低/高温对暖通用SUS301L不锈钢离子渗氮层结构与耐磨性能的影响

为了提高暖通用SUS301L不锈钢表面的综合性能,在低温(500℃)和高温(900℃)2种温度下对其表面实施渗氮形成离子渗氮层,通过试验测试的方式分析了离子渗氮层的微观组织与耐磨特性.结果 表明:500℃渗氮处理后基体表面形成了约7 μm的离子渗氮层和平直分布的白亮组织,组织中只溶入了很低比例的氮;900℃进行渗氮处理后基体表面形成了23μm厚的离子渗氮层,该离子渗氮层的XRD谱中形成了CrN与N的衍射峰.经过500℃与900℃渗氮后试样都发生了硬度的大幅提升,硬度最大的是900℃下制得的离子渗氮层.500℃下制得的离子渗氮层的硬度随着载荷的提高而不断减小.相对于SUS301L不锈钢基体,离子渗氮层的摩擦系数更加稳定,表明离子渗氮层具有更优的摩擦磨损特性.离子渗氮层的磨痕深度与宽度相比基体均明显降低,900℃渗氮后的试样获得了比500℃渗氮后的试样更高的磨损量.     

纯铁及结构钢快速气体渗氮工艺及机理研究

研究了纯铁及38CrMoAlA钢分别在500℃、0~0.4MPa压力和510℃、0~0.5MPa压力条件下的氨气渗氮行为。提高渗氮压力可显著加速气体渗氮动力学过程,纯铁在500℃和0.4 MPa下气体渗氮处理5h后渗氮层厚度(1160μm)可同比达到常规渗氮层厚度(205μm)的5倍以上,而38CrMoAlA钢经510℃和0.5 MPa压力下渗氮5h后的渗氮层厚度(400μm)几乎与常规渗氮50h所得硬化层厚度(440μm)相当。同时,纯铁及38CrMoAlA钢渗氮层中ε-Fe2-3N与γ′-Fe4N的相比例、氮势及表层硬度均随压力的提高呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势。提出了一种合金结构钢表面高强高韧渗氮层快速复合制备工艺(增压渗氮+冷轧)。与一段式常规渗氮及增压渗氮工艺相比,复合工艺处理表层硬度及韧性均较优良,尤其高剪切应力磨损条件下复合处理表层的耐磨性能最优,在20~600℃热循环处理10~300次条件下复合处理表层的耐热疲劳性能最佳。研究了42CrMo钢在既定的渗氮周期内(6h)以NH3为介质,530℃及不同压力循环次数条件下的气体渗氮行为。在渗氮温度和总时间相同条件下,循环压力气体渗氮样品化合物层随压力循环次数的增加逐渐减薄,渗氮层整体厚度随压力循环次数的增加逐渐增加,同时渗氮表层韧性随压力循环次数的增加逐渐增强。     

离子渗氮温度对W9Mo3Cr4V钢渗层组织及性能的影响

目前,国内外对搅拌头材料W9Mo3Cr4V钢离子渗氮表面改性研究不多。采用金相分析、显微硬度测量、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了离子渗氮温度对W9Mo3Cr4V钢搅拌头显微组织和性能的影响,从而得出制备高硬度耐磨氮化层搅拌头的合适的离子渗氮温度。结果表明:经离子渗氮的W9Mo3Cr4V钢搅拌头表层获得了主要由ε相(Fe3N)和γ’相(Fe4N)组成的均匀渗氮层,且随着从表面到基体距离的增加,渗氮层的硬度呈现平缓的硬度梯度分布;480~560℃范围内,随离子渗氮温度升高,渗氮层厚度不断增加,渗氮层硬度也不断提高;ε相(Fe3N)衍射峰随离子渗氮温度升高而逐渐降低,γ’相(Fe_4N)衍射峰则呈逐渐升高的趋势。渗氮层厚度ζ与渗氮温度T的关系满足ζ=3.85×108e-9 141/T·τ。     

35CrMoA钢激光淬火-渗氮复合改性层微观组织及脆性

研究了气体渗氮层和激光淬火-渗氮层的相组成、微观结构、显微硬度及脆性。结果表明, 激光淬火-渗氮白亮层中ε-Fe₃N含量由14.74%增至69.45%, 而脆硬的ξ-Fe₂N含量由79.95%降至25.03%。表层的N含量降低, 渗氮层N浓度曲线降低趋势平缓, N的总扩散通量增加, 渗氮层厚度增加。激光淬火-渗氮层组织晶粒细小致密, 渗碳体分布在条状下贝氏体组织中, 硬度高的Cr₂N颗粒数目增加, 白亮层显微硬度值显著提高, 渗氮层脆断的临界压力由气体渗氮层的3 N提高到激光淬火-渗氮层的6 N。      

M2高速钢的影响表面复合强化的研究

对比了分别经可控渗氮、离子注入形成TiN及可控渗氮 +离子注入Ti2 +后 ,M2高速钢零件(精冲模 )的寿命实验 .结果表明 ,采用可控渗氮 +离子注入Ti2 +的复合处理工艺 ,可使零件的使用寿命获得明显提高 .断口分析、表面硬度测试、金相分析、XRD和AES分析表明 ,寿命的提高是由于 :①用Jonsson经验公式测得的该TiN注入层的真实硬度为HV3 0 0 0 ,TiN的超高硬度是寿命提高的根本原因 .②该复合工艺可使M2高速钢表面TiN注入层获得较厚较硬的氮化过度层 ,增强了膜基间的结合力 ,从而提高了零件的抗磨损和抗冲击性能 .③渗氮层增加了钛离子的注入深度 ,获得了更宽的TiN改性层 ,用JT -PRII所得到的模拟计算结果与此吻合得很好 .     

渗氮技术与渗氮钢应用综述

综述了包括气体渗氮、离子渗氮、洁净氮化、两段氮化和高频氮化等现有渗氮技术的应用现状,比较了它们的技术参数和优缺点。与渗碳相比较,简述了渗氮处理对零件表面强化的优点和实用性,并对渗氮钢的发展做了介绍。分析了各种合金元素和稀土元素对渗氮钢渗氮性能的影响。最后,展望了渗氮技术和渗氮钢的开发。     

浅谈渗氮表面磨削加工技术

现代机械工程中大量采用新科技材料以满足强度和减重的需要,某些轴类零件采用1Cr11Ni2W2MoV材料。这些零件在渗氮后磨削过程中容易出现磨削裂纹的现象,为了提高零件加工的合格率,在人员和设备不变的情况下,改进工艺参数,选用白刚玉砂轮代替硬度较高的单晶刚玉砂轮,加强对零件的冷却力度,选择合理的切削要素。经过现场多批量零件的试制生产,改进后的工艺参数能有效降低零件出现裂纹的现象,大大提高了零件的合格率。     

硬度法测定渗氮层深度结果的测量不确定评定及分析

主要以综合评定法对硬度法测定渗氮层深度结果的测量不确定度来源进行了分析,分别讨论了硬度法测定总渗氮层和有效渗氮层深度由于界限硬度值要求不同,导致引入的标准不确定度分量不同,并对每个标准不确定度分量进行了评定。结果表明：在相同试验条件和方法下,硬度法测定总渗氮层深度结果测量不确定度明显小于硬度法测定有效渗氮层深度结果测量不确定度。其原因在于试验测定结果重复性引入的标准不确定度分量是硬度法测定总渗氮层深度结果测量不确定度主要来源;而硬度法测定有效渗氮层深度结果测量不确定度主要来源却是由计算模型中插入的界限硬度值引入的。另外,采用硬度法测定深度,应注意硬度计工作台移动的分度值和垂直度偏差对测量结果的影响。     

纯钛材离子渗氮后在Hank’s人工模拟体液中的电化学性能

为了提高纯钛材的表面硬度及耐蚀性,使之更适应人体环境,对铸态纯钛材表面进行离子渗氮。利用能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及显微硬度计研究了渗氮钛材的成分、相结构、形貌及硬度,利用动电位极化曲线及交流阻抗谱对比研究了纯钛材及离子渗氮钛材在37℃的Hank’s人工模拟体液中的电化学行为。结果表明:经过650℃渗氮处理后,铸态纯钛材表面形成了17μm的梯度渗氮层,其相组成为α-Ti(N),Ti2N,TiN;表面显微硬度约为(650±20)HV,为铸态纯钛材的2.3倍;离子渗氮钛材的耐蚀性明显提高。     

离子渗氮对耐磨性的影响

对四种离子渗氮工艺条件下的３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ新渗氮钢进行了磨损试验研究。通过Ｘ射线衍射表面相结构分析以及测量表明硬度，截面硬度梯度，化合物层厚度和渗氮层深度等试验结果表明，离子渗氮前的原始组织对３０Ｃｒ２ＭｏＶ钢耐磨性影响较小，而对３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ钢的耐磨性影响较大。离子渗氮工艺条件对这两种钢耐磨性具有一最佳值。     

Effects of conventional and active screen plasma nitriding on properties of electroless Ni–B coating

Abstract

In the present study, the properties of nitrided electroless Ni–B coatings prepared by conventional plasma nitriding and active screen plasma nitriding were investigated. For this purpose, electroless Ni–B coatings were deposited from an alkaline bath on AISI 4140 substrates. Then, some of the prepared coatings were plasma nitrided by conventional method and the other ones by active screen method under the same conditions. Microstructure, morphology, microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings were evaluated. Based on the results, post-treatments change the amorphous as deposited coating structure to a crystalline one, which increases microhardness and wear resistance. Employing plasma nitriding treatment on the coatings results in higher microhardness and superior wear resistance than conventional heat treatment. The sputtering of iron atoms during plasma nitriding process can be the main reason for these results. In addition, active screen plasma nitriding demonstrates less surface roughness and superior wear resistance than conventional plasma nitriding.     

H13钢气体氮化工艺参数的优化

运用正交试验法,研究H13钢气体渗氮工艺.以获得较高表面硬度和渗层厚度为依据,分析影响渗氮层结构和性能的主要工艺因素,确定出最佳工艺参数.采用光学显微镜及X射线衍射研究渗氮层的组织结构,采用显微硬度计测定化合物层的显微硬度.结果表明,影响渗氮层硬度和厚度的主要因素是渗氮温度和氛气分解率,最大渗层厚度为244.3μm,最...     

Improving the performance properties of valve martensitic steel by glow discharge-assisted nitriding

The paper presents the results of examinations of the microstructure and performance properties of martensitic steel martensitic steel subjected to glow discharge-assisted nitriding. The effects of the process temperature and the chemical composition of the gaseous atmosphere on the microhardness, corrosion resistance and frictional wear resistance were examined. It has been found that glow discharge nitriding increases the microhardness of the steel and improves significantly its frictional wear resistance.     

不同温度下等离子渗氮后TC4钛合金的摩擦磨损性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用等离子渗氮技术提升TC4钛合金的耐磨性并探究最优渗氮温度。利用LDM 1-100型等离子渗氮设备,在650,700,750,800,850℃和900℃温度下对TC4钛合金进行渗氮处理,保温时间均为10 h。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、白光三维形貌仪、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计分别对不同温度渗氮试样的微观组织结构、表面形貌、表面粗糙度、相结构和硬度进行表征。利用CETR UMT-3型多功能摩擦磨损试验机测试等离子渗氮后TC4钛合金的摩擦学性能。结果表明:TC4钛合金表面显微硬度和粗糙度随温度升高而增大,在900℃渗氮后TC4钛合金表面显微硬度达到了1318HV 0.05,约为基体(360HV 0.05)的4倍。硬度的升高是由于渗氮后试样表面形成了硬质氮化物相(TiN和Ti2N相),且随着渗氮温度升高氮化物的含量增加。相较于低温渗氮(低于750℃)的试样,850℃和900℃渗氮试样的承载能力显著提升。与原始TC4试样相比,渗氮处理后试样的磨损体积显著降低。当渗氮温度为850℃时,试样磨损体积为未处理试样磨损体积的1.2%(1 N),3.0%(3 N)和62.2%(5 N),试样的耐磨性提升更为显著。     

The Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Treatment of Nitrided Steels for Wear Resistance

Surface engineering approach to increase surface properties such as wear resistance performed by pulsed magnetic treatment of nitrided steels was studied. Selected steel surfaces were treated by pulsed magnetic treatment and plasma ion nitriding with different optimized process parameters. The obtained microstructures were examined to study the influence of magnetic treatment on ion nitriding. SEM, AES, microhardness measurements, and image analyser were used to characterize the surface and interface. The results of this study show that pulsed magnetic treatment reduces residual stresses on the surface, improves the bonding of deposited nitride layers to substrate, influences the nitride layers, case depth, and surface hardness formation and increases the wear resistance.     

表面激光织构化复合盐浴渗氮改性304钢的摩擦学特性

为了较大程度上提高304钢在各工业领域的应用,采用M-DPSS-50半导体激光打标机在304钢基体表面刻蚀出直径及间距分别为269,131μm的点坑状织构,之后采用盐浴渗氮炉对织构化表面进行渗氮处理。分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜及显微硬度测试仪检测复合改性表面的化学成分、表面形貌及表面显微硬度;采用微机控制多功能摩擦磨损试验机测试复合改性表面的摩擦学性能。结果表明:织构化处理获取了规则的织构点坑表面,盐浴渗氮处理后表面的显微硬度达到574.27 HV1 N,大大高于304钢基体表面的222.58 HV1 N。渗氮光滑表面的抗磨减摩特性都显著优于304钢基体表面,而复合改性表面又都明显优于渗氮光滑表面,说明复合改性表面具有极为优异的抗磨减摩特性。     

Effect of plasma nitriding on electrodeposited Ni–Al composite coating

In this study plasma nitriding is applied on nickel–aluminum composite coating, deposited on steel substrate. Ni–Al composite layers were fabricated by electro-deposition process in Watt’s bath containing Al particles. Electrodeposited specimens were subjected to plasma atmosphere comprising of N₂–20% H₂, at 500 °C, for 5 h. The surface morphology investigated, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the surface roughness was measured by use of contact method. Chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and formation of AlN phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The corrosion resistance of composite coatings was measured by potentiodynamic polarization in 3.5% NaCl solution. The obtained results show that plasma nitriding process leads to an increase in microhardness and corrosion resistance, simultaneously.     

The investigation of mechanical properties of ion-nitrided AISI 5140 low-alloy steel

The ion nitriding behavior of AISI 5140 low-alloy steel was investigated under different process parameters including time (1, 4, 8, and 12 h), temperature (400, 450, 500, and 550 °C), and gas mixture ratio (0.05, 0.33, and 3 N₂/H₂). The ion nitriding properties of AISI 5140 steel have been assessed by evaluating fatigue strength, hardness profile, compound layer thickness, and case depth by using a rotating bending fatigue machine, a microhardness tester, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). It was found that ion nitriding improves the fatigue strength, which depends on increasing the case depth, but the compound layer does not have a dominant effect on the fatigue strength. After the fatigue tests, sections of ion-nitrided specimens were observed to have failed by the fish eye phenomenon with the fatigue cracks originating from nonmetallic inclusions.     

表面纳米化预处理对316L不锈钢渗氮层摩擦学性能的影响

为改善奥氏体不锈钢的表面硬度和耐磨性,采用超声滚压与离子渗氮复合工艺对316L不锈钢表面进行了表面强化处理。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、硬度计、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和能谱仪以及摩擦磨损试验机等测定了渗氮层的硬度、深度、含氮量和物相组成,研究了表面晶层组织结构对离子渗氮行为和渗氮层在润滑油条件下摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:直接渗氮和超声滚压/渗氮试样表层组织均由S、γ'、ε和Cr N相组成,渗氮层厚度均为20μm,直接渗氮层以S相为主,超声滚压后渗氮层以ε和γ'相为主,组织结构较为致密;超声滚压/渗氮层的平均渗氮含量是直接渗氮层的2.88倍,摩擦系数降低了0.04,显微硬度和耐磨性是直接渗氮层的1.15倍和2.76倍;超声滚压处理诱使316L不锈钢表面形成的纳米晶层组织结构增强了渗氮试样表面的催渗效能和对渗氮层的支撑强度,超声滚压后渗氮试样的表面耐磨性能最好。     

Research on new rapid and deep plasma nitriding techniques of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel

Cyclic plasma oxynitriding and cyclic plasma nitriding catalyzed by rare earth La of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel were performed and compared with conventional plasma nitriding. The nitrided layers were investigated by means of an optical microscope, microhardness tester, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), wear machine, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the wear resistance of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel is improved significantly by the two new rapid and deep plasma nitriding techniques. The new techniques increase the surface hardness of the nitrided layers and make the microhardness profiles gentler, which are consistent with the nitrogen concentration depth profiles. Meanwhile, the nitrided effect improves with increasing cycles. It was also found that the optimum phase compositions of nitrided layers with more γ′ phases and less ? phases for long-term service conditions can be obtained by the two new techniques, which is in agreement with the microstructure. In addition, traces of Fe₃O₄ were found in the cyclic plasma oxynitrided sample. Combining the SEM and EDS analysis indicated the existence of La in the nitrided layer of the sample under cyclic plasma nitriding catalyzed by rare earth La.