单个流体包裹体同步辐射无损分析研究的进展

本介绍我们近一年来开展单个流体包裹体同步辐射无损分析研究所取得的进展，建立适合分析包裹体的微区光斑观测和地准系统，解决样品的制备问题，对一批典型的流体包裹体的微量元素分布作了探测，并由较大包裹体发展到较小包裹体，由定性分析逐步发展到定量分析研究。     

同步辐射X射线荧光微探针对单个流体包裹体的探测分析

本简述流体包裹体研究的意义。介绍在BSRF的实验条件下，用同步辐射X射线荧光微探针对单个流体包裹体作无损成分分析实验探索，包括样品的制备、流体包裹体鉴别和选择及在工作平台上对它们作显微对光，进行探测等。在20×10μm^2和10×10μm^2束斑下对几种类型流体包裹体作了测试分析，并对结果作了讨论。     

激光拉曼探针在流体包裹体研究中的应用

激光拉曼探针(LRM)是一种非破坏性测定物质分子成分的微观分析技术。在详细介绍激光拉曼探针工作原理、测试方法的基础上,着重阐述了该项技术在单个包裹体成分分析、盐度和压力测定研究中的应用,进而指出了LRM不仅可以对样品中不同期次的单个流体包裹体各相态的成分进行定性分析,而且还可以对包裹体中某些流体成分的相对量及流体的盐度、压力进行定量化研究。同时,也指出了LRM在微区微观分析研究上存在的某些局限性和不足。     

北京同步辐射X—射线荧光微束分析进展

论介绍了北京同步辐射X－射线荧光微束分析装置的最新进展，以及近年来在生物医学和石油地质领域的应用研究工作，重点报导了前不久在国内首次使用该方法，对单个流体包裹体探测的实验结果。     

基于SRXRF的单个流体包裹体无损分析及其在石油地质中的应用

本文叙述了同步辐射X射线荧光微探针用于单个流体包裹体无损分析研究的实验装置和方法，通过测定NIST612标样，计算了目前实验条件下部分元素的检出限，对取自我国西部含油气盆地的典型有机包裹体作无损成分分析，给出了K，Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Rb,Sr,Y,Zr,Ba,Pb等元素的半定量测试结果，并对分析结果在石地质中的应用进行了初步研究。     

光石沟花岗伟晶岩型铀矿床地质及流体包裹体特征

光石沟铀矿床大地构造位置处于秦岭造山系东部的北秦岭加里东褶皱带,丹凤三角铀成矿区的东南部,矿床赋铀主岩为黑云母花岗伟晶岩。铀矿体严格受伟晶岩脉控制,矿石矿物主要为晶质铀矿,硅钙铀矿及铀黑等次生铀矿物仅见于地表以下20 m范围内的氧化带中。光石沟矿床石英中发育大量流体包裹体和少量熔融包裹体。流体包裹体可划分为富液相水溶液包裹体(Ⅰ型)、 CO_2包裹体(Ⅱ型)、含CO_2的三相水溶液包裹体(Ⅲ型)和含子晶包裹体(Ⅳ型)四类。包裹体测试结果表明,光石沟铀矿床形成于融体-流体过渡阶段,流体包裹体以富气盐水包裹体为主,含少量CO_2包裹体和含子晶包裹体,矿床均一温度范围为152～308℃,平均为233℃,盐度范围为7.2%～26.5%NaCleqv,平均10.0%NaCleqv,指示光石沟铀矿床成矿流体为中-高温、中-低盐度的NaCl-H_2O(-CO_2)流体体系。岩矿石的结构构造表明光石沟花岗伟晶岩型铀矿是典型的岩浆型同生矿床,即岩浆结晶分异形成的。在岩浆冷凝结晶晚期形成高挥发分、富流体的伟晶岩浆流体,侵位形成黑云母花岗伟晶岩脉。伴随着流体中的黑云母和磷灰石等富氟矿物的大量结晶,导致熔浆中氟大量减少,引起氟铀酰络合物遭到破坏,最终铀以晶质铀矿的形式结晶成矿。     

柴达木盆地油砂层中两组典型单个流体包裹体的SRXRF微束分析

油砂是储层中显示油气的主要矿物之一。本描述了柴达木盆地油砂中油气层组N12/N^2 1单个流体包裹体特征．给出了它们的SRXCRF微束无损分析的结果。对同一层位的共同性及不同层位间的变化特点作出了讨论．     

韩国Youngdong地区Samhwanghak侏罗纪中温热液金矿化:论成矿热流体地球化学条件

Youngdong地区的Samhwanghak侏罗纪(166±2Ma)脉状金矿床是韩国中温热液金矿床的一个实例。矿床由含金的、但相对贫硫的块状石英脉组成,产出在前寒武纪的含石墨副片麻岩的剪切带中。 通过对先于金、硫化物沉淀的脉石英流体包裹体研究,划分出三种流体包裹体类型:(1)CO_2-CH_4流体;(2)低盐度的H_2O-CO_2—CH_4流体;(3)含少量CO_2的水溶液流体。第二类包裹体主要为原生包裹体,并代表了由大量流体分离形成的早期不混溶流体,其形成温度为480～220℃,压力大于2×10~8Pa,初始热液流体在温度410～480℃时接近临界状态,成分上是均匀的,其X_(co_2)+CH_4=0.45,(Xco_2:=0.14),盐度=9wt%当量NaCl。第三类包裹体明显是次生的,代表了在温度降低(低于 370℃),压力下降(=1xl0~8,Pa),第二类流体大量分离形成的流体,但也包含深循环大气降水。 热力学计算表明热液流体演化是:在接近黄铁矿一磁黄铁矿硫化物曲线处,硫逸度随温度降低而 逐渐降低;氧逸度主要受石墨一流体相互作用的控制;pH值接近中性;温度和氧逸度关系表明热液流 体最初来自附近S型岩浆——中侏罗世的Kimcheon花岗岩。金在340一240℃时从后来的水溶液中 沉淀,是热液体系冷却和硫活度减小所致。 热液硫的护4S接近2%。表明热液硫主要来自钦铁     

奥林匹克坝热液流体的来源:流体包裹体和稳定同位素的初步研究

根据包裹体和稳定同位素对奥林匹克坝热液流体的温度、成分和来源进行了研究。早期的磁铁矿、黄铁矿和菱铁矿组合是在近400℃条件下,从高δ~(18)O含量(10‰±)的流体中沉淀出来。相反,赤铁矿及含矿角砾岩则是在较低的温度条件(200—400℃),以低δ~(18)O含量(<9‰)的流体中形成。 冷冻法测定表明,溶液的盐度变化大。在两相包裹体中盐度最小值相当于7.3％NaCl,最大值为相当于23.7%NaCl。在石盐饱和的三相包裹体中盐度高达相当于42%NaCl。包裹体的成分复杂,除NaGl外,还有CO_2、KCl、CaCl_2、FeCl_2、CaF_2等成分。 初步的研究表明至少有两种不同的流体参与了奥林匹克坝矿床的形成:早期岩浆水,形成磁铁矿,晚期表生水(海水,封闭的盆地水或地下水)沉淀出赤铁矿,与含矿角砾岩相伴生。     

以黑色页岩为主岩的金矿床勘探标志——流体包裹体挥发物(英国北威尔士Dolgellau金矿带)

联合王国北威尔士Dolgellau金矿带脉石英中流体包裹体的质谱分析表明,含金流体和不含金流体有着某种差别。与贫矿脉中的石英相比,Clogau-St,Darids和Gwynfynydd矿区中富矿体的含金石英样品明显富含CH_4和N_2。包裹体的挥发物成分变化有力地说明了这样一种空间联系,即高品应矿带的分布、石墨页岩围岩(Clogau页岩)的存在和CH_4-N_2流体有关。虽然含甲烷流体出表示了区域变质石英脉的特征,但这种流体的N_2/(CH_4+CO_2+N_2)比值明显偏低。在成矿期间,流体和岩石的相互作用使碳和氮释放到成矿流体中;该过程产生了CH_4,CO_2和N_2。然而,氮气的产生导致了具有明显“CH_4-N_2”特征的含金流体的形成,氮气的产生被认为是由于层状硅酸盐围岩中NH_4~+交换的氧化作用所致。矿石的沉积被认为是由Au(HS)_2~-络合物的不稳定性引起的,这种不稳定性是由H_2S快速加入到成矿过程中产生的一种不混溶的富(CH_4N_2)流体相引起的。因此,挥发物特征、金的沉积作用和流体的不混容都与产生CH_4和N_2的反应有关。鉴于绿片岩相变质地体中以黑色页岩/片岩为主岩的金矿床在全球范围内广泛存在.对具有异常CH_4+N_2含量的流体包裹体的识别将成为一项可能的普查勘探技术。     

Quantitative PIXE analyses of single fluid inclusions in quartz crystals with a 1.92-MeV tandetron

Analytical errors in single fluid inclusion analyses by PIXE were investigated to evaluate the accuracy and detection limits of this type of analysis. Analytical errors due to the ellipsoidal approximation of the inclusion shape and the presence of a precipitated halite crystal in the inclusion were much smaller than the total analytical error. The major source of error in the quantification was the uncertainty in the determination of the inclusion depth, which can be minimized by using measurements of the Cl K_β/K_α intensity ratio. The total analytical error was ±17% relative for most elements and ±40% relative for Cl. Detection limits of 15-40 ppm for elements with mass numbers 25-38 were achieved in analyses of ellipsoidal fluid inclusions (size, 50 μm × 30 μm × 30 μm; depth, 10 μm; bubble size, 15 μm; and NaCl solution, 10 wt%) in quartz, at an integrated charge of 1.0 μC and beam size of 50 μm × 50 μm. The trace-element compositions of single fluid inclusions in quartz crystals from a miarolitic cavity or from quartz veins within a granite body were also determined to investigate the chemical compositions of granite-derived fluids and compositional changes in the fluids during fluid movement in a granite body.     

Application of nuclear analytical techniques to trace elements in Cenozoic basalt and their mantle xenoliths from Aershan area in Inner Mongolia, China

Basaltic samples from different locations in Aershan area determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) have the same distribution patterns of REE and trace elements. The similar REE contents of the same minerals without inclusions from different xenolith suggest that the mantle source region under different active volcanoes have the same composition. The REE content differences between the same minerals with and without melt inclusions selected from the same mantle xenolith indicate that the melt inclusions are rich in REE. The same patterns of trace elements of inclusions and host minerals from different xenolith analyzed by SRXRF suggest that the mantle fluid has no notable heterogeneity in Aershan area.     

CdZnTe像素探测器的制备与表征

本文采用CdZnTe单晶制成像素探测器,并对其能谱响应特性及均匀性进行了系统表征。通过I-V和能谱响应测试,测定了晶体的电阻率和载流子迁移率与寿命的积,并用红外透过显微成像观察了晶体内Te夹杂的分布特性。采用光刻、剥离和真空蒸镀技术,在CdZnTe晶片上制备了8×8的像素电极,用丝网印刷和贴片技术通过导电银胶实现像素电极与读出电路的准确连接,制备出CdZnTe像素探测器。对像素探测器的测试表明,-300V下单像素最大漏电流小于0.7nA,对241 Am 59.5keV的能量分辨率可达5.6%,优于平面探测器。进一步分析了晶体内Te夹杂等缺陷对探测器漏电流和能谱响应特性的影响规律,结果表明,Te夹杂的聚集会显著增加漏电流,并降低探测器的能量分辨率。     

External micro-PIXE analysis of fluid inclusions: Test of the LABEC facility on samples of quartz veins from Apuan Alps (Italy)

Fluid inclusions are small portions, usually smaller than 100 μm, of fluid trapped within minerals during or after growth. Their characteristics provide therefore fundamental information on nature and evolution of fluids present in the past in different geological environments. At the LABEC laboratory in Firenze, high-salinity fluid inclusions in quartz crystals, coming from the Apuan Alps metamorphic complex, were analysed at the external scanning microbeam. Results, although still preliminary, have already provided us with hints on fluid-rock interaction processes during the metamorphism of the Apuan Alps.     

Electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry characterisation of 6H SiC samples implanted with He

6H SiC single crystals were implanted at room temperature with 1 MeV He⁺ up to a fluence of 2 × 10¹⁷ at./cm². RBS-channeling analysis with a 2 MeV He⁺ beam indicated the formation of extended defects or the generation of point defects at a constant concentration over a depth of about 1 μm. Electron microscopy characterisation revealed the presence of two amorphous buried layers at depths of about 1.75 and 4.8 μm. They are due to the implantation and to the analysing RBS beam, respectively. No extended planar or linear faults were found in the region between the surface and the first amorphous layer. However, at the surface, a 50 nm thick amorphous layer was observed in which crystalline inclusions were embedded. Electron diffraction and HREM data of the inclusions were typical for diamond. These inclusions were even found in the crystalline SiC material below this layer, however at a reduced density.     

高温无机闪烁晶体Ce:YAlO3的缺陷研究

采用同步辐射白光透射形貌术研究了提拉法生长的高温无机闪烁晶体Ce:YAlO3（简称Ce:YAP）中的缺陷。实验发现在Ce:YAP晶体中存在着生长条纹、包裹沉积物、核心、孪晶及位错簇等缺陷，同时对生长缺陷形成的原因进行了讨论。结果表明，离子掺杂浓度、原料的纯度以及生长工艺条件等是影响Ce:YAP晶体缺陷的主要原因。     

The effects of submergence on structural response in confined pools

In this paper the response of single and multi degree of submerged systems is investigated. The complete equations of motions including fluid coupling terms are developed for submerged bodies where the surrounding fluid is both moving in phase and out of phase with the support motion. The analysis considers both structural and fluid damping.Also included is an analysis of two degrees of freedom fluid coupling for submerged bodies completely enclosed within another body. In this case limiting conditions of the inner body hydrodynamic mass are examined, along with the frequency response characteristics of these systems.The paper developes a simplified forcing function approach for in phase fluid support motion systems. This method is applicable for both modal-spectral and time history dynamic analyses of any linear structure.The results of the analysis are expanded for structures with non-linear support configurations, i.e., (sliding or rocking bases) to again define a simplified analytical approach accounting for in phase fluid support motion.     

螺旋管式换热器的流致振动研究

流体诱发振动广泛存在于管壳式换热设备中，而螺旋管式换热器由于体积小、换热效率高，近年来大量应用于各类工业换热设备。本文针对单根螺旋管进行流致振动分析，分别利用一维热工水力程序RELAP5、CFD软件FLUENT和有限元软件ANSYS计算螺旋管一、二次侧流体密度分布，一次侧流体的速度场和螺旋管模态振型，并在0、1、2、4、和8支承数下计算单根螺旋管的流弹失稳比和湍流抖振均方根位移比。计算结果表明，当螺旋管采用4个对称支承进行固定时可满足ASME流弹失稳和TEMA湍流抖振的设计标准。