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外泌体(exosomes)是一种由多种类型细胞分泌的磷脂双层膜囊泡,直径在30~100 nm之间。它们存在于几乎所有体液中,如血液、脑脊液、尿液、胆汁、乳汁等。外泌体能够携带多种物质,介导细胞间通讯并反映来源细胞的状态。外泌体在肿瘤进展中发挥了重要的作用,它们可以通过促进肿瘤细胞上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)、形成转移前微环境(pre-metastatic niche,PMN)以及促进促炎症和免疫抑制微环境的形成,促进肿瘤的侵袭转移。本文综述了外泌体调控肿瘤侵袭转移的作用机制,包括外泌体介导的细胞间信号传递、外泌体调控肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭等方面。此外,本文还探讨了外泌体在肿瘤微环境中的作用及其与免疫逃逸的关系,期望为深入研究外泌体对肿瘤的调控作用提供新的思路、为肿瘤治疗提供新的靶点和策略。 相似文献
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非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)是全球发病率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,大多数患者在确诊时已是中晚期,预后极差。外泌体是细胞主动分泌的直径为40~100 nm的膜小体,包含丰富的蛋白质、microRNAs(miRNAs)等物质,参与细胞间的物质交换和信息交流。非小细胞肺癌源性的外泌体miRNA参与调节肿瘤细胞的发生发展、侵袭及转移等过程,在肿瘤细胞的生理、病理过程中扮演了重要角色。本文将系统阐述外泌体的生物学特性、生物学功能以及外泌体miR-145和miR-21在调控非小细胞肺癌进展、早期诊断、治疗靶点筛选及预后中的作用,为外泌体miRNA基础研究与临床应用提供参考。 相似文献
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肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(cancer-associated fibroblasts,CAFs)是肿瘤微环境中最主要的成分之一,在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥着必不可少的作用。骨髓和脂肪的局部组织固有成纤维细胞及间充质干细胞是CAFs来源的主要前体细胞。大量研究表明,CAFs并不作为单独细胞在肿瘤周围存在,而是和肿瘤细胞相互作用,促进肿瘤的生长与存活并维持其恶性倾向。肿瘤细胞可以影响CAFs前体的招募,并诱导正常成纤维细胞活化为CAFs;同时,CAFs可以分泌多种细胞因子、生长因子和细胞外基质蛋白质,促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、耐药及侵袭转移,从而影响肿瘤的预后。CAFs还参与血管淋巴管的生成、细胞外基质重塑、免疫抑制以及肿瘤细胞上皮间质转化等有利于肿瘤发生发展的外源性途径,为肿瘤细胞提供了一个良好的微环境。大量研究显示,研发靶向CAFs的药物可以中断其与肿瘤细胞之间的联系,从而抑制肿瘤的生长和转移。因此,深入了解CAFs促肿瘤的作用机制将有利于肿瘤治疗新靶点的发现。本文将对CAFs促进肿瘤侵袭转移的作用机制加以综述。 相似文献
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目的:探究肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体中是否可以检测到来源于源细胞的融合基因m RNA。方法:培养人非小细胞肺癌NCI-H3122细胞,采用外泌体试剂盒提取细胞上清中的外泌体,并用Western Blot实验验证外泌体是否提取成功。分别提取外泌体以及H3122细胞中的总RNA,将RNA反转录为c DNA,通过PCR反应扩增v1型EML4-ALK融合基因片段,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳确定目的条带后,将两种PCR产物送公司进行基因测序,最后对测序结果进行比对分析。结果:从H3122细胞上清中成功提取了外泌体,并且在外泌体中检测到来源于H3122细胞的m RNA;从H3122细胞外泌体中检测到EML4-ALK融合基因,并发现外泌体中的EML4-ALK融合基因的融合形式为V1,与在H3122细胞中检测到的EML4-ALK融合基因的融合形式完全相同。结论:肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体中可以检测到肿瘤细胞来源的m RNA,并且外泌体中的m RNA可以反映肿瘤细胞m RNA的基因融合情况等生物学特性。 相似文献
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外泌体是一种由细胞分泌的具有双层脂质膜结构的纳米级小囊泡,携带核酸和蛋白质等多种具有生物活性的内容物,不仅能够介导细胞间信号转导和信息交流,还参与了人体内各种疾病的生理过程。肿瘤来源的外泌体能够参与调节肿瘤病理发展、转移、血管生成和免疫逃逸等,可作为肿瘤早期诊断、预后的新焦点,具有较大的潜在临床应用价值。从外泌体来源、内含物以及凯杰(苏州)的研究经验等多方面内容,阐述外泌体的特点、应用及前景,并且对外泌体在肿瘤的发生发展、转移侵袭以及作为液体活检的主要组成在肿瘤精准诊断与个体化治疗方面的进展和应用潜力进行综述。 相似文献
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Bi-Lan Li Wen Lu Jun-Jie Qu Lei Ye Gui-Qiang Du Xiao-Ping Wan 《Journal of cellular physiology》2019,234(3):2943-2953
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play crucial roles in tumor progression, given the dependence of cancer cells on stromal support. Therefore, understanding how CAFs communicate with endometrial cancer cell in tumor environment is important for endometrial cancer therapy. Exosomes, which contain proteins and noncoding RNA, are identified as an important mediator of cell–cell communication. However, the function of exosomes in endometrial cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. In the current study we found that CAF-derived exosomes significantly promoted endometrial cancer cell invasion comparing to those from normal fibroblasts (NFs). We identified a significant decrease of miR-148b in CAFs and CAFs-derived exosomes. By exogenously transfect microRNAs, we demonstrated that miR-148b could be transferred from CAFs to endometrial cancer cell through exosomes. In vitro and in vivo studies further revealed that miR-148b functioned as a tumor suppressor by directly binding to its downstream target gene, DNMT1 to suppress endometrial cancer metastasis. In endometrial cancer DNMT1 presented a potential role in enhancing cancer cell metastasis by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, downregulated miR-148b induced EMT of endometrial cancer cell as a result of relieving the suppression of DNMT1. Taken together, these results suggest that CAFs-mediated endometrial cancer progression is partially related to the loss of miR-148b in the exosomes of CAFs and promoting the transfer of stromal cell-derived miR-148b might be a potential treatment to prevent endometrial cancer progression. 相似文献
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Extracellular vesicles are known as actual intermediaries of intercellular communications, such as biological signals and cargo transfer between different cells. A variety of cells release the exosomes as nanovesicular bodies. Exosomes contain different compounds such as several types of nucleic acids and proteins. In this study, we focused on exosomes in colorectal cancer as good tools that can be involved in various cancer-related processes. Furthermore, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of exosome extraction methods and review related studies on the role of exosomes in colorectal cancer. Finally, we focus on reports available on relations between mesenchymal stem cell–derived exosomes and colorectal cancer. Several cancer-related processes such as cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer are related to the cargoes of exosomes. A variety of molecules, especially proteins, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, play important roles in these processes. The microenvironment features, such as hypoxia, also have very important effects on the properties of the origin cell–derived exosomes. On the other hand, exosomes derived from colorectal cancer cells also interfere with cancer chemoresistance. Furthermore, today it is known that exosomes and their contents can likely be very effective in noninvasive colorectal cancer diagnosis and therapy. Thus, exosomes, and especially their cargoes, play different key roles in various aspects of basic and clinical research related to both progression and therapy of colorectal cancer. 相似文献
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Exosomes have a significant impact on tumor survival, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. They also open up new therapeutic options and aid in the pathological identification and diagnosis of cancers. Exosomes have been shown in numerous studies to be essential for facilitating cell-to-cell communication. In B-cell hematological malignancies, the proteins and RNAs that are encased by circulating exosomes are thought to represent prospective sources for therapeutic drugs as well as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Additionally, exosomes can offer a “snapshot” of the tumor and the metastatic environment at any given point in time. In this review study, we concluded that leukemia-derived exosomes could be utilized as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for individuals suffering from leukemia. Moreover, clinical studies have demonstrated that immune cells like dendritic cells create exosomes, which have the ability to activate the immune system against leukemia. 相似文献
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Zhixiao Liu Qishu Jin Taofei Yan Yinqing Wo Huiwen Liu Yue Wang 《Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports》2022
Physical cues in the extracellular microenvironment regulate cancer cell metastasis. Functional microRNA (miRNA) carried by cancer derived exosomes play a critical role in extracellular communication between cells and the extracellular microenvironment. However, little is known about the role of exosomes loaded miRNAs in the mechanical force transmission between cancer cells and extracellular microenvironment. Herein, our results suggest that stiff extracellular matrix (ECM) induced exosomes promote cancer cell migration. The ECM mechanical force regulated the exosome miRNA cargo of prostate cancer cells. Exosome miRNAs regulated by the ECM mechanical force modulated cancer cell metastasis by regulating cell motility, ECM remodeling and the interaction between cancer cells and nerves. Focal adhesion kinase mediated-ECM mechanical force regulated the intracellular miRNA expression, and F-actin mediate-ECM mechanical force regulated miRNA packaging into exosomes. The above results demonstrated that the exosome miRNA cargo promoted cancer metastasis by transmitting the ECM mechanical force. The ECM mechanical force may play multiple roles in maintaining the microenvironment of cancer metastasis through the exosome miRNA cargo. 相似文献
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Ali Aghebati-Maleki Sanam Nami Amir Baghbanzadeh Bita H. Karzar Saeed Noorolyai Ali Fotouhi Leili Aghebati-Maleki 《Journal of cellular physiology》2019,234(12):21694-21706
Exosomes offer a new perspective on the biology of cancer with both diagnostic and therapeutic concepts. Due to the cell-to-cell association, exosomes are involved in the progression, metastasis, and therapeutic efficacy of the tumor. They can be isolated from blood and other body fluids to determine the disease progression in the body, including cancer growth. In addition to being reservoirs of biochemical markers of cancer, exomes can be designed to restore tumor immunity. Tumor exosomes interact with different cells in the tumor microenvironment to confer beneficial modulations, responsible for stromal activity, angiogenesis, increased vascular permeability, and immune evasion. Exosomes also contribute to the metastasis with the aim of epithelial transmission to the mesenchyme and the formation of premetastatic niches. Moreover, exosomes protect cells against the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and prevent the transmission of chemotherapy resistance to adjacent cells. Therefore, exosomes are essential for many fatal cancer agents, and understanding their origins and role in cancer is important. In this article, we attempted to clarify the potential of exosomes for the application in cancer diagnosis and therapy. 相似文献
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外泌体广泛存在于多种体液中,携带有大量活性物质,如mRNA、miRNA、蛋白和脂质等。其中的miRNA是一类短非编码RNA,在转录后水平调节基因的表达,广泛参与个体生长发育等各生命活动。外泌体miRNA有多种生物学功能,在肿瘤的发生发展、侵袭转移、机体耐药及免疫调控等多方面发挥着重要作用。目前的研究表明,无论是作为肿瘤早筛早诊和预后评估标志物还是用于肿瘤治疗,外泌体miRNA都有很好的应用前景。本文就近年来外泌体miRNA在肝癌中的研究进展和临床应用进行综述。 相似文献
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Mohamed J. Saadh Asma'a H. Mohamed Muhammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad Omer Qutaiba B. Allela Ali H. Amin April Ann Malquisto Wong Tze Jin Ioan Sârbu Faisal AlShamsi Fahmy Gad Elsaid Reza Akhavan-Sigari 《Cell biochemistry and function》2024,42(2):e3962
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths. However, the surgical control of the CRC progression is difficult, and in most cases, the metastasis leads to cancer-related mortality. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) with potential translational applications in regenerative medicine have been widely researched for several years. MSCs could affect tumor development through secreting exosomes. The beneficial properties of stem cells are attributed to their cell–cell interactions as well as the secretion of paracrine factors in the tissue microenvironment. For several years, exosomes have been used as a cell-free therapy to regulate the fate of tumor cells in a tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the recent advances and current understanding of assessing MSC-derived exosomes for possible cell-free therapy in CRC. 相似文献
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Exosomes, which act as biological cargo vessels, are cell-released, phospholipid-enclosed vesicles. In eukaryotic cells, exosomes carry and exchange biological materials or signals for the benefit or detriment to the cells. Thereby, we consider exosomes to be molecular Palkis (carriers). Although exosomes are currently one of the most popularly researched cellular entities, they have remained largely enigmatic and warrant continued investigation into their structure and functions. These membraned vesicles are between 30 and 150 nm in diameter and are actively secreted by all cell types. While initially considered cellular “trash bags,” recent years have revealed exosomes to be dynamic and multi-functional vesicles that may play a crucial role in cancer development, progression and metastasis. Thereby, they have the potential to be used in development of therapeutic modalities for cancer and other diseases. As more research studies emerge, it’s becoming evident that exosomes are released by cells with a purpose and are representatives of certain cell types and disease conditions. Hence, they may also be used as biomarkers for the detection of cancer initiation, progression and organotropic metastatic growth of cancer cells. This review will focus on the recent developments achieved in identifying the role of exosomes in cancer development and progression as well as therapeutic implications. The review will also discuss the pitfalls of methodologies used for the extraction of exosomes. 相似文献
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《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2020,1866(12):165919
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent cancer in men aged 65 and over. PCa mainly metastasizes in the bone, forming osteosclerotic lesions, inducing pain, fractures, and nerve compression. Cancer cell-derived exosomes participate in the metastatic spread, ranging from oncogenic reprogramming to the formation of pre-metastatic niches. Moreover, exosomes were recently involved in the dialog between PCa cells and the bone metastasis microenvironment. Phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms PLD1/2 catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to yield phosphatidic acid (PA), regulating tumor progression and metastasis. PLD is suspected to play a role in exosomes biogenesis. We aimed to determine whether PCa-derived exosomes, through PLD, interact with the bone microenvironment, especially osteoblasts, during the metastatic process. Here we demonstrate for the first time that PLD2 is present in exosomes of C4-2B and PC-3 cells. C4-2B-derived exosomes activate proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts models, by stimulating ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, by increasing the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers. Contrariwise, when C4-2B exosomes are generated in the presence of halopemide, a PLD pan-inhibitor, they lose their ability to stimulate osteoblasts. Furthermore, the number of released exosomes diminishes significantly (−40%). When the PLD product PA is combined with halopemide, exosome secretion is fully restored. Taken together, our results indicate that PLD2 stimulates exosome secretion in PCa cell models as well as their ability to increase osteoblast activity. Thus, PLD2 could be considered as a potent player in the establishment of PCa bone metastasis acting through tumor cell derived-exosomes. 相似文献