老年人鼻出血38例分析

鼻出血是病理条件下人体最多见的出血[1],是耳鼻喉科最常见的急症,老年人常患高血压、动脉硬化及伴各个器官不同程度的功能衰退,而且多数患者恐惧死亡引起精神紧张,了解老年人生理及心理特点,提高防范,快速有效施治非常必要,现将我院2004年1月～2006年12月诊治的严重老年人鼻出血38例总结如下。     

2007年1～11月全国医药行业经济运行情况分析

通过参考2007年1～11月医药行业统计数据，对全国医药行业经济运行情况进行了分析。结果显示，全国医药行业生产、销售保持快速增长，但产销率下降，出口增速减缓。虽然成本费用在提升，但经济效益出现了大幅度提升。     

"心希望工程"为社区群众带来佳音大型冠心病社区健康干预全面启动

冠心病在社区中是老年人群最常见的慢性疾病之一,如何来采取行动,以减慢和抑制这一慢性病上升的趋势已成为当务之急. 由中国医师协会和上海和黄药业共同发起的"心希望工程",自2007年3月正式启动以来,已在北京、上海以及浙江、江苏、广东、辽宁、山东等地的大、中城市取得了良好的社会反响.     

上医股份以最快的速度送出抗震救灾急救药品

5月12日,四川省汶川地区发生强烈地震以后,作为国家战备药品储备基地、军队战备药材代储企业的上海市医药股份有限公司,在国家重大突发事件面前,表现出高度的社会责任感,迅速启动了药品应急供应绿色通道,截至5月13日下午4点,已经送出第一批急救药品887件,并向上海市红十字会捐赠急救药品(价值人民币87.48万元).     

"入籍的中国女婿"——马海德大夫两三事

乔治·海德姆有了中国名儿 乔治·海德姆1910年9月生于美国纽约州水牛城一个阿拉伯移民家庭,祖籍黎巴嫩.他的父亲是个工人.乔治·海德姆靠奖学金资助完成了学业.1933年,23岁的他毕业于瑞士日内瓦医科大学,并获博士学位.受时代的影响,他毕业后就来到中国,结识了宋庆龄等人,因此得以在1936年和斯诺一起来到陕北.     

一动,一热,一冷,一烤霍英东勇斗癌魔4法宝

杰出的社会活动家、著名爱国人士、香港知名实业家、全国政协副主席霍英东先生于2006年10月28日在北京逝世,享年83岁.霍英东先生生前与癌症斗争了23年多,他的精神值得大家学习.霍英东先生是香港著名的大企业家,他热爱祖国,乐善好施,经常慷慨捐资救灾或为国家、社会、民众办好事和实事.     

丙酮酸对糖尿病大鼠晶状体氧化损伤与能量代谢的作用

目的:探讨丙酮酸对大鼠糖尿病性白内障的抑制作用.方法:Wistar大鼠120只,随机分为对照组、模型组及治疗组3组.模型组、治疗组应用链脲佐茵(STZ)诱发糖尿病.治疗组饲料及饮水中添加2%丙酮酸钠.在实验4、8、12周观察3组大鼠晶状体组织中GSH、MDA以及ATP的变化.结果:模型组与对照组比较,晶状体组织中GSH及ATP含量明显下降,MAD水平升高.而治疗组上述指标有不同程度改善.结论:丙酮酸减轻氧化应激反应,改善晶状体的能量代谢,抑制糖尿病性白内障的发生.     

抗震救灾捐赠药品的科学管理

2008年5月12日汶川发生8.0级大地震,引起了全世界的注意,也牵动了祖国各地人民的心.在地震发生后,祖国各地的企事业单位和个人通过各种形式表现自己的关注,很多制药企业通过捐赠药品的方式表达自己的爱心.作为四川省急救中心专门负责捐赠药品的部门,我们在具体工作中总结了一些经验,也发现了一些问题,在此提出,供参考和借鉴.     

川芎DNA提取方法的研究

目的 以伞形科蒿本属植物川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.叶为材料,研究川芎DNA的提取方法 .方法 分别采取CTAB法、高盐低pH法、木本植物DNA提取法、改良高盐低pH法提取基因组DNA,并对4种方法进行了改进.通过0.9%琼脂糖凝胶电泳和RAPD两种方法检测所提取的DNA样品.结果 比较DNA产量、质量等,确定了木本植物DNA提取法最佳.结论 木本植物DNA提取法为最佳方法.     

环孢素A眼膜研制

目的：研制环孢素A眼膜的给药新剂型，考察其稳定性、刺激性，为进一步开发眼膜提供经验。方法：以聚乙烯醇，羧甲基纤维素钠为骨架，制备环孢素A眼膜。结果：制剂稳定，工艺简单，刺激性小，使用方便。结论：环孢素A缓释眼膜是一种良好的新剂型，值得开发应用。     

广泛全子宫切除术后围术期盆底肌肉功能锻炼对膀胱功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨盆底肌肉功能锻炼对广泛性全宫切除术后患者膀胱功能恢复的影响.方法 对我院从2009~2012年收治的93例子宫颈癌行广泛全子宫切除术后患者围术期进行一般护理及盆底肌肉训练.比较其尿潴留及尿路感染的发生率.结果 实行了盆底肌肉功能锻炼的患者组,其发生尿潴留及尿路感染的几率与未进行盆底肌肉功能锻炼的患者组差别显著,盆底肌肉功能锻炼组发生尿潴留及尿路感染发生率分别为19.6%、25.5%.对照组尿潴留及尿路感染的发生率分别为23.8%、35.7%.两组尿潴留及尿路感染发生率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对广泛全子宫切除术患者进行盆底肌肉功能锻炼对膀胱功能恢复有显著影响,能大大降低尿潴留及尿路感染的发生率.     

偏头痛患者听功能及前庭功能状态的临床研究

目的:探讨偏头痛患者听功能及前庭功能表现与原发病的关系。方法:随机选择31例偏头痛患者及31例对照组患者,收集详细病史,并测定其纯音听阈和声导抗以及视频眼震图。结果:偏头痛患者中有2例(3耳)出现听阈上升,均为感音神经性耳聋,声导抗无明显异常。偏头痛患者中有10例出现眩晕症状(对照组无明显眩晕症状)。偏头痛组视频眼震图各参数与对照组相比有不同程度的差异。结论:偏头痛患者有听功能的下降,无中耳传音功能的异常。一部分偏头痛患者出现眩晕,与偏头痛发作有密切关系。偏头痛患者不仅有周围性前庭功能的异常,也可以有中枢性前庭功能的异常。偏头痛患者进行前庭功能的检查,有助于该病的诊断和治疗。     

Thyroid function

Normal thyroid status is dependent on the presence of many trace elements for both the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones. Iodine is most important as a component of the hormones, thyroxine and 3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine (T3) and iodine deficiency may affect approximately one billion people throughout the world. Selenium is essential for normal thyroid hormone metabolism being involved with selenium-containing iodothyronine de-iodinases that control the synthesis and degradation of the biologically active thyroid hormone, T3. Additionally, selenoperoxidases and thioredoxin reductase protect the thyroid gland from peroxides produced during the synthesis of hormones. The roles of iron, zinc and copper in the thyroid are less well defined but sub- or supraoptimal dietary intakes of all these elements can adversely affect thyroid hormone metabolism.     

The ER function BiP is a master regulator of ER function

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a command center of the cell that is second only to the nucleus in terms of the breadth of its influence on other organelles and activities. It is a major site of protein synthesis, contains the cellular calcium stores that are an essential component of many signaling pathways, and is the proximal site of a signal transduction cascade that responds to cellular stress conditions and serves to maintain homeostasis of the cell. All eucaryotic cells possess an ER, which can comprise nearly 50% of the membranes of a cell. Its functions can be divided into those that occur on the cytosolic side of the membrane (where protein translation and signal transduction cascades occur) and the luminal space (where most other ER functions take place). Our studies during the past several years have revealed that the ER molecular chaperone BiP is a master regulator of ER function. It is responsible for maintaining the permeability barrier of the ER during protein translocation, directing protein folding and assembly, targeting misfolded proteins for retrograde translocation so they can be degraded by the proteasome, contributing to ER calcium stores, and sensing conditions of stress in this organelle, to activate the mammalian unfolded protein response.     

Protection of endothelial function

The vascular endothelium synthesizes and releases a spectrum of vasoactive substances and therefore plays a fundamental role in the basal and dynamic regulation of the circulation. Nitric oxide (NO)--originally described as endothelium-derived relaxing factor--is released from endothelial cells in response to shear stress produced by blood flow, and in response to activation of a variety of receptors. After diffusion from endothelial to vascular smooth muscle cells, NO increases intracellular cyclic guanosine-monophosphat concentrations by activation of the enzyme guanylate cyclase leading to relaxation of the smooth muscle cells. NO has also antithrombogenic, antiproliferative, leukocyte-adhesion inhibiting effects, and influences myocardial contractility. Endothelium-derived NO-mediated vascular relaxation is impaired in spontaneously hypertensive animals. NO decomposition by free oxygen radicals is a major mechanism of impaired NO bioavailability. The resulting imbalance of endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting substances disturbs the nor- mal function of the vascular endothelium. Endothelin acts as the natural counterpart to endothelium-derived NO. In man, besides its effect of increasing arterial blood pressure, ET-1 induces vascular and myocardial hypertrophy, which are independent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Current therapeutic strategies concentrate mainly on lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an impressive reduction in the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been achieved. Inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in vascular disease and inflammatory plasma markers correlate with prognosis. Novel therapeutic strategies specifically targeting inflammation thus bear great potential for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic vascular disease.