羟基铁交联累托石的制备及其吸附性能

采用氯化铁对累托石进行柱撑改性,研究了最佳改性条件和热力学规律.氯化铁与累托石进行阳离子交换,调节pH,完成羟基化,制备出羟基铁交联累托石.试验得到的最佳条件为:羟基铁交联pH=7,氯化铁用量0.5mmol/g,液固比25∶1,温度60℃,阳离子交换时间6h,羟基铁交联时间3h.在此条件下制备的羟基铁交联累托石对亚甲基蓝的吸附量为163.67mg/g,吸附量较未改性的累托石有了明显的增加.热力学分析表明:改性累托石吸附亚甲基蓝过程的热力学符合Langmuir模式.     

金属盐类改性累托石的制备及吸附性能

为得到吸附性能更优的废水处理材料,在最适宜改性条件下采用氯化铁溶液、碳酸锂草酸溶液和焦磷酸钠溶液分别制得铁盐改性累托石、锂盐改性累托石和钠盐改性累托石;取原累托石和三种盐类改性累托石为吸附剂,考察原累托石与改性累托石对亚甲基蓝、甲基紫、孔雀石绿和中性红4种染料废水的吸附效果,其中累托石用量0.1 g,染料废水用量200 mL质量浓度为100 mg/L.结果表明:3种盐类改性累托石对4种染料废水的去除率和平衡吸附量明显优于原累托石,3种盐类改性累托石中铁盐改性累托石和锂盐改性累托石吸附效果优于钠盐改性累托石.对原累托石及3种盐类改性累托石进行扫描电镜分析,发现改性后累托石层间距明显增大,且改性过程并未改变累托石的片层结构. 由此可见,盐类改性累托石具有优良的吸附性能,其中铁盐改性累托石和锂盐改性累托石的吸附性能更优.     

改性累托石吸附处理亚甲基蓝机理研究

改性累托石用于亚甲基蓝染料废水处理更具普适性.改性累托石能较好的用Langmuir公式和Freundlich公式来描述,改性累托石的Langmuir表达为Ce/qe=0.020 96+0.015 51Ce,Freundlich表达式为lgqe=1.695 52+0.057 03 lgCe.分别用lagergren准一级、准二级吸附速率模型、Bangham模型和Elovich模型对改性累托石吸附亚甲蓝的吸附动力学过程进行拟合.除Lagergren准一级动力学方程外,其他三种动力学方程的拟合线性系数都较高,说明这三种动力学模式都能很好的描述本试验吸附过程动力学规律.     

累托石负载阳离子吸附处理含Cd(Ⅱ)废水实验研究

在静态条件下研究了改性累托石对重金属离子Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附特性,考察了不同条件下改性累托石对含Cd(Ⅱ)废水的处理能力.结果表明:改性累托石对镉的吸附符合Langmuir模型,改性累托石加入量对镉的吸附影响较大,在pH6.5、改性累托石加入量为1.2e,/L、吸附时间90min条件下,改性累托石对镉的去除率可达98%.     

改性活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学

采用超声波对活性炭进行改性,并考察了改性活性炭用量m、吸附时间t、操作温度θ的变化对亚甲基蓝水样脱色的影响。实验证明在活性炭用量0.04 g,吸附时间350 min,操作温度70℃条件下,达到了改性活性炭饱和吸附量195.68 mg.g-1,亚甲基蓝水样平衡质量浓度0.759 mg.L-1的最佳吸附效果。改性活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,相关系数R2〉0.99。同时对亚甲基蓝通过活性炭固定床的穿透曲线进行了研究。     

累托石复合颗粒的制备及其吸附性能研究

以累托石为吸附材料,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为粘结剂,海藻酸钠(SA)为稳定剂,含2%氯化钙的饱和硼酸溶液为交联剂,制备累托石复合颗粒.研究了累托石、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、海藻酸钠(SA)用量、交联浸泡时间、粒径等因素对累托石复合颗粒吸附性能的影响.结果表明:在静态吸附试验条件下,累托石:PVA=3 2、SA=0.03 g(累托石3 g)、交联时间4 h、粒径3 mm,制备得到的累托石复合颗粒对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能最好.该吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型.     

改性菌糠对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附

为开发廉价、高效、环保的亚甲基蓝吸附剂,以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为改性剂,对菌糠进行改性,吸附处理水中的亚甲基蓝.通过动力学拟合、ATR-FTIR和SEM分析,探讨改性菌糠对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附机理,研究改性菌糠投加量、染料初始浓度、溶液pH及吸附时间对改性菌糠吸附处理水中亚甲基蓝的影响.结果表明:改性菌糠对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果较未改性菌糠明显增强;提高溶液p H和吸附时间可以增加改性菌糠对亚甲基蓝的吸附量.当改性菌糠投加量为4 g/L、溶液pH为10、吸附时间为120 min时对100 mg/L亚甲基蓝的吸附效果最好,吸附量可达23.21 mg/g,脱色率可达93.18%;改性菌糠对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合准一阶动力学方程,说明其为物理吸附;改性菌糠的重复利用性好,再生3次后对亚甲基蓝的脱色率仍达90%以上.     

生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学

采用静态吸附试验确定生物炭吸附的最适宜温度、振荡速度、亚甲基蓝初始浓度、生物炭投加量及吸附时间的范围,选择吸附温度、亚甲基蓝初始浓度、生物炭的投加量进行正交实验,得到最优吸附工艺条件:反应温度35℃,生物炭的投加量0.4g,亚甲基蓝的浓度45mg/L,生物炭对亚甲基蓝的去除率98.6%,吸附量5.54mg/g.最优条件下的动力学研究表明亚甲基蓝溶质分子在两相界面上进行的吸附达到平衡时,亚甲基蓝浓度与生物炭的吸附量之间符合Freundlich吸附等温线.吸附动力学特性符合准二级吸附动力学,生物炭对于亚甲基蓝的吸附以化学吸附为速率控制步骤.     

SDS改性沸石吸附亚甲基蓝的研究

以表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）对沸石进行改性,改性后的沸石对亚甲基蓝溶液进行吸附,以紫外可见分光光度计分析最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明：SDS改性沸石吸附亚甲基蓝的最佳投入量为O．2g;平衡时间为25min;随着亚甲基蓝溶液的初始浓度增大,吸附量增大;溶液中其他阳离子存在竞争吸附。吸附过程可用伪二级反应动力学方程来描述,吸附活化能较小,主要为物理吸附过程。     

累托石层孔材料在废水处理中的应用研究(VI)——糖蜜废水的处理

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)或四氯化钛与累托石进行交联改性制备累托石层孔材料,并用其吸附经预处理后的糖蜜废水.结果表明:当废水中CTMAB累托石层孔材料用量为50g/L,pH=3.0,常温吸附60min时,COD去除率可达73.6%以上.吸附遵循Freundlish等温吸附式Γ=8.607Ce0.331,表观吸附速率常数K295=0.0514min-1;吸附热力学参数:ΔH=-7.732kJ/mol,ΔG=-5.772kJ/mol,ΔS=-6.112J/(mol.K).钛累托石层孔材料对糖蜜废水吸附最佳pH值为10,用量为30g/L,吸附1h,其对废水中COD的吸附量可达27.6mg/g;钛累托石层孔材料对糖蜜废水的吸附热力学参数为:ΔH=-40.7kJ/mol,ΔS=-46.2J/(mol.K),ΔG=-26.93kJ/mol.     

Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto hydrochloric acid-modified rectorite

H+-rectorite clay,which was prepared by modifying the raw rectorite with 10% hydrochloric acid at 60 °C for 24 h,was used as an absorbent for removal of methyl blue (MB) from aqueous solutions.The morphology and the structure and crystallinity of the pristine rectorite and the H+-rectorite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique,respectively.The results showed that the H+-rectorite exhibited high adsorption ability than the raw rectorite,and it was found that the removal percentage of MB increased with increasing in adsorbents dose,whereas the adsorption amount qe (mg/g) decreased.The equilibrium was attained within 30 min in adsorption process,and the maximum adsorption capacity of H+-rectorite for methylene blue reached as high as 37 mg/g.Besides,the effect of temperature on the adsorption of MB with H+-rectorite was investigated and the equilibrium data were well fitted to Freundlich equations.The H+-rectorite absorbent saturated with MB can be regenerated by calcinating at 400 °C for 2 h and the regenerated absorbent still showed higher percentage removal of MB.     

累托石/TiO_2复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了改性累托石/TiO2光催化剂,运用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对其进行了表征.结果表明,累托石结构中负载了纳米TiO2.以300 W紫外灯为光源,以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,得到制备交联钠化累托石/TiO2复合材料的最佳条件是盐酸浓度为0.2 mol/L,TiO2与累托石添加比例为5 mmol/g,复合材料的煅烧温度为500℃.研究了累托石/TiO2光催化剂的光催化性能,当用紫外灯光照20m in,反应温度为30℃,溶液pH为6时,亚甲基蓝的去除率达到90%以上.     

超声波和添加剂对活性炭中孔及吸附性能的影响

以商品活性炭为原料、碳酸钾和助剂为复合添加剂,浸渍过程采用超声波处理,进行再活化、酸洗、水洗.通过测定所制备活性炭的碘值、亚甲蓝值及氮气吸附、脱附等温线,研究了添加剂和超声波处理对活性炭碘值、亚甲蓝值及中孔结构的影响.结果表明:复合添加剂有利于提高活性炭碘值和亚甲蓝值;在浸渍过程中采用超声波处理,相对于常规浸渍,更加有利于提高活性炭吸附性能和中孔率,但是活性炭的碘值、亚甲蓝值和中孔率随着超声波功率和时间的增加而降低.试验范围内,超声波功率40 W,处理时间50 min时,活性炭的吸附性能及中孔率最高.     

Zr掺杂介孔硅对亚甲基蓝的选择性吸附性能

Mesoporous silica with worm-like channels was synthesized using hydroxyethyl cellulose as template and sodium metasilicate as silicon source. Adsorbents with different Zr content were prepared by direct synthesis method （named as Zr-HECMS-D）and post-grafting method （named as Zr-HECMS-P）respectively. Selective adsorption performance of each adsorbent for methylene blue in methylene blue/methyl orange mixed solution was evaluated. The results show that the optimum pH value of the adsorption process is 10.Under acidic conditions,Zr-HECMS-D with Zr/Si molar ratio of 0.02 and Zr-HECMS-P with Zr/Si molar ratio of 0.01 have the best selective adsorption performances, and the methylene blue removal efficiency is proportional to the proportion of O in Zr-O-Si on the surface of adsorbents as well. The metal doping amount has little effect on the selectivity under alkaline conditions. The adsorption process is conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption equilibrium is conformed to the Langmuir adsorption model.
     

磁性活性炭的制备及其吸附性能

为改善粉末活性炭的可分离性,采用化学共沉淀法制备新型磁性活性炭,以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物配制染料废水,对粉末态磁性活性炭对目标污染物的处理效能进行探讨,并与粉末活性炭处理效果进行对比,考察p H、接触时间以及污染物质量浓度对其处理效能的影响.结果表明:合成的粉末态磁性活性炭吸附能力高于粉末活性炭,p H为影响其处理效能的关键因素,偏碱性的p H和适宜的接触时间有利于污染物的去除.当亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、磁性活性炭投量为0.4 g/L、p H为9、反应时间为300 min时,亚甲基蓝的去除率达98.9%.亚甲基蓝在磁性活性炭上的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线和Elovich动力学模型,热力学分析表明,该吸附过程为自发进行的单分子层吸热反应,且以化学吸附为主.该磁性活性炭具有很好的分离性能,在自然重力沉降条件下10 min内沉淀完全,而在外强磁场作用下30 s内可实现快速分离.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the adsorption of methylene blue onto ACFs

The kinetics and mechanism of methylene blue (MB) adsorption onto activated carbon fibers (ACFs) have been studied.The effects of various experimental parameters, such as the initial MB concentration and the ACF mass, on the adsorption rate were investigated. Equilibrium data were fit well by a Freundlich isotherm equation. Adsorption measurements show that the process is very fast. The adsorption data were modeled using first- and second-order kinetic equations and intra-particle diffusion models. It was found that the first-order kinetic equation could best describe the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption process was found to be complex and controlled by both surface and pore diffusion with surface diffusion at the earlier stages, followed by pore diffusion at the later stages. The thermodynamic parameters △G0, △S0 and △H0, have been calculated. The thermodynamics of the MB-ACF system indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous.     

氯化锌活化法制备棉花秸秆活性炭的研究

以棉花秸秆为原料,采用氯化锌活化法在不同操作条件下制备活性炭,通过检测活性炭样品的比表面积、亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值,探讨了浸渍比（氯化锌与原料的质量比）、活化时间和活化温度等操作条件对活性炭样品性能的影响。实验结果表明,在实验条件范围内,氯化锌活化法制备棉花秸秆活性炭适宜的操作条件如下：浸渍比为1.5：1,活化温度为550℃左右,活化时间为90 min,在较优条件下制得活性炭的比表面积可达1 403 m2/g,碘吸附值可达1 188 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值可达238 mg/g。     

Preparation of Granulated Adsorption Material of Water-quenched Slag/rectorite Composite for Removal of Cu (Ⅱ) Ions from Copper Smelter Wastewater

The preparation of granulated adsorption material of water-quenched slag/rectorite composite and the treatment of Cu (Ⅱ)-containing copper smelter wastewater with the adsorption material were studied. The experimental results showed that under the conditions with the mass ratio of water-quenched slag to rectorite of 1:1, 10% additive of industrial starch (IS), and 50% water, and a calcination temperature of 400℃, the granulated adsorption material prepared had a density of 1.06kg/m3, a porosity of 62.29%, water absorption rate of 58.82%, and compressive strength of 2.22MPa. The efficiency of wastewater treatment was the best, whereas the rate of spallation loss was low. Under the conditions of natural pH, with the addition of the granulated adsorption material of 0.05g/mL, a reaction time of 40 minutes, and temperature of 25℃, the efficiency of the granulated adsorption material for the removal of Cu (Ⅱ) ions from the copper smelter wastewater attained 98.2%, and the quality indexes of the wastewater after treatment conformed with the first level of integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996). The reclamation of the used granulated adsorption material was carried out by de-sorption of the Cu (Ⅱ) ions from the surface with 1mol/L sodium chloride solution. The de-sorption rate was 96.4%, and the adsorption material can be reused many times to treat copper smelter wastewater.