反操纵大扭矩电动加载系统设计与应用

为满足新型舵机对反操纵加载性能的测试需求,设计了大扭矩反操纵电动加载控制系统。在对系统进行数学建模的基础上,从加载指标、系统稳定性等角度分析反操纵加载实现原理。针对多余力矩,根据不变性原理引入力矩前馈及舵机角度补偿,并基于力/位置混合控制模式实现对舵机高精度正反操纵大扭矩电动加载。实际应用表明,该方法能有效抑制多余力矩,满足了舵机反操纵力矩加载测试对加载精度的要求。     

正开口阀在电液负载模拟器中的应用

从正开口阀的阀系数入手，分析其抑制电液负载模拟器多余力矩的机理。给出流量伺服阀、压力伺服阀、流量一压力伺服阀控制电液负载模拟器时阀正开口量的确定办法，并对和正开口阀有相似加载特性的加载马达两腔开连通孔进行了多余力矩抑制实验，为正开口阀用于电液负载模拟器提供了依据。     

刚度和惯量对电动负载模拟器的影响分析

为了提高电动负载模拟器的加载性能,根据电动负载模拟器的系统构成,建立其相应的数学模型,分析系统刚度和负载惯量对多余力矩、系统稳定性和响应速度这3个方面的影响,分析和确定了系统的最佳刚度和负载惯量,利用MATLAB软件对结果进行仿真验证;仿真结果表明:加载后的正弦曲线能够较好的复现,且响应速度快、稳定性好;设计电动负载模拟器最佳的刚度和负载惯量的时候,不仅要考虑到对多余力矩的抑制,还要考虑到系统的稳定性和响应的快速性。     

三类伺服阀控制电液负载模拟器的研究

建立了三类伺服阀(流量伺服阀、压力伺服阀、流量-压力伺服阀)控制的电液负载模拟器数学模型,分析了它们加载和克服多余力矩的机理,并进行了仿真和实验研究,为设计和选用被动式电液伺服加载系统中的伺服阀,更好地克服多余力矩以提高系统性能提供了依据。     

零开口流量阀在电液负载仿真台中的应用

零开口流量阀在电液负载仿真台中的应用哈尔滨工业大学裴忠才苏东海吴盛林刘庆和哈尔滨万昌本州制鞋有限公司单伟１引言电液负载模拟器是模拟飞行器在飞行过程中舵面所受空气力矩的加载装置，是典型的被动式电液力伺服系统，根据该系统的特点，其伺服阀应选择大预开口的压...     

飞行模拟器操纵负荷力加载控制系统的试验研究

以研制的飞行模拟器操纵负荷系统原理样机为研究平台,对驾驶机构施加力加载的液压力控制系统进行了试验研究。为解决稳态精度和稳定性之间的矛盾,提高力加载控制系统的加载精度,构造了一种前馈补偿和PID反馈调节相结合的复合控制算法。试验结果验证了该复合控制算法的有效性,同时也验证了由前馈控制和PID控制构成的复合控制是实现操纵负荷力加载高精度跟踪控制的有效方法。     

飞行模拟器操纵负荷力加载控制系统的试验研究

以研制的飞行模拟器操纵负荷系统原理样机为研究平台,对驾驶机构施加力加载的液压力控制系统进行了试验研究。为解决稳态精度和稳定性之间的矛盾,提高力加载控制系统的加载精度,构造了一种前馈补偿和PID反馈调节相结合的复合控制算法。试验结果验证了该复合控制算法的有效性,同时也验证了由前馈控制和PID控制构成的复合控制是实现操纵负荷力加载高精度跟踪控制的有效方法。     

电液负载模拟器同步结构解耦研究

针对电液负载模拟器中的多余力矩问题,以阀控摆动马达电液负载模拟器为对象,在分析研究多余力矩产生机理及影响因素的基础上,提出一种同步结构解耦新方法,具体实现是将加载执行元件设计成复式双层结构,外层同步马达用于跟踪承载对象进行位置同步控制,内层马达用于加载,通过复式结构加载执行元件实现变被动加载为主动加载,从根本上解决了多余力矩问题。给出了复式摆动马达的参数匹配原则、密封及结构设计方案,仿真分析了内外层马达油道配流方式的合理性。最后,通过小梯度加载下电液负载模拟器性能的仿真分析验证了同步结构解耦新方法的正确性及有效性。     

扭转板簧储能机构设计

在有限空间、最大工作力矩和使用频次少的工况下,进行了可单人操作储能机构设计。根据负载扭矩、工作力矩计算板簧扭矩,并结合工程实际确定板簧数量。经实际检验,在多项限制条件下此机构能够完成单人操作,同时也给出类似工程问题的设计流程。     

扭转板簧储能机构设计

在有限空间、最大工作力矩和使用频次少的工况下,进行了可单人操作储能机构设计.根据负载扭矩、工作力矩计算板簧扭矩,并结合工程实际确定板簧数量.经实际检验,在多项限制条件下此机构能够完成单人操作,同时也给出类似工程问题的设计流程.     

立式三列活塞式压缩机惯性力及力矩平衡的理论分析与计算

详尽地分析和推证了立式三列、曲拐错角δ =1 2 0°的活塞式压缩机惯性力及力矩的计算公式和平衡特性     

活塞式膨胀机的性能分析与试验验证

针对活塞式膨胀机的工作过程,利用能量方程、气体状态方程、拉格朗日方程等建立了非线性瞬时的热力学和动力学模型,实现对系统的精确建模和性能研究。利用MATLAB/Simulink得到的仿真转速/功率与实验平台测得的转速/功率进行比较,验证了数学模型的正确性。通过仿真模型研究了进气压力、负载扭矩对活塞式膨胀机系统性能的影响,并分析了进气温度对系统性能的影响。研究表明:在一定压力条件范围内,随着负载扭矩的增加,活塞式膨胀机的输出功率和效率分别增大到一定峰值后减小,最大峰值功率为3.97 kW,最大峰值效率为38.8%;负载扭矩40 N·m,进气压力2 MPa时,排气阶段的压力为 0.55 MPa,占进气压力的27.8%;提高进气温度会提高系统的输出功率和效率。     

Design of an Orthodontic Torque Simulator for Measurement of Bracket Deformation

The design and testing of an orthodontic torque simulator that reproduces the effect of archwire rotation on orthodontic brackets is described. This unique device is capable of simultaneously measuring the deformation and loads applied to an orthodontic bracket due to archwire rotation. Archwire rotation is used by orthodontists to correct the inclination of teeth within the mouth. This orthodontic torque simulator will provide knowledge of the deformation and loads applied to orthodontic bracket that will aide clinicians by describing the effect of archwire rotation on brackets. This will also impact that design on new archwire\bracket systems by providing an assessment of performance. Deformation of the orthodontic bracket tie wings is measured using a digital image correlation process to measure elastic and plastic deformation. The magnitude of force and moments applied to the bracket though the archwire is also measured using a six-axis load cell. Initial tests have been performed on two orthodontic brackets of varying geometry to demonstrate the measurement capability of the orthodontic torque simulator. The demonstration experiment shows that a Damon Q bracket had a final plastic deformation after a single loading of 0.022 mm while the Speed bracket deformed 0.071 mm. This indicates that the Speed bracket plastically deforms 3.2 times more than the Damon Q bracket for similar magnitude of applied moment. The demonstration experiment demonstrates that bracket geometry affect the deformation of orthodontic brackets and this difference can be detected using the orthodontic torque simulator.     

刚度、惯性负载对电液负载仿真台性能影响的研究

为提高电液负载仿真台的性能 ,根据电液负载仿真台的数学模型 ,研究了电液负载仿真台中多余力矩的产生机理和影响因素 ,得出多余力矩干扰与舵机系统轴转角的速度、加速度有关的结论。在分析电液负载仿真台的刚度、惯性负载对系统性能影响的基础上 ,提出了电液负载仿真台的一些设计原则 ,为电液负载仿真台及其它被动加载系统的设计提供了参考依据。     

曲柄导杆式六杆机构抽油机设计计算

普通异步电动机的输出转矩基本恒定不变,而抽油机曲柄轴净转矩确是交变载荷,两者的载荷特性无法达到"和谐"的匹配,直接导致抽油机运行效率低下、能耗增高。利用游梁结构和导杆机构设计的曲柄导杆式六杆机构抽油机,实现了曲柄轴净转矩曲线呈小波动形态变化,大大提高了电动机的负荷率和电动机功率利用率,实现了抽油机节能降耗。根据设计方案,建立了导杆式六杆机构抽油机在复合平衡方式下的运动和动力学模型,并以Matlab优化工具箱为平台,对设计方案进行全参数优化设计,以实际载荷工况对导杆式六杆机构抽油机节能效果进行了对比分析。     

电驱高压气动减压阀动态特性仿真研究

设计了一种电驱高压气动减压阀,采用直流电机驱动活塞直动式减压阀,通过调节直流电机的转动角度来控制减压阀的出口压力。减压阀的调压性能受到直流电机控制电压、调压弹簧刚度以及活塞作用面积的影响。为此,建立电驱高压气动减压阀的数学模型,基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建电驱高压气动减压阀的仿真模型,分析直流电机控制电压、调压弹簧刚度以及活塞作用面积对其出口压力的影响,得出电驱高压气动减压阀合理的设计参数,最后对其进行阶跃响应与正弦响应仿真分析。结果表明,电驱高压气动减压阀具有良好的调压精度和动态特性,对同类型气动减压阀的结构设计和优化以及控制特性的改善具有一定的指导意义。     

基于最大驱动力矩的曲柄摇块机构解析综合

以获得最大驱动力矩为准则,使用解析方法对曲柄摇块机构进行优化设计。机构中连杆使用移动副驱动,曲柄在给定角度范围内摆动。当曲柄处于摆角中间位置时,曲柄具有最大输出力矩;曲柄在摆动范围内具有最大平均输出力矩。基于上述准则进行机构优化设计,能获得较好的力传输比。     

Numerical Analyses of Hydrodynamic Lubrication and Dynamics of the Rolling Piston and Crankshaft in a Rotary Compressor

In this article, numerical analyses of hydrodynamic lubrication and dynamics of the crank, rolling piston, and vane were carried out to study the tribological performance of a rotary compressor. Dimensionless Reynolds equations of journal and thrust bearings in dynamic load condition were derived and solved numerically. To deal with the lubrication of the rolling piston, the effect of the nonuniformity of tangential velocity over the bearing surface on the Reynolds equation was taken into account. In addition, combined with the analyses of dynamics and kinematics of the crank, piston, and vane, the angular velocities of the crank and piston as well as the motion mode between the piston and vane were studied. Analysis results illustrate characteristic oil film pressure distributions of the crank and piston bearings, which are different from that of common journal bearings. Under the influences of dynamic load and eccentricity of the cam, the wedge effect as well as the stretch and squeeze effect contribute greatly to hydrodynamic pressure. The relative motion mode between the piston and vane tip is not always pure sliding but accompanies rolling in some cases, which depends on the magnitude of the friction coefficient between the piston and vane tip. The analysis results are helpful for the improvement of rotary compressor design.     

Numerical analysis of the piston secondary dynamics in reciprocating compressors

In this study, a numerical analysis for the piston secondary dynamics of small refrigeration reciprocating compressors is performed. In general, the length of cylinder in this class of compressors is shortened to diminish the frictional losses of the piston-cylinder system. So, the contacting length between piston and cylinder wall is in variable with the rotating crank angle around the BDC of the reciprocating piston. In the problem formulation of the piston dynamics, the variation in bearing length of the piston and all corresponding forces and moments are considered in order to determine the piston trajectory, velocity and acceleration at each step. A Newton-Raphson procedure was employed in solving the secondary dynamic equations of the piston. The developed computer program can be used to calculate the entire piston trajectory and the lubrication characteristics as functions of crank angle under compressor running conditions. The results explored the effects of some design parameters and operating conditions on the stability of the piston, the oil leakage, and friction losses.     

A five-station hip joint simulator for wear rate studies.

The aim of the work has been the development of a hip joint simulator for comparative wear rate studies of long duration. A five-station apparatus has been designed, constructed and tested. Five total hip joints can be tested at the same time in identical conditions. The flexion-extension motion and the superior-inferior component of the joint contact force are incorporated. The motion is electromechanical and the loading pneumatic. The angle and load waveforms are fixed and simulate level walking. For accurate wear measurements each station employs a control prosthesis. The conditions of the control prosthesis in regard to loading, exposure to lubricant and environment temperature (37 +/- 1 degree C) are identical to those of the test prosthesis. The acetabular cups can be readily removed for periodic wear measurements and reassembled in exactly the original position. Extensive tests have shown that the simulator is a practical and reliable instrument in the wear rate studies of various designs of total hip joint.