材料信息学的研究现状及发展趋势分析

材料信息学属于材料科学和信息科学的交叉学科,在组合材料科学、材料设计和新材料发现等领域中得到了广泛的应用.从材料信息的数据量和复杂性的大大提高,谈到了材料科学面临的四大难题和挑战,阐述了材料信息学出现的背景,列举了材料信息学的概念,提出了材料信息学的主要研究内容.对材料信息学的国内外研究及应用现状进行了综述,最后针对存在的问题分析了材料信息学的发展趋势.     

选材系统的设计与实现

介绍一个基于材料科学数据库的选材系统。该系统按照开放性的原则设计，将材料科学数据分为三大部分：仅与材料成分有关的基本材料数据，材料加工和应用过程中产生的材料加工工艺和性能数据，材料产品的生产供应等商业信息。     

人工神经网络在材料科学研究中的应用

人工神经网络模型已成为材料科学中广泛使用的技术，综述了人工神经网络在材料设计，材料加工的智能控制，材料相变研究和材料性能预测等方面的应用。     

热烈祝贺《功能材料》创刊五十周年

正五十载岁月如歌,五十年春华秋实。在全面建成小康社会和"十三五"规划圆满收官的2020年,《功能材料》迎来了她五十岁生日。从1970年创刊的《仪表材料》发展到今天的《功能材料》,五十年间,我们与时俱进,努力把握功能材料科学与技术发展的前沿和方向,快速报道功能材料科学与工程各领     

热烈祝贺《功能材料》创刊五十周年

五十载岁月如歌,五十年春华秋实。在全面建成小康社会和“十三五”规划圆满收官的2020年,《功能材料》迎来了她五十岁生日。从1970年创刊的《仪表材料》发展到今天的《功能材料》,五十年间,我们与时俱进,努力把握功能材料科学与技术发展的前沿和方向,快速报道功能材料科学与工程各领域的最新成果和发展动态,全心全意打造一本学术作风严谨,科技视野开阔,在国内外材料科学与工程界具有重要影响的专业学术刊物。     

生态材料

从信生材料科学与工程以及净化环境的观点介绍了生态材料的主要研究领域，并展现与生态环境协调的材料和系统的构思，以期引起重视。     

《中国材料工程大典》的意义

材料，和信息，生物，能源并称为现代文明的四大支柱，对材料科学和工程的研究，在国内得到广泛的重视，我国几乎在所有的综合性高校和理工科高校都设置了材料科学和工程专业，有大量的以材料（金属，无机非金属，高分子和复合材料等）为研究对象的研究单位。     

材料科学技术的生长点

本文评述了当代材料科学技术的情况及今后发展趋向。全文包括以下三方面内容:1.今后高速发展的材料领域,包括信息材料、能源材料、材料的有效利用;2.材料科学前沿举例,包括高温超导材料、低维材料、高强度材料、生物材料等;3.今后发展趋势,并对我国材料科学技术的发展提出了见解。     

热烈祝贺《功能材料》创刊五十周年

五十载岁月如歌,五十年春华秋实。在全面建成小康社会和“十三五”规划圆满收官的2020年,《功能材料》迎来了她五十岁生日。从1970年创刊的《仪表材料》发展到今天的《功能材料》,五十年间,我们与时俱逬,努力把握功能材料科学与技术发展的前沿和方向,快速报道功能材料科学与工程各领域的最新成果和发展动态,全心全意打造一本学术作风严谨,科技视野开阔,在国内外材料科学与工程界具有重要影响的专业学术刊物。     

热烈祝贺《功能材料》创刊五十周年

正五十载岁月如歌,五十年春华秋实。在全面建成小康社会和"十三五"规划圆满收官的2020年,《功能材料》迎来了她五十岁生日。从1970年创刊的《仪表材料》发展到今天的《功能材料》,五十年间,我们与时俱进,努力把握功能材料科学与技术发展的前沿和方向,快速报道功能材料科学与工程各领域的最新成果和发展动态,全心全意打造一本学术作风严谨,科技视野开阔,在国内外材料科学与工程界具有重要影响的专业学术刊物。倾力为从事功能材料研究的广大师生、科研人员、工程技术人员构建交流互动的平台,并将继续为推动我国功能材料科学技术的发展做出新的贡献。     

标准物质在分析测试中的重要地位及发展前景

标准物质在分析测试领域中无论在定值，方法的研究，误差确定等方面都有着重要地位。标准物质的质量保证及正确使用也应引起我们重视。随着科学技术迅速发展标准物质有着广阔发展前景。     

干燥及潮湿气氛下高温氧化、腐蚀的热重测定

随着材料科学的发展,热分析技术作为一项重要的表征手段,因其具有普适性而得到广泛应用。本文通过高温指定气氛中的样品氧化实验及循环热重实验,探讨了影响实验结果的几大因素：天平类型,气氛控制,样品放置方式,展示了仪器的卓越性能及热重法在材料氧化、腐蚀、老化研究方面应用。同时对热重技术的应用前景予以展望和预测,如可用于研究抗氧化剂、耐火剂、阻燃剂与添加剂,闪点、燃点、阻燃作用（炭化）、等温分解等诸多问题,也可用于研究材料在氧化、硫化、卤化、碳化等单一或多种腐蚀环境中的腐蚀机理等。     

刑事图像技术的应用与研究

刑事图像技术是刑事科学的重要组成部分：是检验、固定痕迹物证的一种方法。刑事图像的重大应用在于扩大人类的视野，显示肉眼看不到或看不清的重要细节，以便揭露和证实犯罪。     

基于强度尺寸效应的准脆性材料脆性指标研究

长期以来,如何评价准脆性材料的脆性一直是一重要问题。然而,现有的大多数脆性指标存在明显的局限性,即显著受试件尺度的影响,往往反映的是材料的脆性行为,而不是材料性质。基于Bazant尺寸效应律,强度与试件尺寸双对数曲线图中两条渐近线的交点或与之相关的有效断裂过程区长度可反映材料脆性。该脆性指标测定简单方便、真实可靠,能广泛应用于各种准脆性材料脆性评价。     

Review Micromechanical testing of bone trabeculae - potentials and limitations

The mechanical properties of bone are studied mostly for reasons related to skeletal pathology. However, bone is also very interesting from a material science perspective because it is a natural hierarchical composite material. The mechanical properties of bone depend on both the structural arrangement and the properties of the constituting materials, namely the organic polymer collagen and the inorganic salt apatite. While the mechanical properties of bone samples at the macroscopic scale are measured routinely, mechanical tests on micrometer-sized specimens are still at development stage. In this paper, protocols for measuring the elasticity of cancellous bone trabeculae are reviewed. The published values for the elastic modulus of trabeculae vary between 1 GPa and 15 GPa. Reasons for this broad range of values may be located in the intrinsic difficulties of preparing, handling, and testing inhomogeneous, anisotropic and asymmetric micro-samples. We discuss the major error sources in existing testing procedures and suggest potential strategies to enhance their performance.     

Review of Instrumented Indentation

Instrumented indentation, also known as depth-sensing indentation or nanoindentation, is increasingly being used to probe the mechanical response of materials from metals and ceramics to polymeric and biological materials. The additional levels of control, sensitivity, and data acquisition offered by instrumented indentation systems have resulted in numerous advances in materials science, particularly regarding fundamental mechanisms of mechanical behavior at micrometer and even sub-micrometer length scales. Continued improvements of instrumented indentation testing towards absolute quantification of a wide range of material properties and behavior will require advances in instrument calibration, measurement protocols, and analysis tools and techniques. In this paper, an overview of instrumented indentation is given with regard to current instrument technology and analysis methods. Research efforts at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) aimed at improving the related measurement science are discussed.     

Applied Multivariate Data Analysis,Volume II: Categorical and Multivariate Methods

The gamma distribution is relevant to numerous areas of application in the physical, environmental, and biological sciences. The focus of this paper is on testing the shape, scale, and mean of the gamma distribution. Testing the shape parameter of the gamma distribution is relevant to failure time modeling where it can be used to determine if the failure rate is constant, increasing, or decreasing. Testing the scale parameter is also relevant to problems in survival analysis, where when the shape parameter κ=1, the reciprocal of the scale parameter measures the hazard function. Finally, testing the mean of the gamma distribution allows us to determine if the average concentration of an environmental contaminant is higher, lower, or equivalent to a health-based standard. In this paper, we first derive new small sample-based tests and then via simulation, we study the Type I error rate and statistical power of these tests. Results of these simulation studies reveal that in terms of maintaining Type I error rate, the new tests perform extremely well as long as the shape parameter is not too small, and even then the results are only slightly conservative. We illustrate the new tests using three real datasets taken from the fields of engineering, medicine, and environmental science. This article has supplementary material online.     

Properties, synthesis, and characterization of graphene

Graphene is a wonder material that attracts great interests in materials science and condensed matter physics. It is the thinnest material and also the strongest material ever measured. Its distinctive band structure and physical properties determine its bright application prospects. This review introduces briefly the properties and applications of graphene. Recent synthesis and characterization methods are summarized in detail, and the future research direction is also pointed out in this paper.     

Properties,synthesis, and characterization of graphene

Graphene is a wonder material that attracts great interests in materials science and condensed matter physics. It is the thinnest material and also the strongest material ever measured. Its distinctive band structure and physical properties determine its bright application prospects. This review introduces briefly the properties and applications of graphene. Recent synthesis and characteri-zation methods are summarized in detail, and the future research direction is also pointed out in this paper.     

Environmental fatigue behavior of non‐crimp,E‐glass fiber reinforced polyester composites for marine applications

This study is aimed to find the fatigue behavior of Glass Reinforced Plastics, a material which is a widely preferred material for small marine crafts, as well as several other applications. The type of composite tested is hand‐laid E‐glass non‐crimp reinforcements with an polyester resin matrix. The specimens were produced in two standard thicknesses and with these material directions and were tested both under atmospheric and simulated seawater environments for fatigue. It was seen that the results of fatigue lifetime obtained by testing the material in seawater is much lower than the results obtained from testing similar specimens under atmospheric conditions. However, the stress curves indicate the same slope, suggesting that the fatigue failure mechanism of both testing conditions is the same and the fiber‐related factors dominate. It was found that the thickness and material direction did not have a significant effect on the fatigue behavior of the material.