血液灌流联合血液透析对慢性肾衰竭患者炎症因子及Hcy、PTH、β2-MG的影响

目的:探索血液灌流(HP)联合血液透析(HD)对慢性肾衰竭(Chronic renal failure,CRF)患者炎症因子及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、甲状腺旁素(PTH)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)的影响。方法:选择自2012年10月至2014年9月我院收治的98例CRF患者,按照随机数表法将患者分成HD组和HP联合HD组(HP+HD组),每组49例,两组采用相应疗法治疗。由专业的医师对所有患者治疗前及治疗后1个月、2个月、3个月血清中的炎性因子(IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、CRP、TNF-α及PCT)及Hcy、PTH、β2-MG水平进行检测并统计分析。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后1个月、2个月、3个月血清中的炎症因子及Hcy、PTH、β2-MG水平均不同程度下降,而HP+HD组患者在各个时间点血清中的炎症因子及Hcy、PTH、β2-MG水平均明显低于HD组,且差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HP联合HD较单独使用HD治疗CRF患者具有更好的疗效,可以明显降低患者体内的炎症因子及Hcy、PTH、β2-MG水平,对于临床上治疗CRF具有重要的指导意义。     

高通量血液透析联合血液灌流对β_2-微球蛋白的影响

目的观察高通量血液透析联合血液灌流对慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症期规律血透患者β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)的影响。方法将50例慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症期规律血液透析患者随机分为常规血液透析(HD)组25例,高通量血液透析联合血液灌流(HFHD+HP)组25例,比较两组患者单次治疗后β2-微球蛋白的清除率。结果 HD组治疗前后β2-微球蛋白比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);HFHD+HP组治疗前后β2-微球蛋白比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。两组β2-微球蛋白清除率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)结论高通量血液透析联合血液灌流能显著降低慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症期规律血透患者的β2-微球蛋白水平,减少患者淀粉样变风险,改善患者的生活质量及预后。     

复方α-酮酸联合血液透析和血液灌流治疗慢性肾衰竭的疗效及对钙磷代谢的影响

目的:研究复方α-酮酸联合血液透析和血液灌流治疗慢性肾衰竭(CRF)的临床疗效及对钙磷代谢的影响。方法:选择94例CRF患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法将患者分为联合组与对照组各47例。对照组采用血液透析、血液灌流进行治疗,联合组则在对照组基础之上联合使用复方α-酮酸治疗。比较治疗前及治疗6个月后两组患者肾功能指标[血清胱抑素C(Cys C)、血清肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)]及钙磷代谢(血钙、血磷)变化,并分析治疗6个月后两组患者疗效及治疗6个月内药物不良反应发生情况差异。结果:治疗6个月后,联合组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者Cys C、Scr、BUN及血磷水平均较治疗前显著降低,且联合组明显低于同一时间对照组(P0.05)。两组患者血钙水平均较治疗前显著升高,且联合组明显高于同一时间对照组(P0.05)。治疗6个月内,两组患者药物不良反应总发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:复方α-酮酸联合血液透析和血液灌流治疗CRF的疗效显著,且能够改善肾功能与钙磷代谢,对患者疾病转归有利。     

连续性血液净化与血液透析对尿毒症脑病疗效的比较研究

目的:比较连续性血液净化(continuous blood purification,CBP)和血液透析(haemodialysis,HD)治疗尿毒症脑病的疗效.方法:70例尿毒症脑病(uremic encephalopathy,UE)患者随机分成连续性血液净化(CBP)组(n=35)和血液透析(HD)组(n=35),分别给予相应治疗.观察缓解率、平均动脉压、肾功能、电解质及血气指标等.结果:1周缓解率分别为100%(CBP组)和65.7%(HD组)(P＜0.05);两组的BUN,Scr,K+,Na+,Cl-和β2-MG均显著降低(P＜0.05),但治疗后CBP组的BUN,Scr和β2-MG显著低于HD组(P＜0.05);CBP组的HC03-和pH较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.05),而HD组中HC03-和pH治疗前后无显著改变(P＞0.05).CBP组治疗前后平均动脉压变化无统计学差异(P＞0.05),HD组低血压发生率为13.7%,高血压发生率为15.4%.结论:CBP治疗能很好清除BUN、Scr和β2-MG,纠正电解质及酸碱紊乱,维持患者血液动力学,具有较好的临床疗效.     

血液灌流联合血液透析对慢性肾衰竭患者炎症因子及Hcy、PTH、beta2-MG的影响

目的：探索血液灌流（HP）联合血液透析（HD）对慢性肾衰竭（Chronic renal failure, CRF）患者炎症因子及同型半胱氨酸 （Hcy）、甲状腺旁素（PTH）、beta2- 微球蛋白(beta2-MG)的影响。方法：选择自2012 年10 月至2014 年9 月我院收治的98 例CRF 患 者,按照随机数表法将患者分成HD 组和HP 联合HD组（HP+HD组）,每组49 例,两组采用相应疗法治疗。由专业的医师对所有 患者治疗前及治疗后1 个月、2 个月、3 个月血清中的炎性因子（IL-1beta、IL-6、IL-8、CRP、TNF-alpha及PCT）及Hcy、PTH、beta2-MG 水平 进行检测并统计分析。结果：与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后1 个月、2 个月、3 个月血清中的炎症因子及Hcy、PTH、beta2-MG水平 均不同程度下降,而HP+HD组患者在各个时间点血清中的炎症因子及Hcy、PTH、beta2-MG水平均明显低于HD组,且差异均具有 统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：HP 联合HD较单独使用HD 治疗CRF患者具有更好的疗效,可以明显降低患者体内的炎症因子及 Hcy、PTH、beta2-MG 水平,对于临床上治疗CRF具有重要的指导意义。     

不同血液净化方式对慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常的疗效观察

目的:探讨2种不同血液净化方式对慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者低血钙、高血磷及高血清甲状旁腺激素的改善效果。方法:选择2011年9月到2014年9月在我院接收维持性血液透析(MHD)的患者64例,随机分为HDF组和HP-HD组各32例;HDF组采用血液透析滤过(HDF)治疗,HP-HD组采用血液灌流(HP)联合血液透析(HD)治疗;分别在治疗前及治疗后3周采血检测血钙、血磷和全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)。结果:治疗三周后,与治疗前相比较,两组患者血磷、iPTH显著下降,血钙显著上升,均有显著性差异(P0.05);HP-HD组患者血磷、iPTH下降较HDF组更为显著,均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:HDF和HP联合HD均能有效调节血钙、清除血磷和iPTH水平,但HP联合HD较HDF效果更佳。     

血液透析联合血液灌流治疗急性肾损伤患者的疗效及对生化指标的影响

目的:探讨血液透析(HD)联合血液灌流(HF)治疗对急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的疗效以及对生化指标的影响。方法:选取2016年1月-2017年2月在我院进行治疗的AKI患者56例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各28例。对照组进行HD治疗,观察组进行HD联合HF治疗。治疗1个月后,比较两组患者血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)以及炎症因子水平,检验治疗疗效差异,并统计并发症发生情况。结果:治疗前,两组患者的Scr、BUN、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平无明显差异(P0.05),治疗1个月后,两组患者的Scr、BUN、CRP、TNF-α和IL-2水平均较治疗前明显降低,且观察组的上述指标均较对照组降低(P0.05);观察组的总有效率明显高于对照组(89.29%vs 64.29%)(P0.05);观察组并发症发生率为3.57%,明显低于对照组的21.43%(P0.05)。结论:HD联合HF治疗AKI患者具有较好的临床疗效,且能显著改善患者生化指标,控制炎症反应,较单用HD治疗优势明显,且安全性更高,值得临床推广应用。     

肾衰宁胶囊联合血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能及血液流变学的影响

目的:探讨肾衰宁胶囊联合血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能及血液流变学的影响。方法:选取中国医科大学本溪中心医院于2015年1月-2017年9月期间收治的慢性肾功能衰竭患者80例为研究对象。根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=40)与研究组(n=40),两组患者均给予血液透析治疗,研究组在此基础上联合使用肾衰宁胶囊治疗,疗程均为3个月。观察并比较两组患者治疗3个月后临床疗效及不良反应发生情况,比较两组患者治疗前、治疗3个月后血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平及全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞比容。结果:研究组患者总有效率为92.50%(37/40),高于对照组的67.50%(27/40),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗3个月后Scr、BUN水平较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05);而两组患者治疗3个月后eGFR水平较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组患者治疗3个月后的全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度以及红细胞比容均低于对照组(P0.05)。对照组不良反应发生率为7.50%,与研究组的10.00%比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:肾衰宁胶囊联合血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭患者有较好的治疗效果,能够改善患者肾功能状况,同时稳定患者血液流变学,并且安全性较好。     

乌司他丁联合连续性血液净化治疗重症急性胰腺炎的疗效及对炎性因子和T细胞亚群的影响

目的:探讨乌司他丁联合连续性血液净化(CBP)治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的疗效及对炎性因子和T细胞亚群的影响。方法:选取2016年5月～2018年9月期间我院收治的SAP患者117例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=58)和研究组(n=59),对照组在基础对症治疗的基础上给予乌司他丁治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合CBP治疗,比较两组临床疗效、临床各项指标改善情况、炎性因子以及T细胞亚群。结果:研究组治疗后临床总有效率为66.10%(39/59),高于对照组患者的46.55%(27/58)(P0.05)。研究组住院时间、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间、症状缓解时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05),CD8+较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁联合CBP治疗SAP患者,疗效显著,可有效改善患者临床症状,提高机体免疫功能,减轻机体炎症反应。     

血液灌流联合血液透析治疗尿毒症的临床价值分析

目的:探讨血液灌流联合血液透析治疗尿毒症的临床价值。方法:选取我院2014年5月~2016年4月接收血液透析的尿毒症患者90例,全部患者均采用血液透析进行维持性治疗,将其分为对照组(45例)与治疗组(45例)两组。对照组进行单纯的血液透析,而治疗组则在血液透析的基础上联合血液灌流进行治疗。观察和比较两组患者治疗前后血清肌酐(Cr)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、血液尿素氮(BUN)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、球蛋白、白蛋白、血常规、电解质的变化情况以及治疗后临床症状的改善情况。结果:治疗前,两组患者的血清Cr、β2-MG、BUN、PTH水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组患者的血清β2-MG、PTH水平较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),对照组患者各项指标无明显变化(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前后的球蛋白、白蛋白、血常规、电解质均无明显变化。治疗后,治疗组的临床不良反应改善率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与单纯的血液透析相比,血液灌注联合血液透析能够更有效清除尿毒症患者体内Cr、β2-MG、BUN、PTH的蓄积,改善不良反应,且不会引起球蛋白、白蛋白、血常规、电解质的变化而破坏内平衡。     

Renal Function and Hematology in Rats with Congenital Renal Hypoplasia

Renal hypoplasia due to a congenitally reduced number of nephrons progresses to chronic kidney disease and may cause renal anemia, given that the kidneys are a major source of erythropoietin in adults. Hypoplastic kidney (HPK) rats have only about 20% of the normal number of nephrons and develop CKD. This study assessed the renal function and hematologic changes in HPK rats from 70 to 210 d of age. HPK rats demonstrated deterioration of renal excretory function, slightly macrocytic erythropenia at all days examined, age-related increases in splenic hemosiderosis accompanied by a tendency toward increased hemolysis, normal plasma erythropoietin levels associated with increased hepatic and decreased renal erythropoietin production, and maintenance of the response for erythropoietin production to hypoxic conditions, with increased interstitial fibrosis at 140 d of age. These results indicate that increases in splenic hemosiderosis and the membrane fragility of RBC might be associated with erythropenia and that hepatic production of erythropoietin might contribute to maintaining the blood Hgb concentration in HPK rats.Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; HGN, hypogonadism; HPK, hypoplastic kidneyApproximately 10% to 13% of the general population has chronic kidney disease (CKD), including an estimated 13.3 million people in Japan.^13,15,20 Moreover, more than 1.1 million patients worldwide require maintenance dialysis, and that number continues to increase.²⁴ Determining the pathogenesis of CKD, identifying clinical makers of early stages of CKD, and developing effective methods to treat CKD are required, especially given that CKD has been reported to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with high mortality rates.^11,13,15 Patients with CKD are frequently anemic, due to a low level of erythropoietin and inhibition of erythropoiesis.^12,27 The decreased production of erythropoietin may result from the transdifferentiation of interstitial fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, resulting in increased production of extracellular matrix in the kidneys.^4,29 The number of nephrons in the kidneys at birth varies greatly,^5,19 and a congenital reduction in number of nephrons is thought to be related to the occurrence and prognosis of CKD.^9,17,18,21 Therefore, a CKD animal model with a reduced number of nephrons is useful for studying the pathophysiology of and treatments for CKD.Affected rats in the hypogonadism (HGN) inbred strain are characterized by male sterility due to hypogonadism,^37,41 reduced female fertility due to ovarian hypoplasia,^30,31 and progressive renal dysfunction due to bilateral hypoplastic kidneys (HPK).^32,33 These defects are controlled by a single autosomal recessive gene, hgn.^38,40 Linkage analysis and sequencing of candidate genes revealed a 25-bp duplicated insertion mutation in exon 7 of Astrin/Spag5, which encodes a microtubule-associated protein.³⁹ Because this mutation causes a premature terminal codon resulting in a truncated Astrin protein that lacks the primary spindle-targeting domain, the cause of the phenotype is considered to be a loss-of-function type mutation of the Astrin gene.^38,39 The recovery of normal fertility and renal function in homozygous mutant rats by a transgene comprising normal Astrin cDNA indicates that Astrin is required for normal testicular and renal development.²²The HGN strain was isolated from the sixth filial generation of a polygenic hydronephrotic rat strain derived from the original stock of the Wistar–Imamichi rat closed colony.⁴¹ Because the occurrence of hydronephrosis would influence renal development and function, we established another hypogonadism strain (HGN II) that was directly derived from the original closed colony.³⁶ The HGN II strain has been maintained by inbreeding between carriers, and the mutated gene responsible for the phenotype in the HGN II strain is identical to that in the HGN strain.³⁹ The affected rats of the HGN II strain show a similar phenotype as that of the HGN strain with regard to hypogonadism and HPK.^35,36Although male HPK rats in the HGN and HGN II strains have only about 20% of the nephrons present in normal kidney, the total glomerular filtration rate per kidney is compensated by hyperfiltration of individual glomeruli.^32,36 However, continuous glomerular hyperfiltration and functional overload of individual nephrons can result in a deterioration in renal excretion. Histologically, HPK rats demonstrate glomerular hypertrophy and dilation of the renal tubules.^32,36 As these rats age, cast formation in tubular lumen, glomerular sclerosis, and cellular infiltration into interstitial tissue occur.^33,35 In addition, age-related features of renal deterioration, including polyposia, polyuria, azotemia, albuminuria, and hypertension, follow,³⁵ and secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteodystrophy, and anemia emerge at advanced age in HPK rats.³³ Therefore HPK rats are a model for studying how a congenitally reduced nephron mass may induce CKD and secondary renal diseases, and HPK rats might be useful for identifying biomarkers related to these diseases. Because our previous studies in HPK rats^33,35 provided only limited information about the progression of CKD and renal anemia, the current study was designed to analyze multiple parameters related to renal function and hematology and to characterize the anemic tendencies in 70- to 210-d-old HPK rats. We found that the hematologic condition of HPK rats is characterized by reduced renal excretive function, erythropenia, increased hemolysis in the spleen, progressive renal fibrosis, and maintenance of normal plasma erythropoietin concentrations.