place significant burdens on the floating point and bandwidth capacities of the computer system being employed. Browsing capabilities can also be extended to environments without high-bandwidth access to an interactive system by distributing compressed visualizations instead of data for predefined access and browsing scenarios.     

网站链接结构和使用信息的可视化研究与应用

信息时代的到来,网站信息量呈现出的爆炸式发展导致用户无法定位其中信息,使用网站信息可视化辅助。用户导航网站是解决上述问题的主要方法。由于网站中信息复杂多变,如何融合展现网站中的各类信息是目前的难点问题。在此使用RadialView树型布局算法绘制由超链接信息组成的网站拓扑结构。提出一种可视化规则在网站结构图的基础上添加对网页关联、热度等使用信息的可视化;以聚变数据库网站为实际应用案例,分析了该文关于网站信息可视化方面的工作在辅助用户导航网站方面的效果。     

交互数字电视节目录制方案的研究

以MHP为例提出了一种录制交互数字电视节目的方案,该方案将交互应用与音视频内容分离录制.交互应用是以DSM-CC对象轮播方式复用到传输流中的.将交互应用从传输流中抽取出来单独存储,为存储交互数字电视中出现的问题提供了解决的途径.     

Automatic extraction and visualization of NEC-2 output data usingMatNEC

MatNEC is a series of tools that use the popular analysis program MatLab to serve as both a pre- and post-processor for a NEC-2 computational engine. The pre-processing features of MatNEC, which include interactive structure development and the generation of an ASCII-text input file, were described in detail previously. This article details the post-processing features of MatNEC, which include automatic data extraction from a standard NEC-2 output file, and subsequent visualization via a series of MatLab control figures     

一种信息安全风险评估可视化模型

随着信息安全风险因素和控制措施之间关联性的不断增长,传统的风险分析方式显现出了一定的弊端。面对这些变化,日渐成熟的可视化技术为风险分析提供了一个新的思路。提出一种信息安全风险评估可视化模型,实现对风险评估中过程数据和结果数据的可视化,并且提供多种风险评估算法,在帮助研究人员处理大量数据的同时,提高风险评估的客观性和有效性,为信息安全风险评估可视化的研究提供了一个新方向。     

Job search website for illiterate users of Pakistan

Illiteracy is a major hurdle in socio-economic development of Pakistan. Research in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can help in tackling this issue by developing solutions tailored for illiterate population. The work presented within this paper proposes a job search website for illiterate population of KPK province of Pakistan. The designed website does not require any human assistance while searching a job. Moreover, the website uses culturally relevant graphical and audio content. The usability of the website is tested according to the ISO-9241-11 specification. Furthermore, we have studied the effect of the participants’ characteristics, i.e., their age, computer and mobile usage experience on the usability of the website. The results show that the participants found the website usable. Specifically, they could search suitable jobs with a minimal number of clicks and in less time as compared to the usual task completion rates reported throughout the literature. None of the participants’ characteristics were found to be affecting the usability of the website. These results suggest a promising potential of ICT solutions for providing services to illiterate population of Pakistan.     

Generation and visualization of four-dimensional MR angiography data using an undersampled 3-D projection trajectory

Time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography (CE-MRA) has gained in popularity relative to X-ray Digital Subtraction Angiography because it provides three-dimensional (3-D) spatial resolution and it is less invasive. We have previously presented methods that improve temporal resolution in CE-MRA while providing high spatial resolution by employing an undersampled 3-D projection (3D PR) trajectory. The increased coverage and isotropic resolution of the 3D PR acquisition simplify visualization of the vasculature from any perspective. We present a new algorithm to develop a set of time-resolved 3-D image volumes by preferentially weighting the 3D PR data according to its acquisition time. An iterative algorithm computes a series of density compensation functions for a regridding reconstruction, one for each time frame, that exploit the variable sampling density in 3D PR. The iterative weighting procedure simplifies the calculation of appropriate density compensation for arbitrary sampling patterns, which improve sampling efficiency and, thus, signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio, since it is does not require a closed-form calculation based on geometry. Current medical workstations can display these large four-dimensional studies, however, interactive cine animation of the data is only possible at significantly degraded resolution. Therefore, we also present a method for interactive visualization using powerful graphics cards and distributed processing. Results from volunteer and patient studies demonstrate the advantages of dynamic imaging with high spatial resolution.     

Automatic determination of LV orientation from SPECT data

Presents a new method to determine the orientation or pose of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart from cardiac SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) data. This proposed approach offers an accurate, fast, and robust delineation of the LV long-axis. The location and shape of the generated long-axis can then be utilized to define automatically the tomographic slices for enhanced visualization and quantification of the clinical data. The methodology is broadly composed of two main steps: (1) volume segmentation of cardiac SPECT data; and (2) topological goniometry, a novel approach incorporating volume visualization and computer graphics ideas to determine the overall shape of 3-D objects. The outcome of the algorithm is a 3-D curve representing the overall pose of the LV long-axis. Experimental results on both phantom and clinical data (50 technetium-99m and 74 thallium-201) are presented. An interactive graphical interface to visualize the volume (3-D) data, the left ventricle, and its pose is an integral part of the overall methodology. This technique is completely data driven and expeditious, making it viable for routine clinical use.     

April in Paris: signs of artificial life along the Seine

What if every public space and surface were transformed into an interactive experience - capturing our movements, gestures, sounds and actions and using these to produce new sounds, images, text and actions? Bus stops could come alive and talk back, advertisements could look back at you and talk to you and public park robotic devices could play games with you. Will public places eventually become our social barometer as well as director? Will billboards display the populace's discourse? The author look at some special streets in France where the city is literally alive with art and explores what it might mean for us to live in a world of artistic interactivity.     

交互式动态网页的设计与制作

随着社会的发展,互联网行业在发展过程中逐渐兴起,为了保证互联网站的使用效果,就要让网站具有一定的交互功能,从而使其能够更好的与访问者进行交互,在这一需求下,互联网网站由传统的静态网站逐渐演变成交互式动态网站,与传统静态式网页设计相比,交互式动态网站难度更大,因此本文详细分析交互式动态网站的设计与制作,希望能够为网页设计制作人员提供一些有价值的信息,促进互联网行业的发展.     

虚拟演播室互动控制系统

本文介绍了上海文广新闻传媒集团（SMG）虚拟演播室互动控制系统的结构、模块组成、工作流程以及动画控制效果,举例说明了虚拟互动控制系统在实际节目中的多种应用及节目效果,并介绍了虚拟互动控制系统将来的发展。     

Beyond Counterarguing: Simple Elaboration,Complex Integration,and Counterelaboration in Response to Variations in Narrative Focus and Sidedness

This study attempts to advance theorizing about narrative persuasion by explicating types of thoughts, beyond counterarguing, generated in response to a short narrative with persuasive intent. We examine responses to four types of narratives (focus: individual vs. community; by sidedness: one‐ vs. two‐sided) about causes and solutions for obesity in an attempt to increase support for policies to address the issue. Using a randomized experiment (n = 245), we show that narrative focus and sidedness interact to produce different patterns of thoughts, attributions, and policy support. Simple elaboration, counterelaboration, and counterarguing predicted causal attributions and policy support, but only simple elaboration mediated message effects on intended persuasive outcomes. We conclude by discussing the study's contributions to communication theory and practice.